Football is one of the sports with the highest incidence of trauma. Injuries include strain, fall, tear, fracture, joint dislocation, muscle spasm, etc. The most common injuries are acute injuries caused by falling, jumping for the ball and landing incorrectly, emergency stopping and turning, bumps or uneven or wet ground. In addition to common bruises and setbacks, ankle sprain is the most common injury. Followed by strain and contusion of muscle groups before and after thigh; Third, knee joint injury.

2. The causes of football injuries.

Football injuries occur for the following reasons:

2. 1 Injuries in fierce competition:

During the competition, due to fierce competition, quick running and tackle, it is easy to strain the muscles of thighs and calves and break the muscle fibers. Sudden change of posture, sudden twist of calf, adduction or abduction will all cause knee joint, hip ligament and bone injury.

2.2 Damage caused by indirect action of the ball:

This kind of injury mostly occurs in the lower limbs. For example, when kicking the ball with the lateral foot, it is easy to damage the anterior talofibular ligament, which is the most common ankle injury. When kicking the ball with the medial forefoot of the foot, the knee joint is in flexion position, and the calf suddenly turns outwards due to the action surface of the ball, which is easy to cause damage to the lateral collateral ligament, meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint. Especially in the case of "foot-to-foot" with rival athletes, the abdominal muscles are easy to tear the medial and lateral collateral ligaments because they are not hard, and sometimes the quadriceps femoris contracts too hard, which will also cause the quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris abdomen or aponeurosis to tear.

2.3 hitting damage:

Such as facial abrasions and contusions; Abdominal contusion (rupture of liver and spleen, gastrointestinal contusion); Scrotum and testicular contusion, etc. But the most typical and common injury is the goalkeeper's finger injury, such as thumb, index finger or other fingers and ligaments involved or joint dislocation.

2.4 Kicking injury:

During the competition, the big leg and calf are often kicked by the opponent's "sneakers", "knee joint collision" and "calf", resulting in muscle contusion, subcutaneous hematoma, muscle fracture (the most common injury is quadriceps femoris) and bone top injury (such as tibial fracture or traumatic periostitis of tibia).

2.5 Falling injury:

When an athlete struggles for the top, collides or sprints, he suddenly loses his center of gravity and falls down, especially in the ash field, which is the most likely to cause abrasions, which can seriously cause traumatic bursitis (knee elbow), patella fracture, spinal fracture, cerebral hemorrhage, concussion and so on. When you fall on the artificial lawn, you will also have thermal burns and skin infections.

2.6 Other chronic injuries:

In addition to the above situations, chronic injuries occur due to strain in football, such as traumatic osteoarthrosis of ankle joint (also called "soccer ankle"). One of the causes is local strain, hyperosteogeny before and after ankle joint on X-ray film, phalangeal osteitis and osteochondrosis of patella. Patella strain is characterized by patellar cartilage and fat pad prolapse.

3. Significance and principles of preventing sports injuries.

3. The significance of1in preventing sports injuries;

The purpose of participating in sports is to strengthen physical fitness, improve physical and mental health, promote all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique, and better serve socialist countries. If you don't pay attention to the prevention of sports injuries and take active preventive measures during exercise, all kinds of injury accidents may occur, which may affect your study and work, and may also cause disability or endanger your life. Therefore, active prevention of sports injuries plays a positive role in strengthening physical fitness and improving sports technical level.

3.2 Precautionary principles for sports injuries:

3.2. 1 Strengthen ideological education:

At ordinary times, we should strengthen safety education, overcome the paralyzed thoughts in teaching, training and competition, conscientiously implement the policy of putting prevention first, and carry forward good sports ethics.

3.2.2 Reasonable arrangement of teaching, training and competition:

Teachers should carefully study textbooks according to students' age, gender, health status and sports technical level, so as to be aware of them and take corresponding preventive measures in advance. Strengthen comprehensive training and basic technical teaching, use a variety of practice means and methods, improve students' physical fitness in an all-round way, arrange exercise load reasonably, avoid single training method and prevent local burden from being overweight. We should follow the principle of step by step, treat teaching individually, and gradually increase the load. When learning new movements, we should pay attention to the correct laws, so as to teach from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, from broken movements to complete movements.

3.2.3 Seriously prepare for the activities:

Before strenuous exercise, you should prepare carefully. The content of warm-up activities depends on the content of teaching, training and competition, including general warm-up activities and special warm-up activities. For the parts that are heavily burdened and easily injured in sports, special attention should be paid to warm-up activities and some strength and stretching exercises should be done appropriately. The preparation activities of vulnerable parts should be cautious to prevent the injury from strengthening. The whole set of preparatory activities should be carried out step by step, and it is advisable to feel fever and sweat slightly.

3.2.4 Strengthen the training of wearing parts:

It is an active and effective means to strengthen the training of weak parts or relatively weak parts step by step and improve their functions. For example, in order to prevent patella strain, the quadriceps femoris and patella can be strengthened by "standing piles"; In order to prevent lumbar muscle strain, we should not only strengthen the training of back muscles, but also strengthen the strength training of abdominal muscles, which is conducive to preventing lumbar injury caused by excessive stretching of the spine.

3.2.5 Strengthen the awareness of protection and self-protection:

Everyone who takes part in sports should master the method of self-protection. For example, when the body's center of gravity is out of balance, he should immediately take a big step forward or backward to maintain the balance of his body. When you are about to fall down when playing football, you should immediately bow your head, bend your elbows, wrap your chest with your body, and roll on the ground with your shoulders and back instead of straight to the ground. When jumping from a height, you should land on the ground with the forefoot and bend your knees at the same time to enhance the cushioning effect.

3.2.6 Strengthen health care guidance:

People who take part in sports should have regular check-ups and rechecks to understand the changes that have taken place in their bodies. Do a good job of self-care. If there are any adverse reactions, analyze the causes in time and ask a doctor for a physical examination if necessary. Seriously manage the site, equipment and personal protective equipment (such as leggings) and check the health and safety, and repair the damaged site and equipment in time. In order to avoid unnecessary injury accidents. At ordinary times, we should strengthen the publicity and education of health care knowledge, enhance self-care awareness and improve the consciousness of observing sports health requirements.