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Excerpts from Zhu Guangqian's Talking about Self-cultivation.
Speaking of determination. ?

1. It's obvious that I can't blame the environment, and I'm not allowed to show my skills. Obviously, I am willing to be a bad person, and the strange environment does not allow me to be a good person. This is actually a coward's understanding, and he is not responsible for himself.

Some people misunderstand that determination is just an idea. A child said that he would become a great president in the future, and a beggar said that he would become a rich man. The so-called toad wants to eat swan meat, without thinking about the necessary methods or steps to achieve this goal, let alone the determination to achieve the goal according to these methods and steps. This is just arrogance, not determination.

3. There are no methods and steps to achieve the expected goal, and there is no clear understanding of the methods and steps to achieve that goal. It is just wishful thinking rather than determination. Ambition is an ideal, and the ideal must be an achievable ideal.

4. Ideal commonality has two meanings. One is "unattainable, dreamable and unattainable perfection". For example, many religions take immortality as their life ideal. Another meaning of ideal is "the most perfect answer to a question" or "the most satisfactory solution to a difficult problem within the possible scope", such as eternal life, which human beings cannot achieve, but human beings can achieve.

5. "Three Principles" creed. This body, here and now. First, what this body should and can do must be undertaken by this body, not passed on to others. Second, what should be done and can be done at this time must be done at this time and cannot be put off until the future. Third, what should and can be done here, do it here, and don't shirk it to another imaginary position.

Talk about moving forward.

1. We often go astray. Reason tells us to go east, but desire tempts us to go west.

When a person is a teenager, he is always full of energy, ambitious and willing to work. He believes that nothing is difficult in the world, and nothing is impossible to a willing mind. When he is old and has suffered some setbacks, he gradually becomes depressed and disheartened, and will follow suit, muddle along and refuse to make any efforts to struggle. Therefore, if a person wants to work hard, it is best to take advantage of his youthful blood.

In fact, there are two paths to the things we participate in anytime and anywhere, one is the least resistance and the other is the most resistance. In other words, resistance is the willpower to face environmental difficulties. The path of least resistance is often a temptation. It can best cater to people's inertia. Greed, laziness and treachery will not achieve much. To achieve great achievements, we must have superhuman will, work hard to drill deeper and move towards the road with the greatest resistance.

It is comfortable for you to sleep in a hot bed in winter morning. Although I know it's time to get up, I still can't bear to get up. You won't climb up along the path of inertia and lowest resistance.

Many great men in history have made great achievements. Most of them rely on strong willpower and are willing to take the road with the greatest resistance. For example, Confucius, a great scholar at that time, had many disciples. If he was greedy for personal comfort, he could have lived a quiet scholar life at home. However, he traveled all his life, never eating in Chen, and his life was in danger in Kuang. His worrying appearance was ridiculed by hermits at that time.

6. Many things that have not been done are considered absolutely impossible because of lack of self-confidence, courage and unwillingness to work hard.

Tell me about the group.

1. In the historical environment, China has a large population, a small-scale peasant economy and self-sufficiency, and it is impossible to produce * * *.

2. In the educational environment, Lao Tzu stresses old age, Su Shi stresses world independence and Confucianism stresses the doctrine of the mean. Good people have a super good attitude, and they refuse to stand up when something happens. There is nothing they can do to stand up, so public utilities are in the hands of gangsters, and the worse they get.

3. The mob can't be in groups, but the group must be an organism, which needs to rely on strong social organizations.

4. The more open politics is, the more opportunities people have to participate in political activities, the more developed their group consciousness and the stronger their ability to get along with groups. Because of this, people in democratic countries tend to group, while people in authoritarian countries are not easy to group.

China's small organization spirit is too strong. Most parties are for personal benefit, so people who are arrogant and self-appreciative have a bad impression on the party. "Fox Dog Party" is a unique idiom in China's vocabulary, which fully shows China people's contempt for the group and the party. Foxes and dogs gang up in groups, and those who lead an honest and clean life refuse to agree, and even take gang as a taboo.

Talking about making friends

1. Tell me who your friend is and I will know what kind of person you are.

Making friends is the same as general behavior. What we should always remember is that we should be strict with ourselves and be lenient with others.

Friends have a great influence on the formation of personality. A person's good or bad, friends influence more than half. If you value a person and treat him as a true friend, he becomes a hero to be worshipped. His words and deeds, smiles, every move consciously or unconsciously became his own imitation, and his personality gradually became his own. At the same time, he has become his own judge, and his words and deeds, every move should take into account his approval or disapproval.

4. Knowing people is the basis of communication with others, but it is extremely difficult to know people, because deep understanding must be based on deep sympathy, which can often be found only among sincere friends. Only when you have deep friends can you really understand a person. Understanding and sympathy are mutually causal. The more you sympathize with a person, the more you can understand him. The more you understand him, the more you sympathize with him. There is a French proverb that "to understand everything is to forgive everything".

The ancients often described the communication between friends as "sharp-edged and polished". Jade has flawed edges and corners. Only by learning and pondering with a musical instrument can he be smooth, and a person's character will inevitably have flawed edges and corners, such as selfishness, prejudice, irritability and arrogance. Friends are sharp tools for learning and thinking. The more different they are from themselves, the more friction they have.

Talking about reading.

1. If you don't read it thoroughly, you have to form a thoughtful habit, swim well, and even change your temperament; Reading more books without asking for much knowledge is like riding ten miles of foreign exchange. Although it is full of treasures, it just makes people feel confused and return empty-handed.

2. Most people talk about majors now. But many professional scholars have no common sense about basic subjects.

3. Every time new knowledge is acquired, it must be linked with old knowledge, that is, it must be gathered into a system around a center to take root and blossom.

4. About reading methods. First, all books worth reading should be read at least twice, and the first time should be read quickly, focusing on the main features of the whole article. Read slowly for the second time and critically measure the content of the book. Second, after reading a book, you must take notes on the outline, wonderful places and your own views. Taking notes can not only help you remember, but also force you to be serious and stimulate you to think.

If you find an interest in reading, you will be more resistant to temptation than others in the future. You can't find this interest now, and you will never find it in the future. Mortals become more and more numb with age. Now you are not as curious and interested as a child of three or five years old. When you grow up, your sensitivity to interest will be dull.

Talk about entertainment.

1. A nation has one pastime when it is prosperous and another when it is decadent. From the perspective of entertainment, we can see the low vitality of this nation. In ancient Rome, when it was powerful, people liked sports, going to theaters and attending parties. Only when they are decadent do they have some extravagant things, such as watching people fight with animals.

2. Health care is not good at lust. Life is full of things that disturb our minds, that is, forcing us to fight wars of attrition everywhere. We must be indifferent and calm, waiting for work, not only to preserve our health, but also to make great achievements in our study.

3. Jealousy is caused by one's unsatisfied desires. Jealous of others' good, hate yourself for not getting that kind of good. The end result is psychological distortion and quick success.

A person who has a strong interest in moral knowledge, art or career can naturally find pleasure in it and will not feel the emptiness of life.

Life needs many activities, energy can be vented, soul can be pinned, and interests are everywhere, so life is rich and there will be no emptiness.

Talk about calm

1. To understand calmness, we must first understand the reasons why we can't calm down at ordinary times. To put it simply, you just can't be calm, you are emotional, impulsive, impulsive, and careless everywhere. To put it further, we can't be calm. It is the lack of overall character cultivation, the lack of impulsiveness and openness in our minds, the lack of sobriety in our minds, and the lack of calmness and serenity in our demeanor. When it comes to character cultivation, the difficulty lies in reconciling emotion and reason. Man is a living animal, and it is impossible to have no feelings. He is the spirit of all things, and it can't be unreasonable. Love is hot and reason is cold, so conflicts often occur.

You are mortal, but it is easy to see yourself as a hero. Perseverance is a common mistake that people make. Confucianism in China should get rid of this problem and advocate "introspection". People who are generally introspective can know themselves. Introspection depends on rationality, a calm, objective and scientific mind, can be calm and introspective, and many debts in character can be forgiven.

3. There are many complicated relationships in one thing. People who are not calm-headed will feel confused and feel that things that need to be dealt with are in a mess, and there are disputes and difficulties everywhere. Either there is nothing to do, or it is thoughtless and poorly arranged. A difficulty was not solved, and complications appeared, making things worse. A calm person can make a decision before moving, and can't do anything.

Talk about compassion

1. Sympathy, empathy, psychological compensation. The tragic experience of others will arouse our sympathy, and we always want to help. This is actually psychological compensation, who compensates for their own psychology.

Confucius called it "benevolence", Stone called it "compassion" and Jesus called it "love". They all started with a little sympathy inherent in human beings, and they all saw that at the moment when people of the same kind were suffering, they made a mistake and ended it completely, leaving that little sympathy to cultivate, all morality had no foundation, human society could not be maintained, and people lost their nature as human beings. Compassion is the source of human culture.

Compassion makes people weak and pessimistic. Plato. In the ideal country, if you have compassion for the human body, you will have compassion for yourself. Self-pity lacks the spirit of a husband and tends to be weak and sentimental.

4. A group of German solipsistic philosophers and Nietzsche believe that compassion and kindness are only the virtues of the weak, and superstition of compassion and kindness hinders personal progress. In the eyes of worshipping armed invaders, pity is only a woman's kindness. With it, her heart will be weak. According to Darwin's biologists, the world is just a battlefield for survival and competition, and the survival of the fittest and the law of the jungle are the axioms on this battlefield. This "theory of material competition" covers everything, and naturally compassion cannot be allowed.

On Youth's Love and Marriage

1. The normal destination of love is marriage, and the normal destination of marriage is to have children and get married. Young people are in the learning period, and they have not achieved much in this world. They are not yet independent economically and cannot bear the responsibility of forming a family and raising children.

The proper mission of youth is to prepare for life, and the proper job is to study. When preparing for life and study, love and marriage are obstacles, and the energy in life is limited. There is not enough to study. Students who get married in college will not get the best grades, and students who get married in middle school will never have much hope in the future.

The most dangerous experience for a young man is that he has never had in-depth contact with a woman, but fell in love with her when he met the first woman.

No matter the same sex or the opposite sex, a person is likely to have several good friends at the same time. The wider the friendship, the less likely it is to fall in love.

5. Two natural ways to guide young people to abandon the road of love and marriage.

First, the energy has been exerted and the spirit has been entrusted. A person's heart is useless, but it can't be useless. Young people are the most confused. If he is idle and useless, it will inevitably flood. If he is interested in his work, articles or even games, it can monopolize his mind and prevent him from moving around.

The second is to improve social life and nourish compassion. What young people need most is sympathy, and what they fear most is loneliness. The more lonely, the more urgent I feel the need for the opposite sex. If a young man has a close family life and a warm group life, he won't feel lonely. Although he may still fall in love, there is no need for him to fall in love.

Talk about composition.

Diligent in writing descriptions and narratives. Many Chinese teachers asked students to write argumentative essays at the beginning, which was a bad habit in the imperial examination era.

Talking about inspiration

After practicing writing for a while, I found no progress. If you don't practice at all, stay and do something else and start writing later, it's still better than before. What is the reason? Just because what you think in your mind, let it brew in your subconscious for a period of time before it matures.

We have never heard of a person who has never worked hard in mathematics and suddenly invented important principles in mathematics while wandering in the street. Berlioz, who fell into the water in Rome, would never sing a song casually when he jumped out of the pool. His music was brewed by his subconscious mind two years later. Inspiration depends on long-term accumulation.

Speaking of silence.

Half the fun in life comes from activities and the other half comes from feelings. Color can be distinguished from beauty and sound can be distinguished from harmony. In the hustle and bustle of the city, I accidentally left all my carefree daydreams behind, and suddenly there seemed to be a flash of light in my heart, and endless wisecracks came.

When I am calm, I admire the Greek philosopher under the porch and believe that life should be converted to nature, and there should be no resentment, joy and lust. I admire Tolstoy and believe that the beauty of life lies in love. I admire Browning, and believe that ugliness is the only beauty in the world, and incompleteness is the real integrity.

Talk about getting rid of.

You can't light a candle at both ends. Although there are many differences in life, there is actually only one way to go and give up. This is a natural truth. There are many people in the world who stand on the wrong road and only hesitate and worry. If they refuse to give up, they won't get anything. There are also many people in the world who have embarked on this road and remembered that road. In this way, time will inevitably be delayed.

Talk about life and me.

Two ways of looking at life. The first way is to put yourself at the front desk and play tricks with all the people and things in the world. The second method is to put yourself in the background and watch others put on airs there.