As an all-round artist, a great Confucian politician and a straightforward and dissolute scholar, his life is full of twists and turns. He has been using, flattering, relegating, using, flattering and relegating since he was a child. It's been more than ten years, as if something unfair had happened to him. For Su Dongpo, a scholar with romantic temperament, a bumpy life will inevitably bring attractive poems. Therefore, in the most depressed period, Dongpo wrote his best works, and his poems reached a mature stage. Anger has passed, and bitterness has temporarily passed, leaving a feeling of calm and resignation. Throughout the ages, it seems that the more talented people are, the more ambitious they are, the more worried about the country and the people, and the more bumpy their lives are. In the face of the raging torrent that frequently strikes, some people silently "return to the shore" and want to "know everything and accept everything" and "get drunk". Some people are the mainstay and "wake up all the year round". Some people are independent and fearless, chic and comfortable, and drunk but not awake. Dongpo can remain independent and live alone in the ups and downs of life. After several ups and downs, the great mind also felt the helplessness of life. Dongpo tried to shake off his spirit. The prevailing Zen thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi at that time undoubtedly gave him a glimmer of hope. In such a transcendental realm, he pursues adaptability and yearns for an open-minded and peaceful life. "When you lose yourself, you feel bad about your words. Jiang Zuo is a romantic, and he only seeks fame when he is drunk. I am a Muslim, and I can talk and laugh all my life. The body is like a bamboo exposed to the wind, and Ran Yan is startled by the leaves. Pitching has its own ambitions, and wine poetry is self-contained. " "Stupid crawling leaf worm, flying high. Once you have two wings, you will be sad. A bird chirping in the same nest can be relied on because of fear. Go to Shuisheng Erbei, when will it be returned after it is closed? Who is Erchong? One smile makes a hundred ideas fail. Fortunately, this is not a room, and there are wine lords who do not violate it. " Su Shi's self-understanding in the face of the contradiction between ideal and reality. "Ten years of dreams send the north wind, and this is a real field." He wants to spend the rest of his life in a quiet and beautiful environment, and there seems to be a sigh of drunkenness. But he wasn't really drunk. What makes him drunk is his attitude towards suffering and persecution. He is "indifferent to the sea", how heroic. Therefore, the more comfortable he is, the more he seeks relief, the more he covers up his inner pain with superficial detachment, the more he shows his optimism and stubbornness, and his incomparably broad-minded mind is the more admirable and shocking. "Fresh frost and bright chrysanthemum, the sound of chute bed", Dongpo left him with spiritual pleasure and spiritual pleasure. Between sobriety and drunkenness, only one heart beats forever. At the same time, as a politician and artist, Su Shi is both unfortunate and lucky. Unfortunately, he has experienced too many ups and downs in his life. Fortunately, it was this misfortune that gave birth to his poetic talent, which made him set up a brand-new monument in the creation of ci, created another precedent of ci, and had his own unique artistic characteristics. There are always different opinions about the artistic features of Su Shi's ci, which can be roughly divided into four categories. One is "bold and unconstrained", the other is "graceful and restrained", the third is "clear and heroic" and the fourth is "affectionate, thoughtful and sincere". As far as "uninhibited" is concerned, Su Shi wrote more than 300 poems in his life, including about 62 poems in the early stage, which were elegant because of Zhang Ziye's influence, and a considerable number of works were not uninhibited in the middle and late stage. Su Shi is unique in "deep affection", "deep thought" and "true feelings", as are Bai Juyi, Lu You and Xin Qiji. In the words of Japanese scholar Xi Zhao Ji, it is: "The characteristics of Su Ci, in a word,' Zi Zhan takes poetry as his ci'." Wang Zhuo's Biji Manzhi said: Su Shi's "taking poetry as a word" is to "point out the upward road in the world, give new eyes and ears, and make the author know himself and inspire himself". In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Ci, as a means of enjoyment before singing and dancing, had an indissoluble bond with eroticism. Ouyang Jiong's Preface to Flowers clearly says: "Carving jade and carving jade, imitating chemical industry, is unique; Cut flowers and leaves, seize the beauty of spring and compete for freshness. ..... There are Ye Yan's sons, embroidering beauties, handing out leaf stationery and painting beautiful brocade; Lift the delicate jade finger and beat the fragrant sandalwood. Not without clear words, but with a charming gesture. Prostitutes in the north have been fanned since the Southern Dynasties Palace. Yu Yu, the so-called show is not true. " Chen, a litterateur in the Song Dynasty, recorded clearly in "Preface to Yangchun Collection": "When Jinling was at its peak, there was nothing inside and outside, relatives and friends kissed the old, or it was a banquet. Even more, it is a new word for Yuefu, so that singers can sing on silk and bamboo, so they can entertain guests and send them off. " Even in the eyes of people at that time, this is the essence of ci, "without some gorgeous words, it is not like the style of ci writers" (Shen Yifu's Yuefu Finger Fan). Ouyang Jiong has a poem "Nanxiangzi", which describes the fresh and beautiful scenery in the southern countryside: "When the road enters the south, the sandalwood leaves are dark red. After a light rain, people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are collecting red beans. -the fiber at the bottom of the tree is waving. " The last point of brush strokes is the delicate "plain hand". From this point of view, "Ci is a colorful subject" is a common mentality of people in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. In the early Song Dynasty, after a period of flooding in the Five Dynasties, especially in the early period of Western Shu, Ci, as a dissolute and enchanting image, was more deeply rooted in people's hearts. Even Yan Shu, who satirizes Liu Yong's "unintentional dancing in Iraq", is full of "a crisp piece of silk, bright lips, pouring green wine and covering with a red scarf" and "slowly attracting my little mother to dance back" Ouyang Wenzhong, who advocates "learning from ancient Ming Dow", even has a lingering tune of "Laughing at the window and caring for each other" ... Love the word "Yuanyang" and "staying in the shadow and starting over", how can a book be written? As for Liu Yong, the content of his ci is slightly expanded. The bustling life of the city, the ideology of the citizens, the grievances of frustrated literati, the unfortunate experiences of lower-class women and so on. As a new theme, it appears from time to time in his works, but as the main theme of Liu Ci, it is still the affair of children. It can be said that ci has become a catharsis tool for literati's irresistible lust. Only when Su Shi arrived did Song Ci embark on the "upward road". He doesn't like Liu Yong's self-indulgence and Yan Shu's self-division. Instead, it has made earth-shaking changes from the concept itself-improving the quality of Ci. The concrete way is to pull the words to poetry, so that "Ke Yan" and "Xiao Ji" glow with the orthodoxy of poetry. That is to say, "taking poetry as a word" mentioned above, or using words to write all kinds of serious and "flashy" poems, which have always been "orthodox" in simple and complicated real life. We can make a simple comparison between Li Qingzhao and Su Shi, from which we can see how he "improved poetry" and "took poetry as a word". In the history of literature, Li Qingzhao is famous for her poems, but she also writes poems. However, major themes such as current affairs and politics, chanting history and nostalgia are generally recited in poems, while minor themes such as personal joys and sorrows, chanting flowers and cherishing spring are generally given words. This makes most of her poems with obvious political inclination, solemn and stirring. Let's try to read her summer quatrains. "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost. ".I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. "It's like seeing angry King Kong. Commenting on her poem "Ode to an Epic", Zhu once said: "Although China's dispersion is not a country, it is comparable to Wang Mang. In this case, the average woman can't say it. " ("Zhu Lei" Volume 140) However, due to the narrow theme of her ci, people don't feel any "heroic" spirit, which is somewhat immature. For example, her "Plum and Plum": "Flowers come from Shui Piao, one kind of acacia, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation. You can only frown and take it to heart. " Delicate and realistic writing about the psychological state of women in boudoir has reached an unprecedented height in the authenticity and profundity of feelings, which is not found in her poems. In the Outline of the History of China's Ci, Hu commented that her Ci "can best express the beautiful sentiments of women". In the past, all the' boudoir feelings' and' women's language' written by male poets will be eclipsed in front of the clear photos. Different from Li Qingzhao, Su Shi's ci and his poems are basically the same or similar in both ideological content and artistic style. We try to read his "Hunting in Jiangchengzi Mizhou", which shows that the "old father-in-law" was extremely brave and heroic in the middle of the year, and defended the border and attacked the enemy. Reading his "Don't Listen to the Beating of Leaves in the Woods", we can see that he is not afraid of the wind and rain, but complacent in adversity, that is, "I will stand firm despite difficulties and obstacles" (Xiao Shijie's Preface to the Tang and Song Dynasties) and let nature take its course. Reading his "Huanxisha: Blue Buds Soaking in the Stream under the Mountain", we can see his strong and positive optimism. In order to commemorate his dead wife, he wrote "Ten Years of Life and Death in Jiang", and shed "a thousand tears" for his dead wife. Thinking of his lost brother, he wrote "When will there be a bright moon?" , expressed the brotherhood of "wishing people a long time, thousands of miles away". When he thought of his hometown, he wrote "Jianghan came from the west, and the tall buildings were dark blue grapes, but he still brought himself, and the snow waves were spring in Jinjiang" ("Man Jiang Hong"). Seeing the flowers and the moon in front of him, he "advised the horizon and the moon with a cup, wishing the moon was full." Holding a cup is more to persuade the flowering branches, hoping that the flowering branches will grow, and I will not leave them "("Yu Meiren "). He not only wrote serious life content in words, but also expressed his love for his children in words, and he was still lingering and graceful.