Question 2: How to write the research ideas in the application for primary and secondary schools? Educational research in primary and secondary schools is an important part of school education and teaching. It can be said that educational research plays an irreplaceable role in today's education and teaching. In a big way, it is related to the success or failure of our basic education curriculum reform today, and whether the quality of our whole people can be improved today; From small to large, whether there are any projects related to the school year-end inspection, the on-the-job evaluation of the project leader also plays a role. Our school has 1 national projects approved by China Education Society and 6 Suqian single projects approved by Municipal Education Institute. I will show you how we do it when we approve the project. Please correct me.
First, how to choose the topic
Choosing a topic is not a fantasy. I think what kind of topics are good and what kind of topics can be evaluated. This is a topic of betting, which is difficult to evaluate. The research of primary and secondary education is more manifested in the research of education and teaching practice, which guides the practical work of education and teaching. Therefore, our rural primary and secondary schools should pay more attention to their own rural teaching practice, focusing on small-scale research, so that one topic can solve a practical teaching problem, rather than being greedy.
When we applied for the topic twice, we chose the multiple-choice purpose based on the above understanding. Last year, we realized that "the education of left-behind students in rural junior high schools" is a major problem in rural junior high school education and an urgent problem to be solved in rural education at this stage in China. We have the most say in rural areas, so our topic is based on the above factors.
There are three conditions for applying for the project: 1. When applying for a project, you should know the research situation in this field at home and abroad. 2. The declared topics have field investigation materials, which means that the declared topics should have their own characteristics. We can declare some rural education research topics according to our students' learning situation, so the actual research materials can certainly reflect the characteristics of the declared topics, otherwise your topics will not be touching. 3. The declared discipline shall meet the requirements of the Discipline Guide. Of course, we don't mean to use the topic of the "Topic Selection Guide" as the topic, but we mean that the topic we declare should conform to the scope of the "Topic Selection Guide" and choose the topic around the guide.
Second, fully demonstrate the value of the topic.
Argumentation is very important, and it is the premise to decide whether you can be evaluated. Because there are several applicants for the same topic, which one can be judged and which one can't, mainly depends on the argument.
Everyone will say that their project is valuable, but how to convince others that this project is valuable is an important problem to be solved in project application. In other words, in the project application, we should show the value of a project with our heart, so as to persuade others to support the project.
How to demonstrate? Let's look at the main points of the argument:
1. Why do you want to study this topic?
2. What problems does your research mainly solve?
3. What are the difficulties in solving the main problems, how to solve them and how to break through them;
4. What was your previous performance?
Therefore, when you demonstrate, you must think carefully, so that the judges can clearly know what you want to study and what difficulties you have, which shows that you can solve them.
In short, the value of different topics is great or small. If we want to do a project with great value, we must look for the project at the frontier of exploration and ensure that the project has the frontier. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the importance of the subject from the perspectives of theory and practice, and show the academic significance and application prospect of the subject research.
Third, define the research purpose objectively and reasonably.
Defining the research topic is to clarify what the research object is.
The purpose of the study, that is, the expected result, is the starting point and destination of the whole study. Simply put, the purpose of educational research is to solve the educational and teaching problems we are facing. These problems may be theoretical or practical, but they all exist in reality and have an impact on educational activities. Scientific research is an activity to solve problems in a planned way. This kind of activity is more planned, innovative and rigorous than ordinary activities.
Generally speaking, the common goals of primary and secondary education research are: first, the innovation of educational elements or educational models, such as the compilation of new courses, the application of new methods, the formation of new models, the elaboration of new principles and the invention of new tools. Secondly, the promotion of theoretical understanding of educational issues includes putting forward new theories, revising old theories, clarifying theoretical differences and discovering new laws. The third is the change of school appearance, such as the change of school education concept, the optimization of school education environment, the establishment of school education spirit and educational characteristics. Fourth, students get better development, such as improving their academic performance, developing their learning ability and having a correct learning attitude. & gt
Question 3: How to write the research methods and ideas of graduation thesis?
Before choosing a topic, you should communicate with your tutor and listen to his opinions and suggestions.
When choosing a topic, we should fully consider the research foundation, research ability and research interest. The selected research topic should generally have the following characteristics: First, it is important. The topic of the thesis should have theoretical and practical significance, and it must be an unsolved or completely solved problem, that is, it can solve theoretical problems, promote the development of disciplines and generate various benefits from practical problems. Such a question certainly has theoretical and practical significance. The second is innovation. The topic of the paper should be the new problems caused by social and economic development and environmental changes, as well as the unsolved problems of predecessors, which can promote theoretical innovation, method innovation and application innovation. Therefore, the topic of this paper can be to improve or innovate theories and methods, or to expand the application research field of existing theories. Third, it is academic. The problem discussed in this paper must be academic, which has academic significance and value.
Fourth, it is feasible. The topic selection of the paper requires scientific topic setting, exploration, conformity with the development trend, certain width, decomposition, step by step and in-depth research. It is very important to draw up a specific topic after the direction of topic selection is determined. The topic of the paper is the eye of the article, which can be described as "the first sentence of a thousand words". When drafting the topic, we should do the following as much as possible: First, we should reflect professionalism and meet the academic requirements and norms of this discipline. Second, we should have problem awareness and pertinence, and we can see the core issues of the paper research from the topic expression. Third, the topic size should be moderate and the expression should be concise and unambiguous. Generally speaking, the expression of middle school students is adopted, and the title is relative. The number of words is generally around 25 words, and it is best not to exceed 30 words. 2. Literature selection and reading Select the literature around the research direction or keywords, and the selected literature should be as authoritative and cutting-edge as possible, especially the similar research literature in the past five years, and try to "catch the whole thing". At the same time, the documents are arranged in strict accordance with the document description format and the source of the documents is marked. After selecting the literature, we should read it carefully and get familiar with the latest research results of mainstream journals at home and abroad in this research field through reading the literature. In the process of reading literature, we should pay special attention to four problems. 1. What is the scientific problem studied in this paper? Does it matter? Why is it important? Second, what research methods are used in this paper? Are these research methods enough to solve the scientific problems raised? Third, is there any innovative idea in the paper? Are new research methods used? Fourth, has the paper produced any new conclusions or concepts? Can the data in the paper support these conclusions or concepts? On this basis, I try to sort out a systematic literature review and publish it in professional journals at home and abroad, so as to achieve various purposes such as "being more familiar with cutting-edge research, effectively improving writing ability and forming materialized results". At the same time, by reading more documents, we can learn other people's writing skills and refine language vocabulary. Literature reading generally includes intensive reading (basic literature and classic literature) and extensive reading (knowledge points and interdisciplinary literature). Intensive reading, explanation, comment and analysis should be carried out on key documents and classic documents. 3. The research content and outline are the first, which is related to the major. This is the basic requirement of topic selection and writing of graduate thesis, and it is also the basic premise of passing graduation defense. Second, it is related to interest. The topic of the paper should be related to both sides' interests and future development. "The title is lifelong glory." If you engage in academic research in the future, you should choose a long-term research field, do it deeply and persistently, and gradually cultivate your interest in research issues. Third, appropriate interdisciplinary research. Using the theories or methods of other related disciplines to study the problems of this discipline can often produce new research ideas and conclusions, which not only embodies innovation, but also opens up new research fields. Therefore, during the postgraduate entrance examination, we should pay attention to academic exchanges, consult colleagues from different majors, and be good at thinking and studying problems from multiple angles. 4. Research ideas and methods Before writing the opening report and paper, you should fully consult and study the relevant authoritative literature at home and abroad, and put forward new research ideas and methods as far as possible for the research object. In fact, any theoretical innovation is ultimately a method innovation. For the research methods of economics, management, sociology and other disciplines, we should combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, normative analysis with empirical analysis as far as possible, and use some basic concepts and theoretical viewpoints to make qualitative and normative analysis of the problems to be studied, so as to determine the connotation and extension, characteristics and essence of the research object. On this basis, with the help of mathematical tools, the ... >; & gt
Question 4: How to write the design ideas, methods and contents of the topic 1. How to write a summary of the topic?
The abstract of the subject is written by collecting the relevant documents involved in the subject and comprehensively analyzing the necessary market research.
Through the writing process, we can understand relevant information, expand our knowledge and comprehensively apply what we have learned. Asphalt design idea is the basis of engineering design.
The summary of the topic is only about 800 words, which requires accurate expression, clear views and refined words. We should grasp the characteristics of "synthesis" and "narration". The "comprehensive" type requires comprehensive analysis and induction of the materials and market research, so that the materials are more refined and clear, and more logical. Description and iushiyaoqiu discuss this topic more professionally, comprehensively, deeply and systematically. In a word, the abstract of the topic is a high summary of the historical background, previous work, focus of debate, research status, development prospect, purpose, significance, innovation and practical value of the topic.
When writing, we should pay attention to the following questions:
1. The collected documents should be as complete and new as possible. Mastering comprehensive and up-to-date literature is the premise of writing a good summary.
2. Pay attention to the representativeness, reliability and scientificity of the cited documents. Citation should be faithful to the original document.
3. References cannot be omitted, generally requiring more than ten articles, which must be read directly by the author.
Second, how to write the design ideas, methods and contents of the project.
1, writing design ideas
Generally speaking, it is what kind of general ideas designers use to complete their own project design. The content mainly includes the design scheme of the topic, the main components of the design steps, where there are some innovative breakthroughs in the topic, what kind of design effect is achieved, and how to show the design results at last.
2. Writing of design methods
There are many design methods, such as case analysis, cross coordinate method, investigation and analysis method, brainstorming method, hope point example method, bionics method, analogy method, reverse thinking method, contraction and expansion method, defect list method, chart list method, etc., but it is impossible to use only one design method when designing topics. It can explain which design methods are mainly used in a certain stage of design. When we apply various methods, we must do it in strict accordance with the requirements of the methods, not by experience or common sense. For example, when we want to conduct market research, we should clearly formulate questionnaires and clarify how to conduct analysis, including comprehensive analysis and design analysis.
3. Writing of design content
Briefly introduce why I made this design (explain the shortcomings of the existing design), and focus on the main contents of my project design, and what I will focus on, hoping to make a breakthrough.
How to write the project research plan and fill in the project declaration form
1, about the theme declaration form
If it is not filled in as required, it should be filled in as required.
If the title of the topic on the cover is adjusted in the research plan, the cover here needs to be adjusted accordingly; Project leader, only fill in1; Completion time, the project research cycle is generally one year, or 1-2 years, and the completion time should be filled in at the end of a certain month, and the official start time of project research is earlier than the time of filing and filling out the form; You can write a form of results, usually reports, including investigation reports, experimental reports, research reports, conclusion reports, etc. And the paper is the advanced form of the report; Unit and position, title, generally fill in 3 items, no position, fill in 2 items of unit and title; The postal code and address should be clearly filled in, and the contact telephone number should be complete. Generally, the telephone number of the company (own office) and my mobile phone number should be filled in to facilitate our contact.
Secondly, the division of labor within the project should be clearly filled out in the relevant information of other members of the research group, especially who is responsible for the overall design of the project and who undertakes the task of writing the project conclusion report; The opinions of the person in charge of the project, the official seal of the unit and the signature of the leader in charge of the unit are indispensable. If the project has been approved, it should be signed and sealed, otherwise your research will not be supported by the unit and leaders.
2, about the topic of the topic
Education and scientific research courses >>
Question 5: How to write the objectives, contents and key points of the project research? How to conduct project research after determining the research topic or obtaining the project approval? This is an important issue often mentioned by educators, especially primary and secondary school teachers. There are various research methods, but there is always a basic procedure. Project research procedures, including making project research plans, research topics, data collection, data collation, project summary, etc. 1. How to grasp the research problems, how to sort out the research ideas, and how to design the topics and research plans reasonably and normatively are the difficulties that primary and secondary school teachers often encounter at present. Formulate the project research plan, including: accurately expressing and decomposing research problems, transforming research problems into hypotheses, determining research methods, arranging research plans and division of labor, organizing and coordinating project research, etc. (A) decomposition of research objectives, grasp the starting point. 1, determine the research goal and determine the research topic, generally determine the research direction or research theme and overall goal. A research topic can't cover everything, but we must consider the research background, narrow the research scope, grasp the research angle and find the right research topic. Before starting the research, we must do in-depth research, so as to accurately grasp the research theme, decompose the research problems, decompose the overall goal into several specific goals, grasp the research breakthrough point, and make a good overall research plan. Research objectives can be divided into parallel objectives, hierarchical objectives and comprehensive objectives. 2. Choose the research breakthrough point: First, choose from the basic, easy and key issues; The second is to seek from successful experience; The third is to find out from the practical problems faced by school education; The fourth is to seek from the development trend of education; The fifth is to find it from the theory of educational science. (two) clear research ideas, determine the research methods. 1. A topic, especially a comprehensive topic, involves rich research contents, including multiple relationships, multiple contradictions and multi-level problems, which has a certain depth and breadth, and there must be a pair of basic relationships, contradictions or problems. The significance of finding out the basic relationship accurately lies in finding the breakthrough point of the research, which makes the research thinking clear and operable. Through forward analysis, reverse analysis, reduction analysis and other methods, the research ideas are clarified and formed. 2. Basic research methods. Educational research methods include main methods and auxiliary methods. The main methods are observation, investigation, literature, educational experiment, experience summary, comparative research, case study, action research, reflective research and qualitative research. Auxiliary methods include statistics, measurement, questionnaire, etc. 3. There are many ways to use and choose the research methods: one is the main method, the other is the comprehensive application of various methods; A variety of methods are used together and alternately, and each method complements each other; There are also single methods, but few. Different types (contents and conditions) of research topics have different research methods, and research methods can be selected from different angles and according to different standards. First, take the continuity of research as the standard and determine the method according to the direction of continuity. For example, choose vertical research methods to track the development process of things; In order to study different objects at the same time, the horizontal research method is chosen. The second is to choose different research methods according to the technical means adopted in the research. For example, when conducting routine research, natural observation, test experiment, investigation and interview are selected. The research is carried out by modern technical means, and different technical equipment is selected for detection and adjustment. (3) Theoretical thinking and research hypothesis. What is a research hypothesis? Research hypothesis is the research result (also called "semi-finished product") predicted by researchers when the concept in the research problem is transformed into a variable that can be measured through observation. Research hypothesis is a proposition that states the relationship between two (or more) variables, and it is an important link in scientific research. We must actively carry out theoretical thinking and put forward research hypotheses. First, actively think rationally. Hypothesis is an expectation that has not been proved by practice. It is a tentative theory that combines reasoning and judgment in the process of human thinking. Bold assumptions and careful verification have always been the correct way for scientific research and exploration. According to the understanding of the research object, we can infer unknown guesses and inferences from the known, including various possible theoretical understandings or preliminary conclusions, and make inferences before conducting research. The second is to master the basic standards of research hypothesis. The research hypothesis should have four criteria: first, it can explain the expected relationship between two or more variables; Second, researchers should have clear reasons to explain whether this hypothesis is worth testing; Third, the hypothesis should be testable; Fourth, the assumption should be as simple and clear as possible. The third is to clarify the basic steps of the formation of research hypothesis. The research hypothesis is subjective ... >>
Question 6: How to write the project research plan 2 (1) The purpose and significance of the project research.
(2) Research status and trends at home and abroad; (c) the basis of the topic.
(four) research objectives, main contents and research objects.
(v) Research methods and strategies.
(six) the research value and innovation of the subject.
(7) Research progress.
(eight) the composition and division of labor of the project.
(nine) the existing research basis and budget
(X) Expression of research results
Question 7: How to write the overall research ideas in the graduation project opening report? First, the significance and role of the opening report
The opening report is the topic planning written by the project leader on the basis of investigation and research after the topic is determined. This paper mainly explains that this topic needs to be studied, and how to prepare it when conditions permit, which can also be said to be the demonstration and design of the topic. The opening report is an important link to improve the quality and level of topic selection.
The research plan is the work plan of the whole research after the subject is determined and before the researchers formally carry out the research, which initially stipulates the specific contents and steps of all aspects of the research. The research scheme plays a key role in the smooth development of the whole research work, especially for people with less scientific research experience. A good scheme can avoid the situation that we don't know what to do next after a period of time, and ensure that the whole research work is carried out in an orderly way. It can be said that the level of research scheme is an important embodiment of the quality and level of a discipline.
Second, write the basic work that should be done in the research plan.
To write a good research plan, we must understand its basic structure and writing. What is important is to write the opening report and research plan, or to do a lot of basic work. First of all, we should know the basic situation of other people's research in this field. The most fundamental feature of research work is to be creative and familiar with other people's research in this field, so that we will not repeat the path taken by others when they have studied a lot and are very mature, but will engage in higher-level and more valuable things to study on the basis of other people's research. Secondly, it is necessary to master the basic theoretical knowledge related to the subject, and the theoretical foundation is solid, so that the research work can have a solid foundation. Otherwise, without a theoretical basis, it is difficult for you to study deeply and really create. Therefore, to carry out scientific research, we must collect information in various ways and strengthen theoretical study, so that we can have more confidence in writing reports and plans and make them more scientific and perfect.
Third, the structure and writing of the project research plan
The research projects mainly include:
(a) the name of the project
Principal name is the name of the principal. This seems like a small problem, but in fact, when many people write a topic, they often write it inaccurately and inappropriately, thus affecting the image and quality of the whole topic. So, how to name the topic?
1, the name should be accurate and standardized.
Accuracy is the name of this subject. It is necessary to make it clear what the topic is and what the research object is. For example, there is a topic called "Research on the Process of Educational Modernization in Xuchang City", the research object is Xuchang City, and the research problem is educational modernization. The name of the subject must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and you should accurately summarize the objects and problems of your study.
Standardization means that the use of words and sentence patterns should be standardized and scientific, and specious words, slogans and conclusion sentences should not be used. Because we are conducting scientific research, we should express our thoughts and opinions in scientific and standardized language. There is a topic called "Cultivating students' autonomous learning ability and improving classroom teaching efficiency". If this topic is an empirical paper or research report, I think it is good, but as a topic, I think it is not very good, because the topic is the problem we want to solve, and this problem is being discussed and studied, so there can be no final tone.
2. The name should be concise, not too long.
Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long, generally no more than 20 words.
(b) the purpose and significance of the study.
The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. Generally speaking, it can be discussed from the practical needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what is the practical role of this research, and then write out the theoretical and academic value of the topic. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. The main contents include:
(1) The relevant background of the research (the proposal of the subject): that is, what is the basis and inspiration of this research.
⑵ By analyzing the local (school) education and teaching practice, point out why we should study this topic, the value of the research and the problems to be solved.
(3) The history and present situation of domestic and international research (literature review)
Generally, it includes: mastering the breadth, depth and achievements of its research; Look for the problems that need further study, so as to determine the research platform (starting point), research characteristics or breakthrough point of this topic.
(D) the guiding ideology of research
The guiding ideology at the macro level is >>
Question 8: How to write the idea of graduate research? 5. The idea of scientific research is to develop a relatively meaningful idea for the field of interest. Of course, from an academic point of view, your idea needs to have certain theoretical and practical significance and be highly innovative. The overall framework is as follows:
First of all, it mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic.
Second, the existing research status in this field mainly explains your innovation.
Three, the specific idea or feasibility study
Four. Expected result
Question 9: How to write the closing report of the project research? The basic structure of the standardized conclusion report on applied research topics roughly includes the following 10 parts (which can also be divided into 8 parts):
1, subject background;
2. The significance of the research (including theoretical and practical significance, which can also be merged into the "background of topic selection" part);
These two parts focus on answering "Why choose this topic for research?"
3. Theoretical basis of the research;
4. The objectives of the study;
5. Main contents of the study;
6. Research methods;
7. Steps of research;
8. The main process of research;
From part 3-8, answer "How is this subject studied?"
Except for the eighth part, the eight parts of the conclusion report, from 1 to the seventh part, are needed when filling in the project declaration form, making the project research plan and opening the project report, and the contents are basically the same. When it comes to writing the final report, you just need to copy it or make appropriate changes. The eighth part needs to review, sort out, summarize and refine the research process of the subject. Sometimes, the seventh and eighth parts can also be written together.
9. Research results;
This part is the answer to "What research results have been achieved?"
10, the main problems in the research and the future ideas.
The structure of the ending report of experimental research projects is basically the same as that of the ending report of applied research projects. There are three differences between them:
1, the third part of the research report "research objective" should be changed to "experimental hypothesis" in the experimental report.
2, the ninth part of the research report "research results", in the experimental report should be changed to "experimental results and analysis".
3, the title of other parts of the research report "research", should be changed to "experiment".
Seeking adoption is a satisfactory answer.
Question 10: How to write research ideas depends mainly on what you study. First, give yourself a hypothetical feasibility report, then solve the problem according to your own report and write out all kinds of situations in the process.