After the October Revolution broke out, the red regime was besieged by foreign forces and the United States: the political situation in Ukraine was also unprecedented violence and turmoil. Zhu Laihe, who lives in Paul's house, is an old Bolshevik. He was left in the town when the Red Army retreated. He Zhu came to teach Paul boxing and cultivated Paul's pure revolutionary enthusiasm. Once, Paul was put in prison for saving Zhu. Then the stupid enemy quickly misplaced him: after he got out of prison, Paul jumped into the garden of Tonya, the daughter of a forestry official. Tonia likes Paul, who is enthusiastic, stubborn and strong-willed, and Paul is deeply attracted by tonia, which is pure, beautiful, neat and elegant.
Later, my brother Arqing sent Paul to Khartoum to join the Red Army. In the army, Paul became a cavalry and fought bravely. After the battle, he also likes to read novels such as The Gadfly and Spartacus, and tells them to his comrades whenever he has time. In a fierce battle, he was seriously injured in the head and was taken to the hospital. After leaving the hospital, Paul stayed with a relative in Tonya. He had an eye problem and couldn't go back to the front, but he immediately threw himself into all kinds of arduous work in the local area. At a gathering of workers' comrades, Paul was ridiculed and laughed at by the workers because he took away tonia, who was beautifully dressed and neatly dressed? Paul realized that tonia was not in the same class as himself, so he made up his mind to break up their relationship.
In order to supply urban timber, Paul took part in railway construction. Autumn rain, mud, heavy snow and frozen soil, the working conditions are getting worse and worse, and the harassment, disease and hunger of armed bandits are also threatening Paul and his comrades. However, the railway was completed as scheduled, and Zhu, who has been promoted to the position of member of the provincial party committee, was deeply moved by their revolutionary enthusiasm, saying that "this is how steel is tempered".
Because of his outstanding achievements, Guo Taiming was appointed as the secretary of the Youth League Committee of a railway factory. Lida, a female political commissar, often helps Paul improve his consciousness and do a good job. Paul gradually fell in love with Rita, but sacrificed his second budding love on the grounds of revolution. Paul was hospitalized again for pneumonia and recovered, but the doctor found a shrapnel wound on his spine. During his illness in his hometown, Paul visited the tomb of Letu and was deeply moved. He issued a touching and deafening rhetoric: "A person's most precious thing is life ... that's how a person's life should be spent ..." After his illness, Paul devoted himself to revolutionary work: at work, he resolutely fought against all kinds of non-mainstream ideas and "bad style" and gave it to his comrades.
Paul's constitution is getting worse and worse. 1924, the party organization had to unload all the burdens on him and let him rest for a long time. His eyesight is getting worse and worse. While recuperating at the seaside, Paul met Daya, the youngest daughter of a worker's family. At Daya's home, Paul encouraged Daya to rebel against her stubborn father and led her to join the Soviet Union. Dia and Paul are married.
1927, Paul was completely paralyzed and then went blind. He was once discouraged and wanted to commit suicide, but his strong revolutionary belief helped him out of the trough. Under extremely difficult conditions, Paul began his literary creation. 1934, with the help of his mother, wife and comrades-in-arms, his autobiographical novel How the Steel was Tempered was finally published! Paul is glad that he has a new revolutionary weapon-writing.
Time background
This book was written in 1932- 1934. Ni ostrovsky (1904- 1936) was born in a worker's family. /kloc-started working and living at the age of 0/2./kloc-joined the youth league at the age of 0/5, participated in the civil war to defend the Soviet regime, and served as the middle and lower level leader of the league and the party. He is an excellent Soviet Union player. After I lost my sight, I dictated how steel was tempered in a nursing home. Others recorded and I wrote. The author claims that he didn't know much about Russian before 1924, and Binomiao only took a one-year correspondence course at * * * Producer University before tomorrow. Because his works have created the image of Pavel Colta King, a producer of * * * with iron will, and the legendary quality of the writer's own experience, How the Steel was Tempered has become a "textbook" and a "Bible" for revolutionary youth all over the world. In the Soviet Union, this book was reprinted hundreds of times, and there are more than 50 foreign language translations.
The author's life
Nikolai Alexeevich Ostrovsky is an ordinary worker, a soldier of the Red Army, a grassroots cadre of the Youth League of the former Soviet Union, an excellent writer and a staunch proletarian soldier. 1904 He was born in a worker's family in Viria village, lovins province. Ostrovsky showed a distinct rebellious character from an early age. Because his family was poor, he only studied for three years when he was a child.
Soon, ostrovsky was forced to drop out of school. He has just turned 10 years old and is going to work as a child laborer in the station canteen and an assistant stoker in the power plant, thus experiencing more hardships in life. Nearly 16 hours of hard work every day often leads to slaps and fists. The humiliating life strengthened his already strong sense of struggle and spirit of resistance.
Ostrovsky 13 years old, it was 19 17 during the October Revolution that he met the old Bolsheviks fedor and Lini. His rebellious character just found the opportunity and way to join the torrent of collective struggle. He began to take an active part in the struggle against the invaders and defend the Soviet regime.
192 1 In the autumn of, ostrovsky led a volunteer team to take part in the arduous work of building a railway branch line near Jeep. The conditions are extremely difficult and the environment is extremely bad. This is the scene he later wrote about building roads in the book How Steel was Tempered. Hunger, humidity, cold, and working day and night, many people have typhoid fever. Ostrovsky, who suffered from typhoid fever and rheumatism, still worked hard until he fainted on the construction site and was sent home to rest. The following autumn, ostrovsky, who was on sick leave when the Foundation was flooded, stood in the flood and organized the masses to rescue the timber, regardless of the cold and weakness. At this time, his illness worsened. Diagnosed by a doctor, he is physically disabled and cannot continue to work. The party organization decided to issue him a disability certificate and state allowance. But he resolutely refused. Stick to work. 1923, the party organization had to agree to his urgent request and send him to the frontier to work in the youth league.
At the age of 23, due to overwork, ostrovsky's health became worse and worse until he was paralyzed and completely incapacitated. In his life journey, it can be said that he has reached the final decisive stage. However, his strong desire to continue working finally enabled him to overcome his illness with amazing perseverance and overcome the unimaginable difficulties of ordinary people. He assiduously studied world famous literature and related historical materials, then picked up a pen, changed another weapon to continue fighting and started literary creation. 1928, at the age of 24, he finally finished the first draft of a novella "Kotovschi", which is the first draft of several chapters of "How Steel was Tempered", which greatly inspired his confidence.
However, the manuscript of this novel, which cost him a great deal of life energy, was lost in the mail. This is undoubtedly another cruel blow to him. After that, the health condition deteriorated sharply, and the only left eye was blind at 1930. However, he did not give up his life, but concentrated all his energy on fighting for survival and continuing to write. For this steel-willed hero, any merciless blow can only turn his character into steel. 1930, based on his own combat experience, he began to write the novel "How Steel was Tempered" with tenacious will. In the end, he overcame unimaginable difficulties and completed this immortal masterpiece in three years, realizing his ideal of returning to combat posts.
After the publication of the novel 1934, it was warmly welcomed by readers at home and abroad. 1934. ostrovsky was admitted as a member of the Soviet writers association. At the end of 1935, the Soviet government awarded him the Lenin medal in recognition of his creative work and outstanding contribution to literature. In the winter of the same year, he began to write his second novel, Born in the Storm. The novel was originally planned to be written in three volumes. Unfortunately, just after the first volume of the novel 1936 12/22 was written, ostrovsky died of a serious illness in Moscow at the age of 32. Besides novels, ostrovsky left us many passionate papers, speeches and letters.
Classic fragment
Now, he has completely collapsed and lost hope of returning to the team. How should he treat himself? He finally let Bazhanova tell the truth, and the female doctor told him that there were more terrible things waiting for him. What shall we do? This annoying problem was put in front of him, forcing him to solve it.
He has lost the most precious thing-the ability to fight. What's the use of living In today's bleak tomorrow, what can he prove that his life is valuable? What can enrich your life? Just eating, drinking and breathing? Be an incompetent bystander and watch your comrades rush forward to fight?
So it becomes a burden to the combat team? He thought of yevgeny Bosch, the leader of the Kiev proletariat. The tried-and-tested female underground worker suffered from tuberculosis, lost her ability to work and committed suicide not long ago. She explained the reason in the text message: "I can't accept the charity of life. Now that I have become a patient of my own party, I don't think it is necessary to continue living. " How about getting rid of the body that betrayed you? Shoot him in the heart and it's over! Since I had a good life in the past, I should be able to end my life in due course. Who can blame a soldier who doesn't want to suffer before he dies?
His hand touched the smooth Browning pistol in his pocket, and his fingers habitually grasped the handle. He slowly pulled out his pistol.
"Who would have thought you would be here today?"
The gun looked him in the eye contemptuously. He put the pistol on his lap and cursed savagely: "What kind of hero is this? It's just fake, man! Any fool will shoot himself at any time. It is the most cowardly and convenient way to get out of trouble in this way. If you can't live, go to hell. Cowards don't need a better way out. Have you ever tried to overcome this life in the past? Did you try your best to break through this circle? Have you forgotten how you launched 17 times a day near Novogler-Wolinski, and finally overcame all difficulties to conquer the city? Hide the gun and don't mention it to anyone.
"Even when life is unbearable, we should be good at life and try our best to make life beneficial to the people."
Humorous words
Life is the most precious thing for people. Life is irreversible. You should spend your life like this: looking back, you won't regret wasting your time; And I'm not ashamed of mediocrity. On my deathbed, I can say that all my life and energy have been devoted to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind.
For me, nothing in life is more terrible than being left behind.
Reading teaching
Paul's story should be a household name in China. Paul's lofty words about "that's how one should spend one's life" have been recited by generations of teenagers. To some extent, together with Lei Feng's spirit, Paul's spirit has become the moral standard and behavior model of young students in China.
It is Paul's steely will, his heroic bearing and fearless spirit that he dares to challenge all difficulties when crossing the time and space of historical regions. This spirit is equally needed for those who try to make a difference at any time. This is the charm of this work which was born in the red age. As romain rolland commented, "ostrovsky is a poem". Of course, this is a revolutionary lyric poem and also a struggler's march of the volunteers. What is interesting is Paul's love story. His three relationships with Tonya (daughter of a forestry official), Lida (female political commissar) and Daya (worker) imply the spiritual process of a red Russian gradually moving away from the flesh and luxury and moving closer to the spirit, principles and ideas. The love for tonia comes from the initial heart of an ignorant teenager and is a natural yearning for anyone's beautiful and comfortable life; The love with Lida's political commissar was born in the revolutionary life of * * *, and the slogan "Revolution is above everything else" stifled Paul's remaining love for Lida. The marriage with Daya, a worker's daughter, comes from salvation rather than love. At this time, Paul was physically disabled and mentally outstanding. Paul saved himself with "spirit" and "will", and also lit up the eyes of elegance. His spirit has always been regarded as "a beacon of capitalism".
Starting from 1942, the China version of How Steel was Tempered has been popular in China for decades. 1at the end of 999, the release of the new TV series "How Steel was Tempered" once again aroused people's concern about the spirit of "Paul". This is a rare phenomenon of literary acceptance.