A Brief Analysis of College Students' Morality —— A Probe into the Path of Cultivating College Students' Moral Ability
Abstract: The cultivation of college students' moral ability is an important part of ideological and political education in colleges and universities. In the current social environment, the improvement of moral ability is an inevitable requirement for college students to resist the negative influence of social factors such as moral confusion and moral nihilism, and it is also an internal supporting force for college students to get out of the dilemma of value diversification and make correct moral choices.
Keywords: college students; Moral ability; path
China Library Classification Number: G64 1 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1002-4107 (2013)12-0074-02.
First, the connotation and significance of moral ability
The so-called moral ability refers to people's ability to distinguish truth, goodness and falsehood in their own moral practice according to the known moral principles or norms in social life, so as to make reasonable moral judgments and moral choices for certain events and people. Moral ability is the ethical embodiment of human nature, the synthesis of various moral qualities, and an important condition for people to form good moral qualities. The cultivation and shaping of college students' good moral quality is the basic content of college students' ideological and political education. Therefore, one of the important tasks of ideological and political education in contemporary colleges and universities is to cultivate students' moral ability.
At present, China society is undergoing rapid changes. Compared with the previous social situation, with the establishment and continuous improvement of market economy and the influx of foreign cultures, online life has become an important part of college students' daily life. Our young college students have been influenced by some negative factors in social life while increasing their knowledge, broadening their horizons and understanding the society. For example, among some college students, there are serious lack of moral ideals, dislocation of moral concepts, anomie of moral choice and moral behavior, and some students even slide into the abyss of illegal crimes. The emergence of these new situations and problems poses a severe challenge to the ideological and political education and moral education of college students. How to help college students get rid of the moral confusion brought about by the great social changes? How to get college students out of the current moral dilemma? One of the most important points is that in our ideological and political education, we should pay attention to cultivating college students' moral ability, so that they can improve their ability to distinguish moral right from wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, and know honor and shame in the ever-changing social environment. This is an important content of ideological and moral education for college students.
Second, the necessity of cultivating college students' moral ability
Moral ability education is a realistic need for contemporary college students to cope with social changes and value diversification. Today, China is in an important historical period of reform and development. To further develop contemporary China, we must take the road of China, carry forward the spirit of China and unite China's strength. In the first 30 years of reform and opening up, China's market economy developed rapidly. This seemingly time-space reversal compression development and change presents the problems of history and reality, society and individual, choice and confusion, rationality and emotion in China's social transformation almost at the same time. What about now? Economic globalization? In the new wave, a series of problems such as cultural pluralism or monism, tradition or modernity make our society face more severe challenges. In this environment, people face the mutual agitation of global values and moral culture in their own moral life and think that it has no influence on personal attitudes and values, which is a naive idea.
It is an indisputable fact that people's moral level has generally declined in current social life, and moral education and moral norms have lost their due prestige and role. This is manifested in the following aspects: on the one hand, in the drastic changes of society, mainstream moral beliefs and norms have been impacted to varying degrees, and with the development of economy and society and the change of people's lifestyle, some new moral concepts have emerged; On the other hand, people's understanding of new moral concepts and new moral laws that adapt to social development is difficult to be finally established, so it is impossible to play the due value of new moral concepts; In addition, some decadent moral consciousness in China's traditional ethics has not completely withdrawn from the historical stage, which makes people feel that moral norms seem dispensable, and their value is pale and powerless in real life.
But at the same time, the development of market economy undoubtedly provides people with more moral space than before. For example, with the continuous expansion of people's activities, China people's horizons are constantly expanding again and again.
People's moral life style has also changed to some extent. For example, people's cognition of morality has changed from the initial morality? Self-denial? Then turning to morality should ensure that people should live more freely; Moral standards have changed from almost strict to more relaxed and inclusive, and moral values are diversified. However, another aspect of this phenomenon is that when people have more free space and more moral choices, moral confusion also arises, that is, how to make a reasonable choice among various moral choices.
The correct moral choice comes from the correct moral judgment of the moral subject, and the correct moral judgment comes from the correct moral cognition. All reflect whether the subject has moral ability. Young college students are the future of the motherland and shoulder the historical mission of building the motherland and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. They should not only learn all kinds of scientific and cultural professional knowledge in school, but also learn to distinguish truth, goodness, beauty and ugliness in this turbulent society, improve their moral ability, and cultivate their moral ability for building a harmonious socialist society, for their own happiness and for the promotion of life realm.
Third, the cultivation path of college students' moral ability
Since the cultivation and education of college students' moral ability is the objective requirement for college students to improve their own quality and undertake the historical mission, how to carry out this education in ideological and political education?
First of all, cultivate college students' complete moral consciousness. Moral consciousness is what people usually call the cognition of good and evil. Generally speaking, the cognitive ability of good and evil in the consciousness of moral subject is related to the age, knowledge and social experience of moral subject. At present, the students who enter the university already have certain moral cognition and moral quality, but their outlook on life, values and morality is still not stable. Especially in the face of complex social environment and the choice between good and evil, it will appear vacillating. This is mainly because the concept of good and evil is not very clear. Therefore, the first thing to emphasize here is to strengthen the systematic study of morality and ethics and learn to distinguish truth, goodness, beauty and ugliness. Like human nature, it is neither? At the beginning of life, human nature is good; ? Not born? People like wolves? . Human nature is the product of society. First of all, we should study the general nature of human beings, and then we should study the human nature of historical changes in each era. ? [1] We should treat moral phenomena from the perspective of historical materialism, distinguish right from wrong, clarify right from wrong, and improve students' moral ability from a cognitive perspective through relevant education of history and reality.
Secondly, guide college students to learn to make correct moral choices in moral practice. Moral choice is the free choice of moral subject in practice. As we all know, the so-called choice is to choose one of several possibilities that exist objectively; If a person has no choice, it means that he is forced to act, which means that he has no moral ability. Of course, people can only carry out activities under certain conditions. As Marx and Engels said, if he wants to make a choice, he will always do it in his life, among some things that are definitely not caused by his loneliness? [2]。 Therefore, from this perspective, moral choice is essentially the unity of freedom and restriction, that is, moral subjects realize moral choice in grasping the relationship between freedom of will and external inevitability.
Here, on the one hand, it is necessary to educate students that people have no choice in their own lives and everything is predetermined, which will inevitably lead them to give up their conscious compliance with morality and thus lose their moral beliefs; On the other hand, we should also educate them that even if people have the freedom to choose according to their own will, this choice is not absolutely free, because the so-called freedom is realized under a series of conditions that are not free. Although compared with the past, people now have a relaxed moral living space and a relatively free range of moral choices, for those fledgling college students, the freedom and choice given by the environment is not so much a moral gospel as a moral trap. Influenced by negative social life, some students oppose any related moral constraints, advocate letting themselves drift, treat moral norms and ideals advocated in cultural traditions with nihilistic attitude, and deconstruct moral significance. This tendency leads to immoral phenomena, such as things with clear principles of right and wrong and good and evil nature, which are regarded as personal things and purely belong to personal freedom of choice. Therefore, cultivating college students' moral ability is an objective requirement to resist all kinds of negative moral influences at present. For social life, morality is a tradition, a custom, a definite norm and a principle without choice; For individuals, morality is a personal habit, a personal choice, and even a personal preference. They must be made to understand that they should choose the moral rules that must be followed according to the inevitable laws of social life and moral norms, and gain the freedom of the subject in the restriction of learning.
Finally, strengthening college students' self-awareness and compliance with moral norms should come from the education of college students' own moral cultivation. As a social norm, the most fundamental difference between morality and legal norms is that morality is a norm that requires moral subjects to consciously abide by. People are not only willing to abide by it in their own moral practice, but also feel a sense of pleasure and even happiness in the process of respecting it. When it comes to moral cultivation, people seem to pay more attention to understanding a kind of self-transformation and self-tempering as a moral subject. But even this is more inclined? Self? Moral practice should also guide young students from the perspective of education. China's traditional culture has always attached importance to moral cultivation, and Confucius also emphasized it? Cultivate one's morality to secure the world? . As a highly conscious activity, moral cultivation is unique in that it is the inner reflection and self-improvement of the subject on this basis. In this process, it may be a difficult and tortuous process of spiritual purification and enrichment as democritus said. It is embarrassing to struggle with your heart, but the victory of this struggle marks that you are a thoughtful person. ? [3] Without such hardships, the promotion of the subject's moral ability may be empty talk. In our ideological and moral education, we should repeatedly emphasize the importance and necessity of self-cultivation to young students, especially when external information explodes, we should keep ourselves calm and stick to our spiritual home instead of losing ourselves in numerous temptations.
In a word, in the great social change, the moral crisis and moral status quo presented in reality put forward higher requirements for the cultivation of moral ability of college students' ideological and political education. In order for them to learn to make reasonable moral choices in moral dilemmas, first of all, it is an important task for college educators to cultivate college students' moral ability. Because without the improvement of students' moral cognition, moral choice and moral ability, there will be no harmonious campus and no talents with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique. Therefore, we should strengthen the education of students' moral ability in ideological and political education, so that students can face the complicated social life with their own moral knowledge and judgment, thus making moral choices to show their moral strength, knowing the shame of Rong Ming consciously and self-discipline, and restraining themselves with correct moral norms. Because of this, moral ability is a necessary condition for the healthy development of young college students' body and mind, the basis and premise for the all-round development of college students' personality, the important content of moral education in colleges and universities, and the basic task of ideological and moral education in colleges and universities.
References:
[1] Complete Works of Marx and Engels: Volume 23 [M]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 1972: 669.
[2] Complete Works of Marx and Engels: Volume 3 [M]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 1960: 355.
[3] Zhou Fucheng. Selected Works of Western Ethics [M]. Beijing: Commercial Press, 1964: 85.
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