In Reading People, there is a section that summarizes Hao's reading methods. The book mentions the reading methods of three famous historical figures, Tao Yuanming's "not asking for a deep understanding", Zhuge Liang's "looking at the outline" and Zhu's "careful reading".
All three people were labeled as fixed because of a classic quotation, as if Tao Yuanming didn't understand his reading method very well, but Zhuge Liang just understood it. Like Hao's point of view, I think what three people share is just a way of reading, and their own reading methods must be diversified. There is no correct reading method in the world, only suitable reading methods, and everyone can't have only one method. The reading methods for different books should also be adjusted.
Finding the right reading method is the key. The reading method of 12 shared today does not need us to master it completely. We can try one by one and find the right one, even if one is a harvest.
1: intensive reading method
When we were young, we were often taught to read "in twos and threes", and the classic quotation "What does it mean to read it once a hundred times" always warned us to calm down and appreciate it carefully, and not to rush it. Intensive reading can really enable us to get all the knowledge of a book to the greatest extent. Only by studying deeply and savoring carefully can we find the "subtle meaning" in the article and read the wonderful content that others can't understand. However, the shortcomings of intensive reading are also very obvious, time-consuming, especially low cost performance.
As How to Read says, "If you read too fast or too slow, you will get nothing." The correct approach should be: "When reading, it is not worthwhile to be slow, and it is harmful to satisfaction and understanding to be fast."
Intensive reading is indeed a good reading method, but it is absolutely a waste to use all the books for intensive reading.
2. Target reading method
Target reading refers to a reading method that directly captures the target. Reading is to attack the "target", hit the "target" and catch what you need through various channels and methods.
Some people call this reading method "utilitarian reading method", but I don't quite agree with this view. The target reading method emphasizes reading with questions and reading in a targeted way, which has nothing to do with utilitarianism, and is just a method.
Daniel webster, a famous American politician, served as Secretary of State for three times, which is a target reading method. Before reading every book, he will read the table of contents, the preface, turn over a few pages, and then list three tables: the questions I hope this book can answer, the knowledge I hope to gain from reading, and where this book will lead me.
3. Look at the preface first.
The preface is a brief introduction to a book. Here, it takes five minutes to have a general understanding of the whole book, to know whether it is suitable for you, and to grasp the key points easily and understand it more deeply.
Using this method, we can quickly distinguish the quality of a book, grasp the main idea as soon as possible, and effectively improve reading efficiency. In the later systematic reading methods, sequential reading is one of the essential reading methods.
4.SQRRR reading method &; PQRST reading method
SQRRR's five-step reading method first appeared in an American university, and then it was widely adopted in the United States, Britain and Europe. This reading method conforms to the general thinking law of people in reading, which is helpful to understand the contents of books and enhance personal memory.
Student: Investigation (browsing the whole book)
Read the title, subtitle, preface, table of contents and the first chapter quickly to understand the abstract.
Q: Questions (questions you ask yourself when browsing)
Similar to the target reading method, it emphasizes reading with questions. Ask yourself three questions before reading. What have I learned? What does the author want to tell me? What do I want?
R: reading (reading materials with a critical eye)
In the process of taking notes, underline the core content and make comments.
R: Recitation (active and timely recall or memory)
After reading a book, speak out your gains. All you can say is your gains. According to the law of memory forgetting, learners will forget 80% of what they read. By actively recalling and retelling, you can effectively improve your ability to absorb the whole book when you find that your knowledge is weak or you don't understand it thoroughly.
R: comments (comments)
Many friends complain what to do if they can't stop reading so many secretaries. Review the old and learn the new, take out your reading notes in time, and turn the initial short-term memory into long-term stored information.
In the review process, we will also have a second quick reading, which will help to generate new reading comprehension and further improve and enhance our knowledge system.
After reading a book once, we can grasp all the knowledge points that subvert our values and have a great influence on us. And some system theories that we haven't seen before are difficult to fully grasp through one understanding. If we can persist in reviewing in time and persevere, we can get good results.
The reading method of SQRRR is basically the same as that of PQRST, but the sentences are different.
P: Preview Q: Question R: Reading S: State T: Test.
5. Take turns reading.
A unique method of the great philosopher Marx is very simple in practice. Simply put, it is to read poems and novels after reading philosophical content for a period of time to prevent reading fatigue.
Nowadays, many friends emphasize that you should read one book at a time, and you can't be half-hearted, but this kind of reading always feels oppressive. The method of reading by turns is just like we always have different courses in class, as the famous British writer Mao Mu said: "One can't have the same mood every day, even in one day, one may not have the same enthusiasm for a book." Therefore, the method of taking turns reading is not necessarily bad, but it should be noted that the method of taking turns reading should distinguish between primary and secondary, know which book you need to master in the short term, and highlight the key points.
6. King's speed method
King's speed reading method advocates reading a book in 30 minutes, which is a kind of speed reading method. The purpose of king's speed reading is to gain more knowledge in the shortest time. It can be said that the King's Speed Method is a reading method that brings Pareto's 28 principle into full play. The specific operation method is as follows:
The first stage (5 minutes): first read the preface and table of contents of the book to understand what the book is about and whether it meets your own needs;
The second stage (5 minutes): browse all the pictures, estimate which part is more important, find out the high-frequency words and know where the key points are.
The third stage (20 minutes): skip reading. Read a book from a height like a bird, and slow down and read it carefully when you see the key words. If it is particularly difficult to understand, make a mark and focus on reading next time. There is no need to entangle a difficult knowledge point at this moment.
7.RIA tag reading method
RIA tag reading method is a reading method mentioned by Zhao Zhou, the chief helmsman of the book opening gang, in "Reading in this way is enough", which is very simple and practical and can be easily mastered in only 10 minutes.
In How to Read a Book, Ajdero pointed out that for non-fiction books, we can master and understand the content of a book through the steps of "theme reading+critical thinking+practice". RIA post-it notes reading rules are simplified and upgraded, which is more popular and easy to understand.
First of all, let's briefly understand what is RIA post-it reading method.
R: Read, read the original text, draw your favorite sentences, and read according to the theme that Ejdero refers to.
I: Interpretation, guidance and promotion correspond to critical thinking.
Explain the ideas in the book in your own words, and digest the knowledge points in the book into your own through this step of thinking.
A: Misappropriation, dismantling for one's own use, corresponds to practice.
A 1) Describe your own relevant experiences, and write down your own experiences related to the ideas in the book, regardless of success or failure.
A2) Think about how to apply it in the future.
How to master? Prepare three post-it notes with different colors, and write down different contents on the three post-it notes according to "I, A 1, A2" when you meet the knowledge points that you find useful. After reading a book, take out all the sticky notes recording A2 and stick them on your desk or in a conspicuous place to remind yourself to practice. Compared with the methodology provided by the original text, the methodology finally extracted by RIA post-it notes reading method is obtained through our thinking and our own practice.
8. Thematic reading method
In How to Read a Book, thematic reading is called the highest reading method. In fact, as Hao, the author of Reading People, said, thematic reading is just a way of reading, and its hierarchy makes people feel puzzling. In fact, theme reading is also very easy to understand.
1) Confirm the theme and collect the book list.
2) Review reading
Read quickly, title, table of contents, preface, and have a general understanding of a book.
3) Theme reading
Combined with the purpose of reading, I read the same content in different books. For example, I am doing the theme reading of Reading recently, and the content of this issue is the summary of reading methods. According to this purpose, I only read the reading method recommendation of each book, and give up other contents for the time being.
4) Output sharing
Doing PPT, opening books and writing articles all belong to an output.
9. Li Ka-shing's ear reading.
Everyone must have heard of this reading method, which is the listening book provided by today's audio software. Simple and convenient, it can liberate our eyes to the maximum extent and adjust the visual fatigue caused by long-term "traditional reading".
Listening to books and reading are not suitable for reference books, but more suitable for literary works. Some words can't be appreciated only by reading them once, and the eyes are not enough to taste the love and hate hidden between the lines. At this time, you might as well close your eyes and listen with your ears, so that your brain is completely immersed in the artistic conception created in the book.
Some readers asked me, what is the biggest difference between watching an adapted film and watching the original? My answer is that the former interprets the original work in the director's mind, which is an expression of the original work, while the latter can be varied.
But it should be noted that ear reading is very time-consuming! Choose carefully!
10: 10 double-speed image reading method
This reading method is a method mentioned by Paul Selly in 10 double-speed image reading method. Image reading is a new method to improve reading ability. Its effect is amazing, but the method is simple, that is, let the subconscious take a snapshot and take the contents of the page into the brain at a glance.
This reading method is difficult to master, and I can't at present. I'll send out the steps for you to have a brief understanding, which may be suitable for you. The content is taken from "10 times speed reading method"
The specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: Prepare
1) Set a clear reading purpose and enter an ideal learning state. You can try the orange concentration method to get into the state.
2) Close your eyes and relax. Be aware of yourself from the top of your head to your toes. Straighten your back, relax and breathe at a gentle rhythm. Tell me the purpose of this reading in your mind. (For example, "I will read this magazine in the next 10 minutes to make good use of time or get inspiration." )
Imagine you put an orange behind your head. Realize that you are in a relaxed and focused state. A slight smile appears at the corner of the eye and corners of the mouth, relaxing the face and eliminating tension. I feel that although my eyes are closed, my vision is constantly expanding. Now your eyes are in direct contact with your heart. While maintaining this relaxed and focused state, gently open your eyes and start reading at the speed you think is most suitable.
Step 2: Preview
1) Investigate the whole article, understand the structure of the article and know how to read it.
2) Find out the key words, that is, high-frequency vocabulary, core vocabulary and non-fiction books. Most people can easily find out the key words.
3) Review the learned information and decide whether to proceed to the next step.
Step 3: Image reading.
1) Enter the high-speed learning mode and positively affirm yourself. The purpose of reading this article repeatedly, I believe you will achieve this goal.
2) Enter the camera focus (key)
The state sets the line of sight at a certain point on the wall above the book, and stares at a certain point on the wall above the book while realizing the blank between the four corners of the book. Due to distraction, the binding part between the left and right pages seems to overlap, and then a cylindrical sausage-shaped page is formed, which is called "hanging page"
First, the vertical page will disappear during eye movement, and it will get better with the deepening of practice. The second problem is that when the camera is focused, the text on the page becomes blurred. It doesn't matter. Because if you want to see the hanging pages, you must first look far away. If you want to see closer, you should relax your eyes and then pull them to the focus. At this time, the text on the page will be clear and incredible, and it will also show depth. The more relaxed your eyes are, the clearer your words will be.
3) Keep it steady when turning pages, so as to avoid inner impetuousness.
There are two secrets to keep reading pictures: the first is to take a deep breath and keep the same speed. The second is to repeat simple words in your mind with the rhythm of turning pages. For example: put, put, put, put.
4) End with a sense of accomplishment and tell yourself "I have an impression of this book now".
Step 4: Activate
The so-called activation is simply the process of extracting the information ingested into the subconscious, which belongs to an output process.
1) to review the enhanced activation.
2) Waiting for maturity, after video reading and review, information will temporarily accumulate outside the consciousness. At this time, we will pause, because we have to wait for the information in our heads to mature. Wait at least 10 to 20 minutes, and one night is ideal.
3) Ask questions to your mind. When you calm down, ask yourself how much you know about this book.
4) Mind mapping is mind mapping.
Step 5: Read at high speed.
Read it from beginning to end in one breath, as long as it takes time, and flexibly adjust the reading speed according to the difficulty or importance of the article.
Fast reading is reading at a speed that suits you from beginning to end in one breath. You can speed up the reading in the following situations: you have finished reading paragraphs or pages in the previous steps; Simple or unnecessary information. I feel that the reading part is not very important for my purpose. You can slow down in the following situations. It records unfamiliar or unfamiliar problems; The content is very complicated; It's important for your own purpose, and you want to know more information.
1 1: China's thoughts on the title method
When I first saw this way of reading, I felt that the generation of masters was really different, and the reason was simple, but few people could think of this method.
How to operate specifically? When reading a book, don't read any information except the title of the book, including the preface of the table of contents. Just spend a quarter of an hour reading the title, close your eyes and think about how you would write this book and from what angle.
Think it over before opening the book. If you think the same way, you can basically give up studying. If not, you can read more specifically and broaden your thinking. The effect of reading is also more effective than ordinary reading.
This method is also suitable for friends who like writing. In the same way, why do some people write thousands of explosions, but you read very little? Instead of complaining, it is better to start with imitating the article of the Great God and see how everyone discusses it. As for the language style, there is absolutely no need to imitate it. Such targeted exercises are more for perfecting and expanding logical thinking. If you particularly like the writing style of an author, you might as well try Zhou's reading method.
12: Zhou's reading method
Zhou, a native of Pinghu, Zhejiang, is an editor and scholar of People's Literature Publishing House. He often reads books, especially classical literary works, which is different from our simple endorsement when we were young. Reading emphasizes carefully tasting the language style of an article and feeling the unique charm of the author's words in cadence.
By reading aloud, when you write, you will find yourself inadvertently using similar language rhythm to express your feelings in your chest.
Of course, if you want to write a better article, you still have to practice constantly and gradually form your own style of writing.