Konstantin Ai Du Aldevich tsiolkovsky is a Russian and Soviet rocket expert and a pioneer of space flight. He spent most of his life in a wooden house on the outskirts of Kaluga in southern Moscow.
all one's life
Konstantin Ai Du Aldevich tsiolkovsky was born into a middle-class family in Ryazan, south of Moscow. His father is Polish and his mother is Russian. Because I had scarlet fever when I was a child, I couldn't go to school because of my poor hearing. He studied at home until he was 16 years old. During the period of self-study, he went to Moscow Library to study every day, and later took the qualification examination for middle school teachers. People are surprised at his mathematical ability. He said with a smile.
Later, I became a middle school math teacher until 1920 retired. Tsiolkovsky studied many aspects of space travel and rocket propulsion theory, so he is considered as the father of human space travel. 1895, he visited Paris and was inspired by the newly-built Eiffel Tower. He was the first person to put forward the ladder theory.
His most famous work is "Exploring Space with Reaction Facilities" published in 1903, which is the first paper to demonstrate the role of rockets in theory. Tsiolkovsky calculated that the escape speed into Earth orbit is 8km/s, which can be realized by multistage rockets fueled with liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.
Tsiolkovsky published more than 500 books about space travel in his life, including some science fiction works. He also designed a propeller, a multi-stage starter, a space station and a sealed cabin, as well as a sealed ecological circulation system for providing oxygen and food. Unfortunately, his theory was not realized in old Russia. His works have influenced the aerospace industry in Europe and the United States.
Tsiolkovsky also studied the aircraft in the atmosphere at that time, and his calculations have achieved the same results as those of the Wright brothers, but he failed to make actual samples.
Friedrich Sandel, the father of Soviet rocket, highly praised tsiolkovsky's works. 1924, the first aerospace society in the Soviet Union was established. On August 23rd, tsiolkovsky was elected as the first professor of the Military Aviation Academy. The Soviet Union built the OR- 1 liquid fuel propellant rocket in 1930 and the OR-2 rocket in 1933.
1929, tsiolkovsky put forward the idea of multi-stage rocket in his book Space Navigation. The basic formula of rocket propulsion calculation is named after him. He also believes in the idea of alien colonization put forward by the philosopher Nikolai Fedoroff, and thinks that it can make human beings exist forever.
Now there is an air and space museum named after him in Kaluga; There is a crater named after him on the moon, and an asteroid (number 1590) is also named after him.
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Major achievements
He has written more than 400 works, including about 90 publications on space travel and related topics. His works involve rocket design, steering thrusters, multistage superchargers, space stations, airlocks that introduce spacecraft into space vacuum, and closed-loop biological systems that provide food and oxygen for space colonies.
1883, in a paper entitled "Free Space", tsiolkovsky formally proposed to use the reaction device as the propulsion power of space travel tools. His qualitative explanation of this rocket power is that the theoretical basis of rocket motion is Newton's third law and the law of conservation of energy.
These ideas were further developed in the science fiction novel On the Moon published by 1893 and the Earth-Moon Phenomenon and the Effect of Gravitation written by 1895. 1896, he began to study the related problems of interstellar navigation in theory, and further clarified that only rockets can achieve this goal. 1897, he deduced the famous equation of rocket motion.
The appearance of tsiolkovsky's spacecraft design published in 1903 is the basis of modern spacecraft design. The design has a hull, which is divided into three main parts. The pilot and co-pilot have liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen needed for the first, second and third parts of the fuel spacecraft.
On the basis of these works, tsiolkovsky completed the classic research paper "Using Jet Tools to Study Space" in 1898, and then he wrote in 19 10,191,/kloc-0. These excellent works systematically laid the theoretical foundation of astronautics.
After studying the theory of rocket motion, tsiolkovsky studied and prospected the problem of interstellar navigation. In the paper published in 19 1 1, he described in detail the whole process of manned spacecraft from launch to orbit.
The contents involve the spectacular scene when the spacecraft takes off, the influence of overweight and weightlessness on astronauts, the strange performance of objects in weightlessness, the fascinating landscape of the earth at different heights, the scenery of the sky and so on. People read his works as if they were in a spaceship.
Friedrich Zander, the father of Soviet rocket, praised tsiolkovsky's works. 1924, the first aerospace society in the Soviet Union was established. On August 23rd, tsiolkovsky was elected as the first professor of the Military Aviation Academy. The Soviet Union built the OR- 1 liquid fuel propellant rocket in 1930 and the OR-2 rocket in 1933.
1929, tsiolkovsky put forward the idea of multi-stage rocket in his book Space Navigation. The basic formula of rocket propulsion calculation is named after him. He also believes in the idea of alien colonization put forward by the philosopher Nikolai Fedoroff, and thinks that it can make human beings exist forever.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Konstantin Tsiolkovsky