The key to applying causality principle to safety management is to pay attention to the investigation and management of potential safety hazards and plug safety loopholes from the source. The following is a model essay on the application of safety production management theory in enterprise safety management, which I J.L. will share with you.
Modern safety production management theory was introduced into China in 1950s. In the 1960s, China began to absorb and study the accident cause theory, accident prevention theory and modern safety production management thought. In 1980s, enterprises began to study safety production risk assessment, hazard identification and monitoring, and some enterprise managers began to try safety production risk management.
At the end of 20th century, China studied and implemented the occupational health and safety management system almost simultaneously with the industrialized countries in the world. Since the new century, some scholars in China have put forward the rudiment of systematic enterprise safety production risk management theory, and believe that enterprise safety production management is risk management, including hazard identification, risk evaluation, risk early warning and monitoring management, accident prevention and risk control management and emergency management. This theory completely integrates modern risk management into safety production management. This paper expounds the practical application of safety management theory in enterprise safety management combined with an oil field enterprise.
First, the basic situation of enterprises
An oilfield enterprise is a second-level unit, and there are currently eight third-level units, which are mainly responsible for oilfield technical monitoring. Through safety risk identification and analysis, the main risks faced by the enterprise are seven kinds of dangerous operations, such as aerial work, water work, confined space work, high-voltage electricity test work, live monitoring work without stopping, contact with toxic and harmful substances and temporary electricity use work. There are 8 kinds of dangerous and harmful factors such as falling from a height, drowning, poisoning and suffocation, electric shock, mechanical injury, object strike, lifting injury and vehicle injury. In order to prevent the occurrence of dangerous sources, enterprises make full use of scientific safety management theories and methods in all aspects to achieve safe production year after year.
2. The application of safety production management principles in enterprises.
(a) the system principle and its related principles and applications.
1, the concept of system principle and related principle.
System principle is the most basic principle of modern management. It refers to the application of system theory, viewpoint and method when people are engaged in management work. Comprehensive and systematic analysis of management activities, in order to achieve the optimization goal of management, that is, to understand and deal with the problems in management with the viewpoint, theory and method of system theory. The principles of applying system principles include dynamic correlation principle, integral and integral principle, feedback principle and closed principle.
The principle of dynamic correlation refers to the normal operation of any enterprise management system, which is not only limited and restricted by the conditions of the system itself, but also influenced and restricted by other related systems, and changes with the different efforts of time, place and people. The principle of integration, separation and integration means that modern efficient management must have a clear division of labor under the overall planning and be effectively synthesized on the basis of division of labor. The principle of feedback refers to successful and efficient management, which is inseparable from sensitive, accurate and fast feedback. The principle of closure means that within any management system, management means and management process must form a continuous closed loop in order to form effective management activities.
2. Practical application of system principle and related principles.
In the management of production safety, enterprises have implemented measures such as target management of production safety, safety and health management system and emergency rescue system, all of which are concrete applications of system principles. Safety production management system includes safety management personnel at all levels, safety protection equipment and facilities, safety management rules and regulations, safety production operation norms and procedures, safety production management information, etc. Safety management runs through all aspects of production activities, and it is all-round, all-weather and full-time participation.
For safety management, the application of dynamic correlation principle can be considered from two aspects. On the one hand, the dynamic correlation of system elements is the root cause of accidents; On the other hand, to do a good job in safety management, we must master the dynamic correlation characteristics between all the object elements related to safety and make full use of the functions of related factors. Enterprises have established an effective safety management system in practical work, integrated various production factors of various departments into a system, and established a systematic management network of safety work with the responsibility of the party and government, everyone's responsibility and enterprise management being safe.
When making overall goals and making macro-decisions, enterprises should incorporate safety into the overall planning and make a clear division of labor in safety management. Establish and improve the internal safety organization system and safety production responsibility system, strengthen the function of safety management department, establish its authority, ensure strong coordination and control, and realize effective integration. These tasks are the best embodiment of the principles of integration, separation and integration in safety work.
In order to achieve the goal, the management system must know these changes in time according to the feedback, so as to adjust the state of the system and ensure the realization of the goal. According to the feedback principle, enterprises use the established safety management network to regularly collect the safety information of grass-roots teams and stations, capture all kinds of safety information in time, take timely actions through ten-day, monthly, quarterly and annual safety meetings, adjust working methods and objectives, eliminate or control unsafe factors, and keep the whole system in a safe state to achieve the goal of safe production.
When applying the closed principle, enterprises implement closed-loop management of security risks such as discovery, rectification, verification and evaluation by establishing different levels of' observation mechanism'. And through the establishment of rules and regulations, make it standardized and normalized.
(2) People-oriented principle and its related principles and applications.
1, the concept of people-oriented principle and its related principles
In management, we must put human factors in the first place and embody the guiding ideology of people-oriented, which is the principle of people-oriented People-oriented has two meanings. First, all management activities are people-oriented. People are both the subject and the object of management, and everyone is at a certain level of management. Without people, there is no management. Second, in management activities, the elements as the management object and all links of the management system need people to be responsible, operate, promote and implement. There are four principles in the application of people-oriented principle, namely, motivation principle, energy level principle, incentive principle and behavior principle.
Modern management believes that the basic force to promote management activities is people, and management must have the power to stimulate people's working ability, which is the principle of power. The principle of energy level refers to the need to establish a set of reasonable energy levels in the management system, arrange their work according to the energy of units and individuals, and exert the energy of different energy levels to ensure the stability of the structure and the effectiveness of management. Incentive principle refers to stimulating people's inner potential by scientific means, so that they can give full play to their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity. This is the incentive principle. The principle of behavior is that only when people meet their own needs can they have motivation, and only when they have motivation can they have action. The biggest feature of the principle of behavior is that necessity is the initial motivation to produce behavior.
2. Practical application of people-oriented principle and related principles.
The important measure for enterprises to implement people-oriented and related principles is to attach importance to the construction of enterprise safety culture. In order to form ideologically? Safety first, life is higher than the sky? Safety concept, organized and discussed the safety situation at all levels of the enterprise, and constantly carried out various safety culture construction such as safety management purpose discussion. Doing a good job in safety, environmental protection and occupational health at the management level is a serious political task, the fundamental interests of employees, the concrete embodiment of doing good things for employees, and the unshirkable responsibility of cadres at all levels. Establish among employees? Life is priceless? Values, build? I am responsible for my own safety, and I am responsible for the safety of others? Family view. Through years of continuous security situation analysis and security concept change, three kinds of security management consciousness have gradually formed in enterprises: first? Management according to law and accountability? Consciously follow the safety production law and various safety laws and regulations, strictly manage and strive for first-class safety work; And second? Scientific management of production safety? Understand and thoroughly implement the safety management system and implement scientific, systematic and effective management of safety work; Three is? Down-to-earth security Consciousness is to be honest, diligent, down-to-earth, do a good job in basic work, do a good job in safety production, step by step, layer by layer, and truly implement safety production work in every post and employee.
Another way to apply the people-oriented principle and the incentive principle is to strengthen democratic management. First of all, all employees participate in the activities of discovering, controlling and eliminating risks. Safety activities reward the superior and punish the inferior, establish correct behavior and public opinion orientation, and motivate employees. Motivation comes from material, mental and information stimuli respectively, and correspondingly produces biomass motivation, mental motivation and information motivation. The second is to improve leadership behavior, close to the front line of production, and realize eating, living and working with employees through grass-roots unit contracting and on-site observation activities, forming a good interactive atmosphere for development.
Management level is not an artificial assumption, but an objective existence. When applying the principle of energy level, enterprises have achieved three things: first, the determination of energy level ensures the stability of management system; Second, the allocation and use of talents correspond to the energy level; The third is to give different powers and responsibilities to different energy levels and give different incentives, so that responsibility, power and benefit are consistent with energy levels.
Through the people-oriented safety management thought, finally realize? Want me to be safe? Where to? I want safety? Change.
(3) Apply the precautionary principle and related principles.
1, the concept of precautionary principle and related principles
Safety production management should focus on prevention, and reduce and prevent unsafe behavior of people and unsafe state of things through effective management and technical means, which is the principle of prevention. When personal injury, equipment or facilities damage and environmental damage may occur, take measures in advance to prevent accidents. There are four principles for applying risk prevention: accidental loss principle, causality principle, 3E principle and intrinsic safety principle.
The principle of accidental loss means that the consequences of accidents are random, and repeated similar accidents may not have the same consequences, which is the contingency of accident losses. The principle of accidental loss tells us that the only way to prevent accidents is to prevent them from happening again, regardless of whether they cause losses or not. This principle emphasizes the importance of all kinds of accidents, especially accidents and accidents. Only by controlling all accidents and accidents can we really prevent the occurrence of accident losses.
Causality principle means that the accident is the final result of many mutually causal and continuous factors. The causality of the accident determines the inevitability of the accident. Understand the inevitability from the causal relationship of accidents, find the regularity of accidents, turn unsafe into safe, and eliminate accidents in the early cause stage.
The "3E" principle means that the main reasons for people's unsafe behavior and unsafe state of things can be summed up in four aspects: technical reasons, educational reasons, physical and attitude reasons and management reasons. In view of these four reasons, we should effectively take three preventive countermeasures, namely, engineering countermeasures, education countermeasures and law enforcement countermeasures.
The principle of intrinsic safety comes from the theory of intrinsic safety, which means to fundamentally eliminate the possibility of accidents from the beginning, realize the essence of safety, and thus achieve the purpose of preventing accidents. The principle of intrinsic safety applies not only to equipment and facilities, but also to construction projects.
2. Application of precautionary principle and related principles.
In the application of the principle of accidental loss, enterprises first vigorously carry out the activities of sharing accident cases and risk experience cases to improve their safety prevention ability. In order to improve employees' awareness of risk prevention, learn lessons and improve the level of intrinsic safety, the company collected and sorted out accident cases and risk experiences in the past three years, and distributed them to all units and teams, so that employees on the job can learn from each other, know risks, make measures and enjoy safety, and let all employees really participate in risk experience analysis activities. Secondly, did it? Emergency plan drill? Activities, strengthen the ability of safety emergency, employees should know how to carry out initial disposal, when to report, to whom to report, what to report, how to conduct on-site alert, who is in charge of command at the scene, who will implement emergency disposal, how to contact superiors, and so on. After the drill, the plan should be evaluated, and the existing emergency plan system should be continuously revised and improved in view of the problems found, so as to effectively improve the pertinence and operability of the plan.
In the application of the 3E principle, enterprise standards such as General Requirements for Standard Laboratory Management, General Requirements for Standard Project Team Management, and Management Requirements for Laboratories and Project Teams have been formulated, and various standards have been used to standardize operation management and realize? Go to the bidding post, do the bidding work, and hand in the bidding class? Strengthen safety management through 3E countermeasures.
The key to applying causality principle to safety management is to pay attention to the investigation and management of potential safety hazards and plug safety loopholes from the source. In the practice of enterprise safety management, highlight the idea that the key lies in the grass-roots level and the key lies in the post, and carry it out in depth? Working methods and observation activities? Various forms of hidden danger investigation and management activities, such as large-scale investigation of every link prone to accidents, early identification and diagnosis of hidden dangers of accidents, convening HSE special meetings to study and formulate hidden danger management plans, implementing responsibilities, and completing the management on time. At the same time, due to the limited cognitive ability, it is sometimes impossible to fully understand the hazards and risks. Even if there are known hazards, with the development of production technology and the emergence of new technologies, new processes, new materials and new energy, new hazards will be generated, so the investigation and management of hidden dangers is long-term and uninterrupted.
Three. conclusion
With the help of modern theories and methods of safety production management, enterprises have improved the level of safety management through practical application, reduced safety risks, realized scientific and systematic safety management, laid a foundation for the realization of safety development, and fully embodied the people-oriented ideas and concepts of safety production development in China.
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