In order to cope with climate change and compete for green and sustainable development, countries all over the world are working together to actively promote the dual-carbon strategy.
In 2020, the China Municipal Government solemnly promised to the international community that China's carbon dioxide emissions would peak in 2030 and be carbon neutral in 2060. By 2030, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by more than 65% compared with 2005. "Doing a good job of carbon dioxide peak emission and carbon neutrality" is listed as one of the key tasks in 20021,and the Tenth Five-Year Plan also includes accelerating the development of green and low carbon.
The industrialization of the United States, Europe, Japan and South Korea started early, high-energy industries moved abroad, the proportion of low-pollution clean energy was high, the carbon absorption and storage technology was advanced, and the mature and complete carbon trading market took the lead in achieving the peak of carbon dioxide emissions. Russia, Canada and Brazil are resource-based countries with weak industries, and carbon dioxide emissions can easily reach the peak.
China is still a developing country, which is in the stage of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization. The coal-based energy system and high-carbon industrial structure account for more than 27% of global carbon emissions, and the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions are both high. It takes less than ten years for China to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions, and only 30 years for it to be carbon neutral, so the task of reducing carbon is very arduous.
Second, the communication industry has a long way to go to reduce carbon emissions.
The "Double Carbon Strategy" has accelerated China's road to emission reduction and decarbonization, and put forward emission reduction requirements for energy-intensive industries, among which the communication industry needs to reduce emissions by 45% from 2020 to 2030 according to the Paris Agreement.
With the growth of communication services, the energy consumption of domestic operators is increasing year by year, and the large-scale deployment of wireless communication networks makes the communication industry face greater energy consumption challenges. In the carbon emission structure of communication industry, more than 70% comes from wireless access network, accounting for the highest proportion.
With the social and economic development, technological progress and application requirements, * * * promotes 5G to provide higher access rate and greater transmission traffic. Reducing power consumption and cost, saving energy and improving efficiency are the same demands of the entire 5G industrial chain.
Third, ZTE's green innovation and intelligent development will help carbon neutrality.
With the growth of communication services, the energy consumption of major domestic operators is increasing year by year, and the large-scale deployment of 5G makes the communication industry face greater energy consumption challenges. Aiming at the * * * demand of reducing power consumption and cost, saving energy and increasing efficiency in the whole industry, ZTE puts forward the innovative concept of "simplicity, innovation, accuracy and efficiency" to help operators build green and low-carbon networks, so that tens of millions of industries can save energy, reduce emissions, improve quality and increase efficiency.
3. 1 to simplicity: simplify the network architecture and refine the spectrum operation.
Effective integration, accurate planning and construction of network architecture can effectively reduce carbon emissions and achieve accurate matching between investment and construction. At present, the construction of * * * has become the main theme of the current network construction of operators. Construction of * * * can improve spectrum utilization, reduce repeated investment in network construction and reduce social energy consumption. Effectively achieve 5G network coverage and quickly form 5G service capabilities. Save electricity and help realize green 5G. ZTE fully supports and helps China to build the world's largest * * * * * 5G network. By June, 20021year, China Telecom and China Unicom had built more than 400,000 5G base stations, saving more than 654.38 billion yuan in construction funds and 654.38 billion kWh in base station electricity consumption.
In order to continuously benefit from spectrum utilization and achieve carbon reduction, ZTE actively promoted the subsequent evolution of SA, introduced new technologies such as carrier aggregation, dynamic spectrum sharing, TDD and FDD collaboration, and completed the first commercial verification of Time-Frequency Double Aggregation (FAST) in Shenzhen. FAST technology maximizes the spectrum advantage. 202 1, ZTE was the first in the industry to release the first wireless intelligent choreography network, and realized the dynamic maximization of spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency per bit through the intelligent choreography engine.
In the transmission network, ZTE's all-optical minimalist network is a low-carbon and environmentally-friendly basic network connection mode because of its characteristics of large bandwidth, low delay, low power consumption and anti-interference. It reduces energy consumption through innovative all-optical crossover (OXC) and other technologies, and builds a green and energy-saving ultra-high-speed bearing network.
3.2 To the new: new equipment, new materials and new energy.
ZTE is the core supplier of wireless system equipment in the world, delivering hundreds of thousands of base stations every year. Small emission reduction measures on each base station will build a tower, which will bring considerable value.
In terms of emission reduction of 5G equipment, ZTE pays attention to continuous innovation and upgrading of new power amplifiers, new materials and new processes to ensure the best energy efficiency. 5G power amplifier is the core equipment of base station. By using GaN+ technology and improving hardware algorithm, the efficiency of power amplifier can reach more than 55%. In terms of new technology and new materials, the heat conduction and heat dissipation performance of AAU are optimized and the weight is reduced. The innovative V-shaped bionic heat dissipation teeth combined with new materials and ultra-light structure improve the heat dissipation efficiency by 20%. The core router adopts two-phase liquid cooling scheme, which improves the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the equipment by 2.5 times, reduces the noise by 80% and reduces the energy consumption by 30%.
At the same time, ZTE put forward a diversified and minimalist site scheme, and put forward the transformation of construction mode from distributed to centralized, from geometric superposition to logical integration, such as changing the computer room into a cabinet, changing the polar station of the cabinet into green electricity and other specific measures to reduce the rental cost of the computer room, reduce electricity expenses and achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions by 25-30%.
With the concept of "green, efficient, intelligent and reliable", ZTE proposes a brand-new "zero-carbon" energy network, deeply cultivates key technologies such as "smart photovoltaic, intelligent conversion, intelligent lithium battery, intelligent power distribution and intelligent temperature control", and provides high-quality low-carbon life energy solutions to customers all over the world, leading the digital and intelligent transformation of traditional network energy infrastructure and helping the world from power generation to power consumption. In Qamdo, Ali and Shigatse areas of Tibet, China, the scheme makes full use of solar energy resources, overcomes adverse environmental impacts such as no commercial power, high altitude and large temperature difference between day and night, promotes the development of tourism economy and ecological protection in Tibetan areas, and realizes the large-scale application of renewable energy in a green and low-carbon economy.
3.3 Exquisite: careful calculation, graded intelligence and energy saving.
With the increasing popularity of big data technology, AI has penetrated into all aspects of wireless network planning, construction, operation and maintenance. In terms of energy conservation and emission reduction, AI can achieve multi-level and multi-level energy-saving intelligence and ensure the best network energy efficiency.
ZTE wireless network PowerPilot intelligent power saving solution can realize intelligent power saving based on traffic and service. Intelligent energy-saving based on traffic can accurately adjust the energy-saving parameters of the whole network, realize the self-configuration of energy-saving strategy, the self-adjustment of parameter threshold and the self-optimization of KPI rollback, and effectively balance the network performance and energy-saving effect. Service-based intelligent power saving makes use of the energy efficiency differences of different service types, intelligently evaluates the service demand and navigates to the high energy efficiency ratio network in real time under the premise of ensuring the user experience, so as to achieve the best energy efficiency of the whole network.
Based on the multi-layer AI platform, ZTE PowerPilot solution can not only realize the real-time energy-saving strategy arrangement within the station, but also realize the coordinated phased energy-saving strategy arrangement between stations, and optimize the real-time, network performance and user experience. According to the calculation of typical network configuration, compared with the intelligent power saving scheme usually adopted at present, PowerPilot can achieve twice the energy saving effect and effectively reduce the OPEX expenditure of operators. At present, the plan has been carried out in many cities across the country. For example, Xi' an, the energy saving ratio of the whole scene exceeds 20%; In Tianjin, it helps operators to save more than 4 million kWh of electricity a year, which is equivalent to reducing carbon emissions by more than 2,000 tons.
3.4 Zhihui: Green 5G Pratt & Whitney saves energy and reduces consumption.
In view of the fragmentation demand of 5G network to support applications in various industries, ZTE launched a 5G precision cloud network solution to empower digital intelligence in the industry and achieve high efficiency and consumption reduction.
Together with its partners, ZTE has carried out 5G+ innovative green practices in steel, metallurgy, electronics manufacturing, ports, rail transit, mining, electric power, media, cultural tourism and other industries 15, and implemented more than 60 demonstration projects around the world. For example, Yunnan Shenhuo 5G+ Smart Factory (Park) National Benchmarking Project has built a national first-class green hydropower aluminum smart factory, which reduces power consumption per ton of aluminum by 1 ~ 2% and saves costs by more than 20 million/year. In Austria, ZTE cooperated with Hutchison Whampoa in Austria to carry out the research and pilot of 5G Bee-o-Meter, using 5G and visual analysis technology to improve the living environment of bees and protect the ecology.
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ZTE is committed to sustainable development, actively participates in global 5G construction, and helps operators to build a basic network with minimal integration, excellent performance and extreme efficiency. According to reports from external organizations, ZTE ranked the top two in the world in the shipment of 5G base stations in the first half of 200210, and completed the delivery of 300,000 5G base stations in China market alone, becoming a key supplier of 5G scale commercialization.
ZTE actively implements the dual-carbon strategy to help operators build an end-to-end green and low-carbon network and continuously empower vertical industries to save energy and reduce emissions. At present, ZTE has laid out more than 500 innovative patents on green 5G, using technology to increase efficiency and reduce consumption, and working with operators to build a green power grid. In the future, we will continue to increase the basic research on new energy, new materials and new devices, achieve breakthroughs in key technologies, lay a solid technical foundation for green 5G, increase the depth and breadth of the integration of 5G and traditional high-energy industries, and make contributions to improving quality and efficiency, saving energy and reducing consumption for various industries, and help realize the national double-carbon goal.
(The author is Zhang Wanchun, Senior Vice President of ZTE)