When I came to Sichuan, I think people here can save the most money by building houses. Sintered bricks are often used to make columns. Four brick columns were built separately, covered with a wooden shelf, which looked skinny and pitifully thin. But there are tiles on the top, bamboo grate walls on all sides, and mud on the walls. From a distance, no one can say that it is not like a house. The "Yashe" where I live now is such a typical house. Needless to say, this house has brick columns and bamboo grate walls, and all the features are available.
When it comes to housing, I have a lot of experience. I've tried "helping the top and picking the bottom", "front porch and back mansion", "one floor and one bottom", "three floors", "gazebo", "thatched shed", "Qionglou Yuyu" and "skyscraper". No matter where you live, as long as you live for a long time, you will have feelings for that house, and you can't bear to move out unless you have to. When I first came to this "elegant house", I just wanted to shelter it from the wind and rain, but I didn't dare to expect it. I have lived for more than two months now, and I feel good about it. Although I already think it can't cover the wind and rain, because there are windows and no glass, when the wind comes, the hole is like a pavilion, when there are tiles, there are many gaps, and when the rain comes, it is like dripping water. Even if it can't shelter from the wind and rain, "Yashe" still has its own personality. Personality is very cute.
The location of "Yashe" is halfway up the mountain, and there are about seventy or eighty layers of earth steps below the road. In front is a spiral rice field. Looking further into the distance, there are several lush distant mountains, next to which are sorghum fields, bamboo forests, pools and cesspits, and behind them are uninhabited slopes. If the place is desolate, on a moonlit night, or on a windy and rainy day, there are often guests. Generally speaking, friends are not too far away, and distance is friendship. Tourists climb dozens of steps first, and then they have to go uphill when they enter the house, because the floor in the house is paved by the mountain, with a high side and a low side and a great slope. All the guests are surprised, but I will settle down for a long time. Every day, walking from the study to the restaurant is uphill, and after dinner, it is downhill, and I don't feel great inconvenience.
There are six "elegant houses", and I am the second. The grate wall is not firm and the doors and windows are not tight, so my neighbors and I can communicate with each other. Neighbors' binge drinking, chanting poems, whispering, snoring, sneezing, eating soup, tearing paper and taking off shoes all ripple out from the cracks in doors and windows at any time, breaking my silence. In the evening, mice can have a bird's eye view of the lamp, move freely as soon as they close their eyes, or move walnuts along the slope on the floor, or suck lamp oil to overturn the candlestick, or climb to the top of the tent, or grind their teeth at the foot of the door frame, which makes people unable to rest. But for mice, I am ashamed to admit that I "have no choice". The sentence "There is no way" is often quoted by foreigners, who think that this sentence can best represent the lazy and forbearing attitude of China people. In fact, I am not lazy in dealing with mice. Paste paper on the window, and it will break when you poke it; The door is tightly closed, but like a mouse with teeth, a bite is a hole. What else can we do? Isn't it "helpless" for foreign devils to live in "elegant houses"? Mosquitoes are more annoying than mice. There are more mosquitoes and lice in Yashe than I have ever seen before. "Gather mosquitoes into thunder" is really true! Every evening, the house is full of mosquitoes, dark and big, with hard bones. When mosquitoes have been eliminated elsewhere, they are particularly rampant in Yashe. If tourists don't pay attention, their legs will swell like corn, but I'm still safe. When winter comes, mosquitoes will naturally disappear, and next summer-who knows I still live in the "elegant house"!
"Elegant House" is best for moonlit nights-the terrain is higher and the moon comes first. Look at the moon on the mountain, red plates pour in, and in an instant, the lights are bright, the sky is high and the clouds are light, the fields are silent, dogs bark, and all the guests sit quietly! There are two pear trees in front of the house. When the moon rises at noon, the clear light falls from the trees, and the shadows on the ground are gorgeous, which makes it very quiet. Until people dispersed and went to bed, the moonlight still forced through the window to help me feel sad. On the occasion of drizzle, Yashe is also interesting. Looking out of the window, it looks like Michaelis' composition, and if the clouds are foggy, they will diffuse. However, if it rains cats and dogs, I will feel uneasy again. There are wet marks all over the roof. At first it was as big as a bowl, then it expanded like a basin, and then it dripped endlessly. Finally, the plaster on the roof suddenly cracked, like a wonderful flower in full bloom, betting with sudden mud. At this moment, the room is in chaos, saving the common people. This kind of experience is not uncommon. The display of "Yashe" can only be considered simple. Sweep and wipe it, and there will be no dust. I'm not a powerful person, so I don't allow photos of Minggong and Qing to enter my room. I'm not a dentist, so I don't have a doctorate. I don't have a haircut, so I can't shoot the Ten Scenes of the West Lake and movie stars. I have a chair, a couch, a deep sleep, writing, reading and nothing else. But although the furnishings are simple, I like to renovate. Westerners often laugh at women who like to change the position of desks and chairs, thinking that this is one of the signs of women's natural change. Whether it's fake or not, I like change. Old-fashioned families in China have the same furniture. There is a cabinet in the main hall, with a square table in front, an armchair on one side, two armchairs and a coffee table on both sides. I think the furnishings should be uneven, and the most taboo is to arrange my spouse. There is nothing novel in "Elegant Room", but the arrangement one by one is not vulgar. People knew this was my room as soon as they came in. What Dai Li Weng said in Fate is exactly what I want.
"Yashe" is not mine, I'm just one of the tenants. But think about "everything goes against the journey", life is like sending, I live in "Yashe" for one day, and "Yashe" is all for me. Even this day is not your own. At least, I really bowed down and tasted the ups and downs that Yashe can give on this day. Liu Kezhuang's words: "Be at home." At this moment, I live in Yashe, which is like my home. Actually, it seems to be home, and I can't tell it apart.
Note: ① This article is selected from the first article of Essays of Yashe (published by Bi Hui Book Company), hence the name.
? Appreciate:
Liang Shiqiu (1903~ 1987) was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He wrote many books in his life, including the first, second and third collections of essays and various collections of literary criticism. After nearly 40 years of independent translation, he completed 40 volumes of complete works of Shakespeare. He is a famous scholar, writer and translator in the history of modern literature in China.
Elegant Room is his first essay, Elegant Room Essays. This article was written in 1938. At that time, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression had already broken out and the national disaster was imminent. University professors have to live in humble houses in Chongqing. It is obviously a humble room, but it is called "elegant house", which shows the author's helplessness and self-mockery of his living environment during the war years. At the same time, it also shows the author's optimistic attitude and broad-minded feelings.
The beginning of the article is simple and natural, like a pen written casually, but when we read the words "brick column", "wooden shelf", "tile", "bamboo grate wall" and "mud ash", we can appreciate the author's dissatisfaction from the words "lonely", "skinny" and "pitiful". In other words, being dissatisfied with it but having a "good impression" shows its humorous style. From this, we can understand why the author uses the word "economy" to evaluate the man-made houses in Sichuan, and why he uses quotation marks when writing "elegant house".
In the author's eyes, "Yashe" has its own personality and style. First, the "Yashe" was built halfway up the mountain, facing the rice fields, followed by hazel trees, surrounded by bamboo forests and pools. , is a vulgar and elegant place. From this, the author draws a conclusion that "a good friend is not too far away, but a long way is to meet a friend." Secondly, "the floor in the house is paved along the mountain, with a high side and a low side, and the slope is very large". "It is uphill to walk from the study to the dining room every day, and it is downhill to protrude after meals. The words used in this sentence are vivid and delicate, which truly reproduces the simplicity and inconvenience of the house. Between the lines, the author's calm sense of humor is revealed. It's hard enough for a well-known professor to live in this humble room, but he takes it easy with a broad-minded and detached mind, ridicules in a relaxed and gentle tone, and has his own elegance and personal feelings. Thirdly, when sharing a suite with others, there is often a "next-door play": "The neighbors are drinking and having fun, slurping, singing poems against each other, whispering, snoring, sneezing, eating soup, tearing paper and taking off their shoes, all of which ripple out from the cracks in the doors and windows at any time, breaking my silence. "The Humble Room has many inconveniences, but the author has excavated many pleasing places from it with aesthetic eyes. Listening to the voice and the implication also shows the author's calm, relaxed and indisputable attitude towards life in a measured way. Fourth, in this "elegant house", mice and mosquitoes interfere with each other. We can see that the author uses words such as "harassment" and "madness", which may be interpreted as the author's inner dissatisfaction with life and war, but he does not directly express anger and resistance. All the sentences are still appreciation and simplicity of Moonlit Night and Drizzle. Fifth, despite the simple conditions, "the arrangement of one thing is good. "The article uses joking language to say that there are no conspicuous photos hanging between the walls, no doctor's degree in dentistry, and no need to post movie stars, indicating that the author has no extravagant hopes for material needs, insists on independent personality, does not attach himself to dignitaries as their agents, and does not follow the crowd at will.
The language of this article is elegant, clear and humorous. I occasionally use classical Chinese, which is also from letters. I understand it fluently and appeal to both refined and popular tastes.
At the end of the article, I quoted the famous sentence "Feel at home" in Liu Kezhuang's "Jade House Spring", which was filled with emotion. "Guest" is a "guest house" and "seeing off" is a temporary stay. I spend more time living outside but less time living at home. This is the characteristic of the turbulent times in this country. Liu Kezhuang was a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The author quotes Liu Ci's words to express some feelings when he lived in Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War. The author will not turn a blind eye to the present reality, but his feelings are not as straightforward and passionate as those of other literati, but euphemistic and delicate. When describing the pleasing scenes of "elegant house" and "getting the moon first", he inserted a scene in which the room was in chaos when it was raining heavily; When talking about feelings, I wrote this sentence: Yashe "can give me bitterness, sweetness and sourness, and I really do my best until I die." The author sighed deeply between the lines.
To sum up, there are four characteristics:
(1) parallel dispersion. The author likes to use parallelism, antithesis and compound sentence, almost every paragraph has them, or describes them vividly. These even sentences show strong literary skills, sophisticated language and brilliant literary talent. The author is also good at using whole sentences and scattered sentences together, seeing occasional oddities, parallel and scattered, writing vividly, easily, like running water, posing freely.
(2) taste both refined and popular. Liang Wen's mainstream vocabulary is elegant written language, and Mr. Liang's profound attainments in ancient Chinese are vividly displayed. From the whole article, exquisite and elegant written language and simple and lively spoken language complement each other. For example, in the third paragraph, all kinds of sounds are broken, and two groups of words are used, one is elegant and the other is vulgar, but they cannot be reversed. Scholars recite poems for elegance, and the author uses several well-worded four-character words; All kinds of "unpleasant" voices in daily life are listed in spoken language, which gives people a feeling of hearing and seeing. Many sentences in the text are very bookish, almost classical Chinese; Some sentences are full of vernacular.
(3) Free citation. Chinese and foreign materials are readily available, with close contents and various forms. For example, "gathering mosquitoes into thunder" is a flexible use of idioms, and some people call it "returning to the ancestors". The general meaning of "gathering mosquitoes into thunder" is equivalent to "scaring people", and this article uses the literal meaning. "Rats have teeth" can also be seen in this way. This sentence comes from the Book of Songs, which originally said that "a mouse has teeth (one tooth) and a man has no end (shame)", expressing the curse on those who have lost their sense of shame, and it is also used literally here. Quoting Li Yu's "Casual Mail", only quoting its title, not its sentence, deliberately hiding it, leaving room; To quote Li Bai's articles and Liu Kezhuang's words is to quote their sentences and not to mention their topics, which is not only a pity for ink, but also a full trust in readers. These two sentences quoted from foreigners are just general ideas, and the original text has never been seen. In a word, flexible quotation and rich materials not only help to express the article and its meaning, but also increase the cultural content of the work, which shows that scholar writers are knowledgeable.
(4) humor. Humor is not a simple linguistic or rhetorical device, but a linguistic feature that runs through the whole article. For example, write an elegant house, which is thin and simple and does not shelter from the wind and rain. Originally, it was not an "elegant" dilemma in life, but it was unexpectedly described by a group of elegant parallel prose. The name of Yashe is "Ya", and there are "pools, cesspits" and "snoring and sneezing" in the article. This almost vulgar thing, full of human fireworks, ends with a very elegant sentence-"ripple, break my silence." For another example, after quoting foreigners' comments on China people's laziness, the author argued seriously and finally added: "Isn't it" helpless "for foreign devils to live in Yashe?" It's almost like an argument in daily life: why don't you try? The homophonic effect of "Wang mosquito wind" and the harmonious use of words such as "most taboo against exclusion" all have novel and humorous elegance.
About the author:
Liang Shiqiu (1903- 1987), a native of Beijing, was born in Hangzhou County, Zhejiang Province. China, whose name is Qiushi, is named Qiulang, Zijia and Chengshu. 19 15 went to Tsinghua, 1923 went to study in the United States, and got a master's degree in literature from Harvard University. After returning to China, he successively served as a professor at Southeast University, Guanghua University, Jinan University, Fudan University, Qingdao University, Zhonghua College, Peking University, Beijing Normal University and Sun Yat-sen University. From 65438 to 0949, he went to Taiwan Province Province and became a professor at Taiwan Province Provincial Normal University. Director of English Institute of Taiwan Province Normal University, Professor of Taiwan Province University, Director of Taiwan Province Institute of Editing and Translation. He wrote many works in his life, including essays, essays, essays, essays and literary criticism essays. After nearly 40 years of independent translation, he completed 40 volumes of complete works of Shakespeare. He is a famous scholar, writer and translator in the history of modern literature in China.
1April 1939 moved to Beibei, Chongqing with the Education Book Editorial Committee of the Ministry of Education of the National Government. 1June, 940, he and sociologist Wu Jingchao bought a bungalow in Beibei main bay (now Liyuan Village) and named it "Yashe" after Wu Jingchao's wife Gong Yeya. 1943 Liang's wife Cheng and her children also came from Beijing for reunion. "It's hard to give up" is the top wall with wooden frame, brick poles and tiles. There are six rooms with two floors. Liang Shiqiu is a typical "humble room". However, after Liang Shiqiu moved in, he was full of guests. A group of poets and poets often gather here, reciting poems and painting, and playing the piano. Today is very lively. Liang Shiqiu lived in Yashe for 7 years and translated and created a lot of works. Essays on Elegant Rooms is his famous work, which is world-renowned and has a long history. 1949, Liang Shiqiu went to Taiwan Province Province and compiled 34 essays written here into a book. It was still named "Essays of Yashe", which was well received by readers and reprinted more than 60 times, becoming a global bestseller. Liang Shiqiu continued to write and publish sequels, three episodes and four episodes of Essays on Elegant Rooms in Taiwan Province Province, and published a series of albums such as Essays on Elegant Rooms, Poems Translated by Asher and Homesickness of Elegant Rooms under the name of Elegant Rooms. Where there are China people, there are Ashe's essays. So the name of "Yashe" spread like wildfire, and became famous all over the world with "Essays on Yashe".