Many people in all fields of society have written papers, with which we can discuss problems and conduct academic research. What kind of paper can be called an excellent paper? The following is my collection of literature retrieval in thesis writing. Welcome to read the collection.
Document retrieval in paper writing 1 where there is a document, there is a document retrieval. When people look for the information they need, literature retrieval comes into being. However, there are few retrievable objects in the early stage, so retrieval is an unconscious process. The early literature retrieval was mainly manual retrieval, and people carried out it by "thinking, turning and reading". With the development of society and the increase of literature, people gradually realize the necessity and importance of literature retrieval. Modern document retrieval is based on computer network technology and modern information technology, and has been gradually developed in the application of document retrieval.
I. Overview of Literature Retrieval
Literature is a carrier that records human knowledge by means of words, figures, symbols, audio and video, or is understood as knowledge solidified on a material carrier. It can also be understood as the floorboard of all social historical materials in ancient and modern times. Now it is usually understood as the sum of books, periodicals and other publications.
Literature is the most effective means of recording, accumulating, spreading and inheriting knowledge, the most basic and main source of information in human social activities, and the most basic means of information exchange and dissemination. According to the carrier, it can be divided into printing type, miniature type, machine-readable type and audio-visual type. According to the different publishing forms and contents, it can be divided into books, serial publications and special literature.
Electronic literature is a literature information resource that digitally stores pictures, characters, sounds, images and other information on magnetic, optical and media media, and records knowledge or artistic content through computers, networks or related equipment, including electronic books and periodicals, databases and electronic announcements.
Literature retrieval is the process of finding the needed literature from the literature information collection, which is equivalent to what people usually call information retrieval.
Second, the retrieval of paper documents
The retrieval of paper documents is generally divided into two types: direct retrieval and indirect retrieval. The purpose of direct document retrieval is to obtain the required documents. Therefore, sometimes you can get the required documents directly from newspapers and magazines by browsing, which is called direct retrieval. Convenient and quick, it is suitable for browsing new books and periodicals, and sometimes it is also a way to get the latest information, but at the same time it is restricted by various kinds and misses many related documents. Therefore, it can only be used as an auxiliary retrieval means.
Indirect literature retrieval is the process of using retrieval tools to find specific literature. This process is called indirect retrieval. You can systematically and comprehensively obtain literature information on related topics. What we need to master is this indirect retrieval method using retrieval tools. This is also the main way of literature retrieval. It can be roughly divided into the following five steps:
(1) Analyze the research topic and make clear the retrieval requirements: the first step of retrieval is to make clear the nature of the topic, the scope of discipline and specialty, the required literature type, the required language, the age limit and the keywords of the topic.
(2) Selection of retrieval tools: According to the requirements of the retrieval subject, select the retrieval tool or database that best meets the retrieval requirements. First of all, we should have a clear understanding of the subject range covered by various retrieval tools, and then consider which retrieval tool is the most suitable from the aspects of literature type, language type and publication time.
(3) Determine the retrieval strategy: After selecting a specific retrieval tool, we should consider selecting and determining the retrieval method, determining the specific retrieval point, whether to search from the classified way or the subject way, what requirements should be met by the literature to be searched, and what retrieval words to choose. , in order to carry out specific retrieval.
(4) Using retrieval tools: After determining the specific retrieval method, we should use the retrieval tools used to conduct specific retrieval in a certain period and within the scope of literature in order to obtain literature information. When searching manually, trade-offs can be analyzed at the same time to obtain documents that meet the requirements. (5) Obtain the original text: Finally, obtain the original text. If you can't find it in the collected literature, you can obtain the information collected by other units through various joint catalogues, and then obtain the original text through interlibrary loan or other means. In this way, the whole document retrieval process is completed.
There are three main methods for literature retrieval:
(1) Traceability method (also known as snowballing method): A method of tracing the original text one by one from near to far, and then searching the references attached to these original texts one by one to obtain a batch of related documents like snowballing. This is a simple way for researchers to obtain documents.
(2) Common method: Common method, also known as tool method, is a method of directly using various literature retrieval tools to find documents. Because there are many kinds of retrieval tools, comprehensive retrieval tools should be used first, and then professional retrieval tools should be used according to the characteristics of subject content. The combination of the two will not lead to the omission of literature. According to the time range, the commonly used methods are divided into sequential investigation, reverse investigation and spot check.
(3) Circular method: Circular method is also called subsection method, alternating method or comprehensive method, which is a combination of retrospective method and common method. It is to combine the retrospective method and the common method and use them alternately, give full play to their respective advantages, and use them alternately in stages and sections until satisfactory relevant documents are obtained. What method to choose for the retrieval of the actual subject depends on the specific situation: first, according to the needs of the subject research; Second, it depends on the available retrieval tools and means. In the case of abundant retrieval tools, common methods can be used; In the case of obtaining highly targeted documents, we can use backtracking method to obtain highly relevant documents; Spot checks can be used in years when there are many published documents on research topics.
Thirdly, the retrieval of electronic documents.
With the popularization of computer, database and Internet technology, electronic library and literature network service are becoming indispensable means for us to obtain literature and powerful assistants for study, work and scientific research. We should make good use of electronic documents and retrieval tools and master the retrieval methods and strategies of network information in order to obtain information.
The traditional book retrieval means and methods have limited effect on the retrieval of electronic information. Modern literature information can be obtained in digital form, such as e-books, electronic journals, dissertations, conference papers, patent documents, standard documents, audio-visual materials and multimedia materials. There are several ways to retrieve electronic documents:
(A) the network directory and search engine
There are countless internet literature retrieval tools, which can be divided into network directories and search engines according to whether they provide retrieval or not.
The online catalogue is an index of subject categories arranged according to the subject level. The category catalogue is organized according to a certain subject classification system, and the arrangement methods are alphabetical order, time order, place order, subject method and so on. Or a combination of various methods. Users browse the category catalog layer by layer, refine it step by step, find the appropriate category until the specific resources.
Search engine emphasizes its retrieval function, and can provide Boolean logic retrieval, phrase or proximity retrieval, fuzzy retrieval and natural language retrieval to query information. Various resources are indexed and provide search tools for searchers. The retrieval method based on search engine is close to the usual familiar retrieval method, that is, input the retrieval words and the logical relationship between the retrieval words, and then the retrieval software searches in the index database according to the input information to get the retrieval results and output them to users.
(2) Online Collection Catalogue
There are many bibliographic information and joint catalogue information of Chinese and foreign periodicals provided by many institutions on the Internet. This includes information provided by libraries and information institutions (continued on page 137).
(Continued from page 36), public online retrieval (OPAC) bibliography, joint catalogue of regional or industrial libraries, etc.
The National Library of China provides online retrieval of book catalogue, with 10 retrieval channels, such as book title, person in charge, publisher, keywords, standard book number, classification number, publishing place and publishing country. The National Higher Education Document Guarantee System (CALIS) provides the joint query of 6 1 university journals, bibliographies and dissertations.
(3) Network database
Network database includes comprehensive and professional periodical database, patent database and other information resources. This kind of information resources can be divided into commercial and non-commercial databases. These databases are professionally produced and maintained by specialized information institutions or companies, with high information quality and are often used in professional fields.
Non-commercial databases are also very attractive, because they can be used for free and users can get the information they need at a lower cost. For example, IBM's free patent literature database provides free retrieval of American patents. Users can search the contents of American patent specifications since 197 1, including patent document catalogue information and patent items, and browse the patent documents since 1974.
(4) Electronic publications
Due to the rapid spread of information on the Internet, more and more publishers pay attention to online newspaper distribution. At present, many publishing houses and information service intermediaries at home and abroad have set foot in the electronic publishing industry. Electronic publications include e-books, electronic periodicals and electronic newspapers.
(5) Reference books
Many online reference materials can be used free of charge, such as New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Encyclopedia Britannica, Chinese Dictionary, Directory of Schools or Enterprises, Statistics of China National Bureau of Statistics and other large reference books have been added to the Internet.
Literature retrieval and utilization runs through the whole process of paper writing: we often determine the general content of writing first; Secondly, determine the scope of literature collection according to this general content; Then read the main literature, and then determine the specific content of research writing; Finally, according to the specific content, the original documents were comprehensively searched, and the retrieved documents enriched the basis of thesis writing.
Literature retrieval in thesis writing II. The Significance of Literature Retrieval
The important role of literature retrieval in graduation thesis writing. Document retrieval is to quickly and accurately find out the information related to a specific scientific research topic from a large number of documents. Literature retrieval plays an irreplaceable role in college students' graduation thesis writing.
1. Literature retrieval is easy to inherit and learn from previous scientific research achievements and avoid repeated research.
It is an important prerequisite for scientific development to accumulate, inherit and learn from previous research results. Without inheritance and learning, there can be no innovation. The topic selection of graduation thesis is the same as that of scientific research and project establishment. We must grasp the dynamic progress of similar research at home and abroad through literature information retrieval or novelty retrieval technology, draw useful enlightenment or reference data from it, master a lot of relevant information, or obtain more and more valuable argumentation basis. As the British physicist Newton said, "standing on the shoulders of giants" means that scientific research should be familiar with other people's labor achievements, find the "starting point" of one's own research from the "end point" of previous research, get inspiration from the research methods and means used by previous people, broaden one's thinking, analyze the information occupied by research, and extract correct and distinctive views.
2. Literature retrieval helps to save the time for college students to find literature and improve the quality of graduation thesis.
The rapid growth of literature in the information age makes literature retrieval difficult. If we can flexibly use the skills of literature retrieval and shorten the retrieval time, we can extend the writing time of the paper. At the same time, the retrieval and utilization of literature information can provide theoretical basis and support for the viewpoint of graduation thesis. Through the analysis and comparison of literature information retrieval, college students can evaluate the quality from the aspects of innovation and scientific content, so as to improve the quality of papers.
3. Literature retrieval stimulates students' creative thinking and research ability.
Library literature is a summary of past knowledge and experience, and also a guide for future knowledge development. In the process of literature retrieval, the literature information related to the theme can easily stimulate and mobilize the potential knowledge and intelligence of college students, and get inspiration from it. Different viewpoints and methods can promote college students to think and analyze problems with divergent thinking, expand the depth and breadth of understanding, and then comprehensively obtain the literature information of related disciplines, and keep abreast of new problems, new theories and new viewpoints in the discipline field. The process of library literature information retrieval and utilization is the process of improving college students' scientific research ability.
Second, the ways and methods of literature retrieval
1. Analyze the research topic and determine the retrieval requirements.
Before the specific literature retrieval, we should first analyze the theme, grasp the essence and requirements of the theme, and master the theme concept and related things that represent the theme content. According to the subject keywords, select the corresponding retrieval tools, select the retrieval marks, and determine the retrieval methods. In this respect, natural science, engineering technology and humanities and social sciences have different retrieval contents and requirements.
2. Select the retrieval tool
At present, there are more than 2000 kinds of manual retrieval tools (book retrieval tools) in the world, as well as computer retrieval tools such as online retrieval, CD-ROM database retrieval and Internet network retrieval. When choosing retrieval tools, you can use the Guide to Retrieval Reference Books and various retrieval teaching materials to understand the collection of retrieval reference books. Combined with this topic, according to the situation of library literature collection, the method of combining manual retrieval with computer access is determined. Commonly used detection tools include the following:
Book detection tools: national newspaper index, duplicate newspaper materials, newspaper materials index, China social science literature bibliography, foreign social science papers index, etc.
CD-ROM databases: National Newspaper Index Database, China Academic Journals (CD-ROM Edition), Chinese Science Citation Database, China Sci-tech Journals Title Database, China Sci-tech Journals Title Database, etc.
Network resources: China Knowledge Network, China Journal Network, university library, etc.
3. Ways and methods of literature retrieval
Literature retrieval methods can be divided into three categories: common method, retrospective method and segmentation method. The common method is to use retrieval tools to find documents. There are three types. One is sequential search, that is, the method of searching documents from far to near in chronological order from the beginning of the retrieval topic. Secondly, backward search is a method of searching documents from near to far in reverse chronological order. The third is spot check, which refers to taking out a period of rapid discipline development and relatively concentrated published literature according to the characteristics of discipline development, and spot checking books, periodicals and databases in a certain year. Tracing method is a method of tracing and searching by using references attached to existing documents. A new bibliography is attached to the end of the original General Reference, which can be traced back as needed to obtain enough literature. When using these materials, we should pay special attention to the comprehensive literature, because these materials summarize a certain problem and can save time in searching and reading the original literature. The retrospective method is more suitable for college students who write papers for the first time. The subsection method is the alternate use of common method and tracing method, which is not only searched by reference books, but also traced by references attached to documents.
In addition, it is necessary to retrieve key materials and master core journals. Core journals are journals with high academic level and an important part of China's academic evaluation system. Mainly reflected in the measurement of the academic level of scientific research workers. For example, in a considerable number of teaching and research institutions, it is necessary to publish one or more papers in core journals to apply for senior titles, obtain the qualification for doctoral thesis defense, declare scientific research projects, and evaluate the academic level of scientific research institutions or institutions of higher learning. The core journals of a certain discipline (or a certain field) refer to the journals that publish more papers in this discipline (or this field), have high utilization rate (including citation rate, transfer rate and circulation rate) and have great academic influence. At present, there are seven core journals (or source journals) selection systems in China:
(1) "Peking University Core": The "Chinese Core Periodical" of Peking University Library, namely the Overview of Chinese Core Periodicals jointly edited and published by Peking University Library and Peking University Library Periodical Work Research Association, is revised every four years. At present, it is version 20 12;
(2) "Nantah Core": Nanjing University's Source Journal of China Social Science Citation Index (CSSCI);
(3) Statistical Source Journal of China Sci-tech Papers by China Institute of Sci-tech Information (also known as China Sci-tech Core Journal);
(4) China Core Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Document Information Center of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;
(5) Source periodical of China Science Citation Database (CSCD) of Information Center of China Academy of Sciences;
(6) Journal of China Humanities and Social Sciences Society "China Core Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences";
(7) "Selected Database of China Core Journals" by Wan Fang Data Corporation.
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