Lu Xun is the founder and pioneer of modern literature in China, a great writer, thinker and revolutionary, a monument in the history of China literature in the 20th century, and an outstanding translator of foreign literature. His works and thoughts have had a great influence on later generations, and have become the precious cultural heritage of our nation in this century, constantly inspiring future generations to think and create new things. As a real? China and modernity? As a writer, his influence is not limited to China. He hates evil, is a standard bearer, a mentor, a specimen of human nature, and a light source of justice; What does he still stand for in the eyes of our people? The backbone and throat of China people? . Lu Xun's translated works involve Japan, Britain, France and other countries, most of which are Russian literary works. He translated many kinds of works, involving nearly 400 foreign and minority writers. Lu Xun translated the works of hundreds of foreign writers, with a total word count of millions. He is regarded as a literary master in the history of translated literature in China.

First, Lu Xun's literary translation

(A) the background of the times

For a long time, Lu Xun has been regarded as a thinker, writer and cultural standard bearer. In fact, he is also an outstanding translator. His literary activities began with translation and ended with translation. The quantity and importance of his translation even surpassed his own creation. Lu Xun is a thinker-type translator. He often thinks deeply about the choice of his translated works. Lu Xun, the founder of the New Literature Movement, tried to enrich the form of China literature through translation reform in order to transform the whole China society and change the decadent spirit of the people. He believes that to cure China people's mental illness, we must reform China literature and advocate vernacular Chinese, and all this depends on? Hard translation? The cultural impact it brings. China people have always had strong confidence in their own culture and refused to criticize and change their own culture. Coupled with the widespread xenophobia in China at that time, any action against Chinese studies at that time would lead to criticism and criticism. Therefore, Lu Xun tried to reform the road of China literature by translating western works, so as to save and cure China people's mental illness. Therefore, the formation of China's new literature should start with translation rather than originality.

(2) Works translated by Lu Xun

Lu Xun's translations are mainly aimed at the national spirit and world knowledge. Don't flatter the masses? This is a problem that runs through his translation, and the main line of his translation thought is to revive China. A new life for his compatriots? . The reason why Lu Xun chose to translate foreign works is the need of the times and the full embodiment of Lu Xun's own patriotism.

From 65438 to 0905, after the Russian Revolution, Lu Xun actively supported the publishing work of up-and-coming stars who were enthusiastic about Soviet Russian literature and helped them set up a modern literary group, the Weiming Society. Lu Xun constantly translated the works of a large number of important Russian writers into China. His translations of "Dead Soul" and "Destruction" are among them. His translation of "The Theory of Moro Poetry" and "The Tomb" once again reiterated the ideal of reviving China. Lu Xun wrote:? Take today as an example. Among all poets, those who are determined to resist and point out their actions, but are not very happy in the world, are aware of this. ? 1907 Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren jointly translated Haggard and Langer's Red Star over China, and 1908 Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren jointly translated Lai's Poetics, both of which have strong ideals of reviving China. From 1907 to 1908, Lu Xun emphasized the spirit of the times, national spirit and world knowledge in his translation activities, turned to romantic personality and dared to undertake new independent behaviors. Lu Xun is familiar with many foreign languages, which makes his translation scope have a lot of room for expansion.

Second, Lu Xun's translation thoughts

As we all know, Yan Fu's translation standard? Shindaya? It is the most influential translation theory in modern times. His translation of Evolution, Lu Xun? I can recite several articles. Evolution did have a great influence on Lu Xun. After carefully studying Yan Fu's translation theory and the contents of his translated works, Mr. Lu Xun published dozens of monographic theoretical articles one after another according to his own research conclusions, the inherent characteristics of translation itself and his rich translation experience, expounding his many views and opinions on literary translation. He doesn't agree with Yan Fu? Letter? And then what? Da? Translation criteria.

Lu Xun was right? Da? Words have different views, he thought? Naturalization? What should be the translation of? Free translation? The articles translated by China people may be fluent, but they are no longer faithful to the original. Is that appearance is close to spirit. Strictly speaking, is it a translation? . He wrote: Is there an interpreter? Before you start writing, you have to solve a problem: do you try your best to naturalize it or try your best to preserve the foreign flavor? . What did Lu Xun say? Keep foreign style? , in fact? Letter? Is it reserved translation? Exotic? Save? The charm of the original? . His idea was recognized by later generations. Is it related to the translation standards in China? Loyalty? And then what? Did it go well? The meaning of ""is the same, which still has great influence and important practical significance on our current translation. What kind of blindness does Lu Xun object to? Naturalization? And then what? Da? Translation of. Lu Xun advocated? Literal translation? In order to be faithful to the original text, in his view, loyalty is the first, which fundamentally puts forward the standards and principles that translation should follow. So that people can feel it when reading? Exotic? And then what? The charm of the original? .

Third, Lu Xun's translation criteria

(1) Literal translation and hard translation

Literal translation mentioned by Mr. Lu Xun is also called hard translation. Lu Xun has been insisting on strict literal translation since the collection of foreign novels. He said? Hard translation? Namely. Translate sentence by sentence or even word by word? , that is, as close as possible to the original, as equivalent as possible literal translation. Generally speaking, Lu Xun does not advocate free translation. He thinks that if we attach importance to free translation, the input content may be out of shape, which will not help to further enrich the expression ability of Chinese. In the exploration of the development direction of Chinese, Lu Xun's translation emphasizes? Literal translation and hard translation? It emphasizes the absorption of western languages, and its translation language with obvious characteristics of western languages shows the limits of Chinese flexibility. Lu Xun advocated literal translation in order to introduce foreign ideas for reference and transform our language through translation. He draws lessons from western language resources and emphasizes the historical inheritance of Chinese itself. In order to better introduce advanced western culture into China, Lu Xun adopted? Hard translation? As a translation method, this method is loyal to the original and is regarded by Lu Xun as the basic method to approach the original literature. Mr. Lu Xun has always advocated? Translation? The approach should be broad and the selection of materials should not be too strict, but the criticism should be cautious. How did Lu Xun do it in order to make his works concise and rich in literariness? Hard translation? What is the basis of the proposal? Easy to solve? And then what? Toyoko? The concept of "translation" has perfected its translation theory system.

(2) Not trust.

? Believe is better than not believe? It is another translation proposition put forward by Mr. Lu Xun. For many years, translation circles in China have studied it from the perspective of translation, and the conclusions are mostly negative. ? Believe is better than not believe? It's not translation skills or translation standards, nor is it? Overkill? Or? Emotional? It is a rational cultural proposition, Lu Xun's cry for China's new cultural construction, and Lu Xun's reflection on his cultural outlook, which has nothing to do with him? Nazism? The idea is the same. This proposition surprised many scholars in the translation field and was criticized by many people. ? Believe is better than not believe? Instead of weakening Lu Xun? Cultural giant? Image, but make this image higher.

Lu Xun's pursuit of translation is obvious to all. He said: China's original grammar is not enough? China people should not only input new words from foreign languages, but also input new grammar. Through translation, Chinese can be improved. A different grammar? ,? Then you can keep it for yourself? . Based on this purpose, Lu Xun took pains to advocate literal translation word by word, and implemented literal translation word by word. What does Lu Xun think should be followed in terms of translation standards? Loyalty? And then what? Did it go well? The principle of. Lu Xun advocated it? Literal translation and hard translation? And then what? Believe is better than not believe? , is loyal to the original, or for Chinese input? New expression? . Now, for Lu Xun? Would rather believe it than translate it smoothly? Want it, too? Preserve foreign flavor? Many people are still wondering if this will cause some words? Not good? It is easy for readers to have many difficulties in understanding. In a word, it runs counter to Lu Xun's translation thought. Lu Xun said modestly in the translator's postscript to The Translation of Literature and Criticism that he called himself a translator. Hard translation? , is a kind of? Modesty? Statement, just like? Literal translation? This is just an alternative to saying. Lu Xun aimed at Liang Shiqiu? Do you understand? And then what? Shun? Translation method, ok? Would rather? Wrong? A little? , whether it is? Blink readers? what's up ****? Put forward fierce criticism, suddenly put forward? Believe is better than not believe? This kind? Emotional? The translation thought of.