Thesis title, intermediate level of hydraulic engineering: discussion on hydraulic engineering design
Design is a very important part of water conservancy project, but the development of the times puts forward high requirements for water conservancy project design. How to combine these requirements and do a good job in architectural design of water conservancy and hydropower projects is worth our deep thinking. This paper mainly expounds the present situation and prospect of water conservancy design with water conservancy engineering design as an important content.
Keyword design; There is a problem; Governance;
Water conservancy project is a very important part of design, but with the development of the times, it also puts forward high requirements for engineering design. How to combine these requirements and do a good job in the design of water conservancy and hydropower construction projects deserves our deep consideration. This paper expounds the present situation and prospect of hydraulic design as an important part of engineering design.
Keywords: design; Problems; Governance;
Undo modification
China Library Classification Number: S6 1 1 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:
1. Introduction
In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, design departments at all levels undertake a series of design work such as project planning, feasibility study, preliminary design and construction design. This paper analyzes the present situation of water conservancy and hydropower engineering design and the common problems in design. Some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the aspects of improving the responsibility, professional quality and strengthening supervision of designers.
2. Current water conservancy project design
1) The construction organization design is too simple.
Whether the organization design of water conservancy project is detailed and comprehensive directly affects the development and implementation of the next work of water conservancy project. However, most water conservancy projects are only very simple in organizational design, such as external traffic, construction diversion, earth-moving distance, river closure scheme, source of building materials, water and electricity supply, construction site environment and so on. , which has brought many problems to the bidding work of water conservancy projects, and the claims of construction parties have become frequent.
2) Waste of water resources
Agriculture is a big water user in China, and the utilization rate of water resources is only about 40%, while the utilization coefficient of irrigation water in China is only about 0.45. If the utilization rate of irrigation water is increased by 10%, water can be saved by 410.90 billion m3 per year, which is equivalent to the total water regulation of the east and middle routes of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. China's second largest water industry is industry. Smelting 1t iron consumes 70~ 100m3 of water, and the reuse rate of water is 70% ~80%, while it is 7~8m3 and 97% abroad in 1990s. At present, citizens in China are not aware of water conservation, and the long-term implementation of welfare water supply makes the water price low. People don't understand the preciousness of water, and the amount of water flowing out of the tap that is not closed is quite amazing.
3) Sewage deteriorates water quality.
The water resources in China are being polluted by agricultural, industrial and domestic garbage, and the water quality is seriously deteriorating. A large number of untreated or incompletely treated industrial and domestic sewage directly flows into river sections and rivers, seriously polluting water bodies. According to the data of the relevant departments of the Environmental Protection Bureau, nearly14 of the river sections and rivers in China have been seriously polluted, which can not reach the level of irrigation water. Rural pollutants have a large output, wide distribution and many kinds, but the relevant treatment has just been put on the agenda, and there are no effective measures and obvious actions at present. According to experts, the total discharge of pollutants is reduced by 2/3 to meet the environmental capacity. However, in all the sewage treatment plants that have been built, due to imperfect planning, the construction of water pipe network does not match the sewage treatment plants, and there are problems to varying degrees.
4) Is there anything wrong with the design? Cut corners? Bad behavior of
The deepening of water conservancy project design not only means the gradual decomposition and refinement of project cost, engineering quantity and structure diagram, but also includes the improvement and supplement of design basic data and the deeper demonstration of water conservancy project design scheme. The actual design fee has included the cost of supplementary links. The actual situation in engineering project design is that the next design link directly uses the basic data of the previous link, but it has not been supplemented and improved in detail, and the design scheme has not been demonstrated in depth, but only applies the conclusions and achievements of the previous link.
5) The design organization lacks the consciousness of serving the owner.
Due to the continuous innovation of China's investment system, the owners are responsible for the construction and development of water conservancy projects. Project owners are responsible for financing, repayment, planning, capital appreciation, capital preservation and management of water conservancy projects, and will inevitably pay great attention to the investment benefit and cost control of water conservancy projects. However, the current design agencies do not have a deep understanding of the mood of the owners, nor can they understand many requirements put forward by the owners. Whenever there is a disagreement with the owner on the water conservancy project, the design agency will perfunctory the owner with excuses such as superior documents and specifications.
6) The investment estimate is not accurate enough.
The investment budget of water conservancy project is not accurate enough, which is manifested in: the unit price analysis is incorrect, and the unit price is not accurately analyzed according to the specific price standard set in the design scheme. In order to save time, some engineering designs usually use the unit price analysis table of previous projects without reasonable adjustment according to the actual material price, which leads to the unit price of these projects being too high or too low, and ultimately has a negative impact on the whole water conservancy project; The detailed description of the preparation of the budget estimate is too simple, and the annexes and schedules are incomplete; When calculating the independent cost, the old standard is adopted, which leads to the low or high engineering design cost.
3. Development trend of water conservancy project design in China.
The present situation of water conservancy project design in China shows that the current water conservancy project design restricts the progress and reform of water conservancy system to a great extent and hinders the smooth development of water conservancy project design in China. Therefore, the future design of water conservancy projects in China may have the following development trends.
1) The design institute contracted to design the road.
Through the concrete practice analysis of water conservancy project design contracted by design institute, it is found that water conservancy project design contracted by design institute can effectively integrate various resources of water conservancy project and has very obvious development advantages. These advantages include:
1 can save a lot of construction funds. The general contracting of water conservancy projects by design institutes can make engineering designers pay more attention to the project investment and design the best water conservancy project design scheme, which can not only simplify the flow of various media and promote the economic and efficient operation of the project, but also make the material flow, process layout and process flow more reasonable, realize the consumption reduction and energy saving of water conservancy project construction, with the ultimate goal of saving investment and reducing the project cost;
2 can promote the construction department, the procurement department and the design department to be closely integrated. Construction, procurement and design engineers can fully communicate technology and information, avoid the bad phenomenon that construction, procurement and design are fragmented, and effectively put an end to construction mistakes and procurement mistakes caused by not understanding design intentions;
○3 can effectively improve the management level of water conservancy projects. The design institute can effectively grasp the progress of the whole process of water conservancy project, and finally strictly control the quality, cost and progress at the target value through scientific analysis and management;
○4 can accelerate the pace of innovation and reform. Designers directly participate in the whole process of procurement, commissioning and construction, and keep close contact with relevant markets, so as to directly apply the lessons and problems generated to the design improvement of water conservancy projects. In addition, engineers can deepen their practical work and improve the design level of the project, which can generate more power for technological innovation.
2) Seriously carry out work safety in production.
Give priority to prevention, strengthen supervision, implement responsibilities and continue to carry out? Safe production year? Activities; Establish and improve the safety production supervision and management institutions, equip full-time safety production supervision and management personnel, and implement the safety production responsibilities at all levels; Earnestly do a good job in safety production inspection, rectification of hidden dangers of accidents and monitoring of dangerous sources, go deep into the reservoir construction site to carry out safety inspections before and during the flood season, effectively prevent and resolutely curb serious water conservancy production safety accidents; Organize publicity, education and training on production safety, further enhance safety awareness and further improve the ability and level of supervision and management.
3) Further solve the quality problem of designers.
In the next few years, China's relevant departments will pay more attention to the adjustment of talent structure, strengthen talent training, rationally use talents, gradually improve the employment environment, establish strict and effective restraint and incentive systems in the flow of production factors, personnel and labor management, production organization and other aspects, fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of engineering designers, and improve the treatment of designers.
4) Strengthen and improve the legal system construction and review.
In recent years, great changes have taken place in the management and production of water conservancy engineering design enterprises in China, which are gradually changing from integration and specialization to professional management as the basis and project management as the core, and the management modes of various engineering projects will also change. At present, the concrete standards of water conservancy construction in China are basically a standard system that organically combines recommended standards and mandatory standards, and there are a series of problems such as inadequate implementation of standards, complicated contents and insufficient supervision. In the future, the evaluation and design experts of China's water conservancy authorities must make full use of the law to regulate the market and make a comprehensive review. In the review process, it is necessary to go to the field frequently to learn more details, and formulate corresponding regulations, guidelines and requirements to implement the corresponding requirements in the review design stage.
5) Cultivate more comprehensive talents.
In order to vigorously promote the smooth progress of water conservancy project design, China will establish a file of excellent water conservancy project construction talents in the future, and plan to train engineering talents in project management, computer application, knowledge structure, project evaluation and engineering construction experience, and continuously train more and better comprehensive water conservancy project construction talents to promote the development of water conservancy project construction in China.
4. Concluding remarks
Through the description of water conservancy project design in recent years, the main problems existing in water conservancy project design are systematically summarized and analyzed, and the corresponding solutions are put forward, which provides reference for optimizing design of small and medium-sized water conservancy projects, improving design quality and improving overall design level.
refer to
[1] Liu Houhu. Problems and improvement measures in hydraulic engineering design [J]. China High-tech Enterprise, 20 10(9).
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