1. Narrative: It is required to describe the process, experience, time, place, people, event, cause and result of the event.
2. Description: Describe the physical characteristics, emotional reactions, psychological activities and external environment of the characters. , in a certain order, such as spatial order.
3. Explanatory text: Explain the nature, structure and formation of objective things, and often use methods such as definition, example, classification and comparison.
4. Argumentative essay: It is required to discuss things and express opinions, with three elements: argument, argument and argumentation. It requires the author to express his views clearly and then prove them with sufficient arguments. Argumentative writing should be logical.
Through human thinking and language organization, a narrative method of expressing a theme through words. Composition is divided into primary school composition, middle school composition and college composition (thesis).
Extended data:
Six elements of composition: time, place, person, reason, process and result.
Writing method:
1, determine the center and write the profound meaning. We should try our best to dig out the philosophy of life contained in the written events or find out its bright spots, think repeatedly and determine the central idea of the article. Is that he is good at writing profound meanings from ordinary little things.
2. The six elements of the article should be explained clearly. The occurrence of a thing can not be separated from six aspects: time, place, people, cause, process and result of the thing, which is the so-called "six elements". Only by explaining these aspects clearly can readers have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the things described.
3. Speak methodically and clearly. Arrange the materials in a reasonable order according to the time. There are three kinds of general narration: direct narration, flashback and interpolation.
4, detailed properly, highlight the key points. The materials of general events are divided into primary and secondary, which can reflect the center of the article. This part should be written in detail, and the secondary content can be slightly written or not, which will leave a deep impression on readers.
5. Make things concrete. Whether you can make things specific depends on whether you are good at describing things layer by layer, that is, dividing things into several stages and writing out the development and changes of things in these stages. Only in this way can the content of the article be concrete and vivid.
6, rendering environment, vivid and touching. Everything can't happen and develop without the environment. Grasping the characteristics of the environment to write will render the atmosphere, express feelings and make the article more vivid and touching.
Sogou encyclopedia-composition
2. What style of composition should be written in the senior high school entrance examination to write people's articles? You must first determine the characteristics of this person and what you want to write about him.
For example. For example, you want to write about a good friend of yours.
Write that he is very enthusiastic and loves to help others, so think of some examples first, such as how to help the children next door, how to help you and your classmates, how to help the old man who is about to cross the road on the way, and so on. Remember! Examples are a good way, which can not only enrich your articles, but also give people an empty feeling and increase the number of words instantly.
Write in detail, write one thing in detail, and then write a few things briefly. Just use the most pleasing structure-the total score.
Grasp the composition of primary school students in general. First, improve the ability to understand and express things. Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator in China, pointed out: "Writing anything depends on knowledge and experience. What kind of knowledge and experience can make you write something.
On the other hand, if you have no ability to express your understanding, you can't write a good composition. "Second, take the cognitive structure as the core of the composition, including learning knowledge, observing accumulation, memory storage, training thinking, enriching imagination, cultivating emotion and exercising will; From talking about writing, scrutinizing and revising, reading more books and writing more.
Third, establish the concept of big composition and combine listening, speaking, reading and writing organically. The second is to make clear the purpose of writing and be innovative; Third, the selection of materials should be based on evidence; Fourth, we should pay attention to writing skills and arrange the structure of the article; Fifth, we should pay attention to the segmentation of the article and list the subheadings and composition outlines in advance; Sixth, we should pay attention to the writing and usage of the article; Seventh, we should use language skillfully and use thought to schedule language. Learn five ways to conceive: praise people with things, express their feelings directly, reason with things, touch the scene and express their feelings with things.
Fourth, the composition goal is decomposed year by year: first-level words, second-level sentences, third-level fragments, fourth-level chapters, fifth-level synthesis and sixth-level improvement. V. Implementing Five Trainings According to the principle that cognition is the core of composition, around the core of developing students' psychological mechanism, five trainings have been carried out in a down-to-earth manner: (1) Word training.
Learn to master many words. Master the golden key to using words: contact with things you are familiar with; Contact your own life reality; Contact your knowledge of language and writing.
Use the method of "ten quotations" to combine word learning with oral training. The "Top Ten Quotations" are: 1, analyzing glyphs; 2. Use teaching AIDS; 3. Look at the pictures and learn words; 4. Word formation and expansion; 5. Choose words to fill in the blanks; 6. collocation of words; 7. Adjust the word order; 8. Words used to move the scene; 9. Word classification; 10, conjunctions into sentences.
Enrich the content of oral training, so that I can accumulate a large number of words that I can speak and use, and lay a solid foundation for writing. (2) Sentence training.
As long as it is a sentence, it includes two aspects: one is about people, things, things and scenery, and the other is about purpose. However, some teachers do not use pictures and things to seriously teach students the methods of observation, understanding, analysis and expression when instructing students to say a sentence. They just take out a picture or something for students to say and write a sentence. Students don't know why to say and write a sentence, how to say and write a sentence, and what sentence patterns to say and write, which leads to a single, dull and lifeless composition tone.
Students can be taught to speak and write a sentence with four complete elements, four sentence patterns and nine sentence patterns, according to pictures, things, dialogues and exercises. Students will use different sentence patterns and sentence patterns to express different thoughts, feelings, attitudes and purposes in their compositions.
(3) Paragraph training. Combination of eight segments: the development of things is a sequential segment, time is a sequential segment, and spatial transformation is a sequential segment, a general and substructure segment, a causal segment, a turning segment, a progressive segment, and a parallel segment.
In order to understand the law of occurrence and development of objective things. No matter what kind of paragraph, it describes the development of things and people's understanding of things, that is, the content and the center of the paragraph.
Like a sentence, it is also a description of people, things, things and scenery, and it also expresses a meaning. Just to make a sentence clearer and deeper.
(4) Text training. A chapter consists of paragraphs.
Through the knowledge and methods of examining topics, making ideas, selecting materials, planning articles, defining methods and terms, through the four expression methods of narration, description, lyricism and discussion, the methods of beginning and end of articles, transition and echo, and the knowledge and methods of various article genres. Learn to write narrative and practical articles with clear center, complete meaning and appropriate details.
(5), life on-site training. Use on-site training to better understand writing from the content.
Through various composition teaching activities such as "centering", "selecting materials", "composition consultation meeting", "Xiao Zhuge grade examination meeting" and "wonderful word competition meeting", we can learn composition knowledge and writing methods vividly and concretely from the activities. In addition, you can also carry out various activities inside and outside the school, such as skipping rope, tug-of-war, kicking shuttlecock, ball games, endorsement competitions, etc., and learn how to write competition compositions; Carry out voluntary labor inside and outside the school and learn how to write labor scenes; Hold poetry recitals and lectures to learn how to write conference scenes and experiences; Learn how to write travel notes and travel notes by visiting and browsing places of interest.
Learn to observe methods and pay attention to things around you. "Pay attention to everything and you will learn. The cultivation of human feelings is the article." Through on-site life composition, I further realized that life is fertile ground for composition.
So as to learn to describe things, express true feelings, cultivate the sentiments of truth, goodness and beauty, and cultivate a good style of writing. Implement "mutual evaluation and mutual reform" to cultivate students' thinking independence and creativity.
After students write their compositions, organize group comments. Learn the advantages of other people's compositions first, and then point out the shortcomings in their own compositions with critical eyes and suggestions for improvement.
Rewrite on this basis, so that students can learn something from each article they write. Writing an honest self "writing an honest self" is what the old educator Mr. Ye Shengtao said.
It aims to create a colorful "independent" composition world. The so-called "autonomy" means that students are free to think and write without being restricted by rules and regulations.
"Independent" composition means "speaking from the heart", acting spontaneously, showing self-style, and embodying distinctive personality. We should break away from the old composition teaching method, let students write in an "independent" state, get rid of affectation and imitation, and give them fresh imagination and rich creativity.
3. What kinds of writing styles are there? They are narrative, argumentative, explanatory and practical.
The genre of the article includes narrative, expository, argumentative and practical. Style is divided into article genre and literary genre. Among them, literary genres include poetry, novel, drama and prose.
Style refers to an independent text genre (or style, system), a norm and mode of text composition, a unique cultural phenomenon and a product of long-term accumulation of certain historical content. It reflects the overall characteristics of the text from content to form and belongs to the category of form. In addition, style is also a general term for entertainment and sports.
Extended data:
Rhetorical methods commonly used in style;
1, metaphor: vividly wrote the * * characteristics of things; When it is used in argumentative writing, it can concretize abstract truth and make abstruse truth easy to understand.
2. personification (making things have human demeanor, movements, language, psychology, etc. ): Its function is to make the written "things" vivid, vivid and rich in meaning.
3. Exaggeration: reveal the essence of things, set off the atmosphere, strengthen the rendering power, and arouse readers' strong * * *.
Parallelism: it can enhance the momentum of language. Accustomed to reasoning, can explain the truth more closely and thoroughly;
Sogou encyclopedia-article type
4. There are several styles, including narrative, explanatory, practical and argumentative.
(1) Narrative: It is a style with narrative and description as its main forms and characters, narrative, scenery and things as its main contents.
1, the classification of narrative
(1) In terms of content and expression:
(1) a simple narrative.
② Complex narrative.
(2) From the perspective of different writing objects:
(1) write a narrative.
(2) Narrative narrative.
(3) Narrative based on landscape writing.
(4) Narrative mainly tells things.
(2) Explanatory text: a style that takes explanation as the main expression and is used to introduce or explain the state, nature, structure, function, production method, development process, reasons, merits and demerits of things.
1, classification of descriptive text
From description object (content):
(1) Description of physical things.
(2) explanation.
(3) scientific essays.
From the perspective of language expression:
(1) Simple explanation.
(2) literature expository.
2, the characteristics of the text:
(1) is very scientific in content.
(2) The structure is clear and organized.
(3) There is strict accuracy in language.
③ Practical writing:
Practical writing is a practical style that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study, and has a certain format, short length, simplicity and popularity.
1, types of practical writing:
(1) letters:
General letters and special letters (thank you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, letter of introduction, open letter, confirmation letter, application, proposal, proposal,
Invitation letter), telegram, remittance.
(2) Precautions:
Diary, reading notes.
(3) Official documents:
There are thirteen orders, decisions, announcements, circulars, notices, circulars, motions, reports, requests for instructions, replies, opinions, letters and minutes of meetings.
(4) Propaganda category:
Advertising draft, speech draft, blackboard newspaper, news, newsletter, product manual.
(5) notification category:
Apocalypse poster.
(6) Etiquette:
Invitation, congratulatory letter (congratulatory letter, telegram), condolence letter.
(7) contract:
Articles (receipts, IOUs, receipts, IOUs, leave notes, messages, etc.). ), contracts (agreements) and conventions.
(8) Chronicle:
Biography, local chronicles, family history (school history, village history).
④ Argumentative paper:
Argumentative writing is a common style that takes argumentation as the main way and directly expresses the author's views and opinions through facts and reasoning.
(1), the classification of argumentative papers:
By content use:
(1) general political papers.
Two comments.
Prose (essays, essays, notes).
4 after reading.
According to the way of argument:
(1) Do a paper.
2 refute the paper.
5. What narrative is mainly narrative, but there are often descriptions, lyricism and arguments, and it is impossible to have a clear division.
This is a style with flexible form and diverse writing style as much as possible. Narrative is a style with narration as its main form and description of characters experience and the development and changes of things as its main content.
Explanatory writing is an article genre that takes explanation as the main expression and gives people knowledge by explaining things and clarifying things. It explains the characteristics, essence and regularity of things by revealing concepts.
The characteristic of expository writing is "saying", which has certain knowledge. This kind of knowledge, whether it comes from relevant scientific research materials or from personal practice, investigation and investigation, is strictly scientific.
If we want to make things clear, we must grasp the characteristics of things and then reveal the essential attributes of things, that is, we must explain not only "what" but also "why". Generally speaking, the application of explanatory text only needs to explain the characteristics of things, and explanatory text must reveal the origin and essence of the problem.
Explanatory writing is a style that objectively explains things, with the purpose of giving people knowledge: or explaining the state, nature and function of things, or clarifying things. Chinese stone arch bridge belongs to the former. Taking Zhao Zhouqiao and Lugou Bridge as examples, the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges are illustrated, which are not only beautiful in shape, but also firm in structure.
Language of Nature belongs to the latter, and the article scientifically explains the knowledge of phenology. Explaining the characteristics of things and clarifying things are two types of expository writing.
In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, or to explain things clearly, there must be appropriate interpretation methods. Common explanation methods include giving examples, classifying, enumerating data, comparing, drawing charts, defining, explaining, making metaphors, imitating appearances and so on.
The best method should be chosen according to the object of explanation and the purpose of writing. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom to choose.
Whether to adopt a certain interpretation method or a variety of interpretation methods, whether to adopt this interpretation method or that interpretation method, can be flexible, not fixed. The instructions should be in order, which is a necessary condition to make the contents of the instructions orderly.
The common order of interpretation is: chronological order, spatial order, logical order. The chronological order of description is similar to that of narration.
Spatial order, we should pay special attention to the location of space, pay attention to the location and direction of things, such as inside and outside, size, up and down, front and back, left and right, southeast and northwest. Logical order, usually expressed by reasoning process.
What order is adopted mainly depends on the characteristics of the objects expounded by the author. Explain the development and changes of things, and the time sequence is easy to express clearly.
It is difficult for readers to understand the structure of buildings without spatial order. Explain things in logical order, so as to reflect the internal relations of things.
The accuracy and scientificity of explanatory language is the premise of explanatory language. Time, space, quantity, scope, degree, characteristics, nature, procedures, etc. All require accuracy.
The explanation is practical. A slight mistake is a drop in the bucket. On the premise of accuracy, the explanation language is famous for its simplicity and vividness.
Because of the different language styles of the object and the author, the language of explanation is also varied: either general or specific; Or concise, or plump; Or concise, or detailed; Or plain and simple, or humorous, in short, eclectic. Reading discourse and writing discourse can be linked.
The four points mentioned above should be grasped, and attention should be paid to reading and writing, but the requirements should be in line with the students' reality. Argumentative writing is a style that analyzes and comments on a certain issue or thing and shows one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions.
Argumentative writing has three elements, namely argument, argument and argument. The basic requirements of an argumentative essay are: correct viewpoints, serious generalization, practical significance, and proper comprehensive use of various expressions; The basic requirements of argumentation are: true and reliable, fully typical; The basic requirement of argument is that reasoning must be logical.
When writing an argumentative essay, you should consider the argument, what to use as an argument to prove it, how to demonstrate it, and then draw a conclusion. You can put forward a general argument first, then discuss it separately, analyze each sub-argument, and finally draw a conclusion; You can also quote a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene first, and then analyze the facts layer by layer and draw new conclusions.
This way of writing is called total score, which is commonly used by middle school students. You can also ask a question that everyone cares about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, step by step, which is a difficult way to write.
It also requires the author to compare two different things in the opposite way, and then draw a conclusion, which is comparative writing. Argumentative writing is a style that uses logic, reasoning and proof to explain the author's position and viewpoint.
This kind of article either puts forward some views and opinions from the front, or refutes other people's wrong views. Comments in newspapers, essays or feelings in daily life all belong to the category of argumentative essays.
Argumentative writing, also called argumentative writing, is a style of analyzing things, discussing things, expressing opinions and putting forward opinions. By stating facts, reasoning and distinguishing right from wrong, the author can determine whether his point of view is right or wrong, and establish or deny a proposition.
Argumentative writing should have clear thinking, sufficient arguments, concise language, reasonable arguments and strict logic. The three elements of argumentative writing explain in detail the three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument, argument: it is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed and the soul of argumentative writing.
1. Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, and some argumentative essays also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. Sub-arguments are used to supplement or prove the central argument. As long as we study the relationship between these arguments, we can distinguish between master and slave. 2. How to find the central argument?
Argument should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's point of view, and a complete sentence in form. Location can be divided into: article title, article beginning, article end, article middle, and some need to be summarized by readers.