Abstract: With the continuous development of urbanization in China, rural compulsory education has encountered many problems, especially rural primary school compulsory education. Urbanization is the inevitable trend of rural modernization. In the current process of urbanization, there are some problems in the development of rural basic education, such as strengthening the concept of "entering a higher school", ignoring the "educational value" of basic education, increasing dropouts caused by "identity" in time, declining the educational quality of left-behind farmers and migrant children, and unreasonable curriculum structure. By analyzing the influence of urbanization on rural primary education, this paper probes into the problems existing in rural primary education in the process of urbanization, and advances some countermeasures for developing rural primary education.

Keywords: urbanization; Rural education; primary education

In the process of urbanization, the urbanization of rural areas and rural education is an irresistible trend. Coordinate the development of social undertakings and give priority to the development of compulsory education, so that rural education will gradually develop in the direction of urbanization education. At present, China regards rural education as a priority area, prevents rural education from being depressed, and strives to promote the development of rural compulsory education in the direction of urbanization, that is, the integrated development mechanism of urban compulsory education has basically taken shape, and the conditions for running rural compulsory education schools have obviously improved. The overall improvement of the quality of rural compulsory education teachers has initially improved the quality of rural education and the quality of the people, among which the development of teachers is one of the basic problems of educational development.

1 the impact of urbanization on rural primary education

1.65438+ Economic development restricts the development of education. For a long time, China's education investment has invested less in gross national product and material education, and even less in rural education. At present, rural education measures are still outdated, backward and aging, and some teaching facilities are seriously lacking, which leads to many teaching activities being unable to be carried out. In addition, factors such as unsatisfactory accommodation environment in primary schools also directly restrict the development of rural primary education [1].

1.2 rural primary school teachers are relatively weak: at present, rural teachers' subsidies and teachers' salaries are relatively small, which leads to a large loss of excellent teachers, and rural primary school education lacks excellent teachers, which makes rural primary school students unable to get a good education, resulting in the following types of rural primary school teachers: one is experienced teachers, the other is very young inexperienced teachers, and there are substitute teachers with little experience. Most of their education is based on the traditional teaching method of a blackboard, a piece of chalk and a mouth. This teaching mode not only puts pressure on teachers and students, wastes a lot of time and energy, but also can't meet the needs of contemporary teaching, making the teaching effect not obvious. Moreover, some teachers have insufficient professional knowledge and reserves, which can no longer meet the teaching needs of implementing the new curriculum. This leads to a decrease in the number of students and a decrease in the demand for teachers' teaching. There are many problems in this teacher-student structure. For some disciplines such as physical education, music and fine arts, the number of teachers is insufficient, and one teacher often teaches several majors well, which seriously restricts the all-round development of rural primary school students in morality, intelligence, physique and aesthetics. Schools and teachers should also change the practice of blindly pursuing the enrollment rate and overemphasizing the examination subjects, put the all-round development of students in the first place, and treat teachers and teaching in all disciplines equally.

1.3 lack of campus culture: nowadays, rural primary schools almost ignore the construction of school culture, which leads to rural primary schools living in the shadow of a single cultural class and being restricted and influenced by objective reasons. Teachers have the only data of students' grades, and students are not allowed to read extracurricular books. Schools should take exams blindly, but the campus with rich cultural atmosphere has actually become a cultural island. Children can only practice all kinds of exercises mechanically and dully. Bound in the sea of books all day, burdened with the pressure of junior high school, unable to enjoy colorful study life, underdeveloped rural economy and insufficient funds, students can hardly carry out multimedia cultural activities, which seriously affects the richness of students' school life and their inability to accept knowledge effectively and happily.

2 Some measures to solve the problems of rural primary education in the process of urbanization

2. 1 establish an incentive mechanism in the process of school management: establish an incentive mechanism in the process of school management, and a good incentive mechanism in the process of school management will mobilize teachers' initiative, thus improving the quality of education. Schools can encourage from both material and spiritual aspects, and material rewards may be relatively less obvious [2]. In rural primary schools in economically poor areas, some small material rewards may not get a good incentive effect, but spiritual incentives can play a good auxiliary role, such as encouraging rural primary school teachers to actively learn advanced teaching methods, actively accept the educational concept of cash, and create conditions to encourage teachers to participate in further training, academic exchanges and other activities to promote teachers' professional development. Reform the rural teacher establishment system. The current teacher establishment is determined according to the standard of 200 1 primary and secondary schools. Improving the demand of rural teachers and building a strong team of teachers are the basic guarantee for the development of rural education.

2.2 Fully recommend the construction of campus culture: creating a relaxed and lively teaching environment is the condition for students to develop morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically and laboriously. Establishing a relaxed and lively teaching environment and innovating primary education are the keys to stimulate, induce and strengthen students' innovative consciousness. Broadening pupils' intelligence and thinking is conducive to students' healthy development. School is an important place to train people, and it is the first growing environment for students to leave home. Therefore, school philosophy, school song, school spirit and school motto are all important hidden courses that affect the healthy development of students' body and mind. The construction of primary school learning culture must follow the characteristics of schools and teachers and students. We can start from two aspects. First of all, the construction of spiritual culture should put the education of spiritual civilization on the agenda. There is still a big gap between regional social life style and social production mode with different urbanization levels, but all kinds of rural areas should face the challenge of rapid development of rural urbanization.

3 Conclusion

Over the years, the party and the state have always attached great importance to education. Compared with urbanization education, rural education is still relatively backward. Relatively novel teaching methods should be introduced, so that students can better master knowledge and accept knowledge flexibly while playing and doing middle school. The level of rural education is relatively backward, especially in the process of urbanization, rural education has exposed many problems. To this end. We have taken the development of rural education as a breakthrough and adopted a series of development strategies. Promote the high development of rural education and improve the knowledge and cultural level of rural population. Gradually promote population growth, and then realize urban-rural overall planning and sustainable development, and build a new type of urbanization that serves and integrates urban and rural areas. Rural teachers should be properly trained so that students can accept different teaching forms.

Author: Tan Welfare Unit: Xiaowande Primary School, Wande Town, Changqing District, Jinan City, Shandong Province

References:

Liu Yunbo, Bai Hua. Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Education in the Process of New Urbanization [J]. Journal of Chang 'an University (Social Science Edition), 2015,03 (03):109-13.

[2] Liu Yunbo, Bai Hua. Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Education in the Process of New Urbanization [J]. Journal of Chang 'an University (Social Science Edition), 2015,06 (03):109-13.

[3] Liu Lu, Wei. Research on Teacher Development in the Urbanization of Rural Education [J]. Journal of Sichuan Vocational and Technical College, 2012,05 (01): 54-57.