Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are cells from the cell mass in mammalian blastocysts, which have the ability to proliferate indefinitely and maintain pluripotency.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) introduce some transcription factors into animal or human cells by gene transfection technology, and reprogram them to become pluripotent cells like ES cells, which are very similar to ES cells in cell morphology, growth characteristics, surface markers and teratoma formation.

References Progress in Veterinary Medicine 20 10/0,31(4): 99—102 Research progress in induced pluripotent stem cells, Qiu, Wu Qinghong, Gu;