There was a terrible epidemic in medieval Europe, and about 25 million people died in a short time. Many people have fever, chills, severe headaches and insanity for no reason. At that time, some people thought it was "God's will". Later, scientists discovered that it was caused by a bacterium. The infection of Yersinia pestis is the essence behind the phenomenon.

The little apple fell from the tree. It didn't fly into the sky. -When a stone is thrown into the sky, it will inevitably fall to the ground ... On the basis of previous scientific achievements, Newton found that this phenomenon is the result of the gravity of the earth.

For centuries, people have bought and sold goods countless times, but their principles are not clear. Secondly, Marx made a profound analysis and research on commodities, and came to the conclusion that the value of commodities is the labor of people condensed in commodities, and made clear the essence of commodities.

Some people say that Mendeleev discovered the periodic law of elements while playing poker. In fact, Mendeleev absorbed the achievements of predecessors, made numerous experiments after 20 years of exploration, accumulated basic data of various elements, and finally discovered the periodic law of elements.

Archimedes, an outstanding scientist in ancient Greece; When taking a bath, I feel that the deeper I enter the water, the lighter my body is; As a result of careful consideration, Archimedes principle, the basic principle of hydrostatics, was discovered. According to this principle, he solved the mystery that craftsmen adulterated the main crown.

Someone asked three bricklayers what they were doing. The first said "building bricks", the second said "earning wages" and the third said "building the most distinctive house in the world". Later, Lao San became a famous architect.

Lu Aigong told Zhuangzi that there were many Confucian scholars in Luo, saying that the streets were full of Confucian scholars wearing round hats, square shoes and beautiful jade articles. Zhuangzi thinks that this cannot be used to show that there are many real Confucian scholars. He suggested that Lu Ai should abide by the rules, and those who have no real talent and learning are not allowed to wear Confucian clothes. Otherwise, it would be unforgivable to kill them. Duke Zhuang of Lu really gave this order and sent people to the streets to check it out. The streets were covered with clothes of Confucian scholars. After three days of continuous inspection, he found a man wearing clothes of Confucian scholars.

Bole is good at fragrant horses, and he wrote a book summarizing his experience in the Classic of Fragrant Horses. Bole's son took this Xiang to find Maxima. Every time I see a horse, I will take out my father's "Xiangma Jing" for comparison. Is it tall and plump, with round and bright eyes and strong hooves? Later, he found two horses that met this requirement and rode home. Unexpectedly, the horse ran only a hundred miles and fell to the ground and died. Bole's son had to walk home.

There was a cattle butcher named Yu in the State of Qi, and his family was very rich. The angel of the King of Qi went to the butcher's house and said to him,' The King of Qi has taken a fancy to you and wants to betrothed his daughter to you, with a generous dowry. After listening to this, the butcher pondered for a moment and said to the messenger, "Please give my thanks to King Qi for curing my illness." . The messenger had to carry it out truthfully and go away. A friend asked him why he refused such a beautiful thing as a butcher. Butcher Yu said, "From my experience in selling meat, I can infer that good meat is not sold at home. Later that friend saw the daughter of King Qi, and it was really ugly.

There is a big tree beside Qu 'an Road in Qi State, and people passing by will be amazed. Only a carpenter named Jiang Shi passes by this tree every day without looking at it. His apprentice asked him why, and he said, "This is a worthless tree, otherwise it could not have lived here safely for so many years." Sure enough, the wood of this tree is permeable to water when used in ships, smells strange when used in furniture, and decays quickly when used in coffins.

A governor in plain clothes once saw a scholar quietly pick up a penny dropped by others in a bookstore and put it in his pocket, so he asked the name of the scholar. A few years later, I saw the scholar's name on the post list, crossed it off immediately, walked up to the scholar and said, "Do you remember when the bookstore found a penny? I am greedy for a penny, and when I became a palace,' Can you stop taking bribes and perverting the law! "

Qin Mugong was recommended by Bole to the Jiufang Boxing in the Warring States Period. He believed that Jiufang Boxing could compete with Maxima. Qin Mugong sent him to find a good horse to test his skills? Three months later, Jiu Gaofang came back and reported that he had found the horse. Qin Mugong asked him what kind of horse he was. He replied that it was a yellow mare. But it was a dark horse that brought him back. Qin Mugong was very angry. He thinks that Jiufanggao can't tell the color and sex of a horse, so how can it be photographed? However, Bole praised him and said, "This is where he is 1000 times taller than me. He only saw the essence, but ignored the roughness; He only saw what he needed to see and ignored what he didn't need to see. " Careful observation shows that this horse is really a good horse in chinese odyssey.

(2) Introduction:

1, we must look at the essence of things, take its phenomenon as a guide to getting started, and grasp its essence as soon as we enter the door. This is a reliable scientific method. Mao Zedong

2. When you see a fallen leaf, you know that the years will grow old; See the ice in the bottle, and you will know that the world is cold. -"Huai Nan Zi"

3. The official only hates the poor warehouse, and I don't know that Huainan people eat people. -Ancient poems and sentences

3, Zhumen wine stinks? There are frozen bones on the road. -Du Fu

4. In order to fully reflect the whole thing, the essence and the inherent regularity of things, we must think, get rid of the rough and the fine from the rich sensory materials, get rid of the false and keep the true, and work hard from the outside to the inside to produce a system of concepts and theories. We must leap from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. Mao Zedong

Without developing productive forces and improving people's living standards, it can't be said that it meets the requirements of socialism. Deng Xiaoping

6. In a sense, only the planned economy will constrain the development of productive forces. Deng Xiaoping

7, gold is not enough, no one is perfect-proverb

8. Don't believe in hype. Anyone who analyzes complex problems clearly, who laughs at the lack of common sense in the world, who can solve problems by doing what he says, and who promises you great beauty and joy with his mouth, should not be trusted. -Wang Meng

(3) Counterexample:

A fisherman put a small fish in a tree hole with water by the roadside and left. A passer-by passed a big tree and saw a small fish alive and kicking in the tree hole, thinking it was a god fish. Word of mouth spread, and the legend of the magic fish became more and more strange. Many people burn incense in front of trees and pray for peace. The incense actually surpassed the nearby temples. One day, the fisherman who put fish passed by again, and he could only laugh to himself.

A deer was taken home by a hunter to feed. Just entering the door, the hunter's dog swarmed and drooled. The hunter showed the deer to the dog, motioned the dog not to bully the deer, and then let the deer play with the dog. These dogs are afraid of their owners, so they gradually lose all evil intentions. Later, the deer ran out of the door and met many dogs on the road. He still went to play, and the dogs Qi Xin worked together to kill the deer and have a good meal.

The Tang Priest in The Journey to the West can't tell the good from the bad, and just wants to "help the world". The Monkey King's critical eyes can't identify people and demons, and he can't kill goblins. How can Tang Priest go to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures?

People often come to the wrong conclusion that lightning precedes thunder based on seeing lightning first and then hearing thunder. In fact, lightning and thunder happen at the same time, but because the speed of light is higher than the speed of sound, you may not be able to see and hear before you smell thunder.

People on the earth, seeing the phenomenon that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day, think that the sun and other planets revolve around the earth. This is Ptolemy's geocentric theory. Later, Copernicus's sun-centered theory proved its mistake.