Ceng Wei, an expert on highway and bridge, is a pioneer in highway science research in China. When participating in the compilation of China's 12 scientific plan, it was proposed that highway pavement should be listed as one of the key points, which promoted the scientific research work of highway pavement in China. For highway bridge construction, he first introduced plate-shell structure to reduce the amount of steel bars in the bridge. In order to give full play to the role of the old bridge and improve its service ability, the nonlinear analysis of the structure is studied. Since the reform and opening up, he proposed to carry out theoretical and technical research on the structural design of long-span bridges; Advocate the development of steel bridge, and personally put into the research work. He promoted the modernization of highway construction, the development of expressways and the construction of large bridges in China. He attaches importance to cultivating talents and sets an example, which is exemplary.
Chinese name: Ceng Wei.
Alias: Zeng Jingxian
Nationality: China.
Place of Birth: Changle County, Fujian Province
Date of birth: 19 13 1.8.
Occupation: highway and bridge expert
Graduate school: Department of Civil Engineering, Beiyang Institute of Technology
Representative works: design and calculation of superstructure of highway hyperbolic arch bridge, etc.
Degree: Bachelor of Engineering, Master of Civil Engineering, Doctor.
biographical notes
19 13 1.8 was born in Changle county, Fujian province.
1935 graduated from the civil engineering department of Beiyang institute of technology with a bachelor's degree in engineering.
1936 obtained a master's degree in civil engineering from Cornell University.
1936- 1938 studying for a doctorate at Cornell university.
65438-0938, teacher of Civil Engineering Department of Hunan University.
1938- 1939 served as the deputy engineering department of the highway general administration of the Ministry of Communications of Chongqing National Government.
1939- 1946 Professor of Central Institute of Technology, Central University, Chongqing University and Fudan University.
1946- 1947 professor of Beiyang university and director of the department of civil engineering.
1947- 1949 as the chief engineer of Taiwan Province Continental Engineering Company.
1950- 195 1 Professor, Tianjin Beiyang University.
195 1- 1954 served as the first-class expert and chief engineer of the General Administration of Highways of Northeast People's Government.
1954, he has served as deputy chief engineer of the Highway Administration of the Ministry of Communications, vice president of the Highway Research Institute, chief engineer of the Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications, chief engineer of the Science and Technology Bureau of the Ministry of Communications, researcher of the Highway Research Institute, honorary chairman of the academic committee and chairman of the academic degree committee.
1980- 1986 served as the communication member of the international RILEMLTO/45 committee.
1983- 1985 Member of the First Engineering Appraisal Group of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee.
1983- 1988 used to be a member of the invention selection Committee of the state science and technology commission and a member of the engineering construction review group.
1983 —— Member of civil engineering discipline group of China Academy of Sciences.
Character experience
Ceng Wei, formerly known as Zeng Jingxian. 19 13 1.8 was born in Changle county, Fujian province. Ceng Wei lived a mobile life from northeast to southwest with his parents when he was a child. 1922 When he was 9 years old, he went to Beijing from Sichuan and lived in his uncle's house. After graduating from Huiwen Primary School in Beijing, he entered Huiwen Middle School and the middle school affiliated to Beijing Normal University, and then entered the junior high school of Harbin East Railway Xugong Vocational School to study civil construction technology. 1927, the school was renamed as the first senior industrial school in the eastern special zone. 193 1, Ceng Wei was admitted to the Civil Engineering Department of Northeastern University with excellent results. After the September 18th Incident, Northeastern University went into exile in Beiping, where he studied in the Department of Civil Engineering of Tianjin Beiyang University. 1935 After graduation, he went to the Graduate School of Cornell University in the United States for further study, and obtained a master's degree in civil engineering in 1936. At that time, American highways were developing, and soil mechanics was still a new discipline. He went on to study for a doctorate, majoring in structural engineering, with the first minor in highway engineering and the second minor in soil mechanics and foundation engineering. The consciousness of "saving the country by industry" prompted him to choose the road of transforming society and nature, thus laying the foundation for him to engage in bridge and highway construction.
1937 1 1 His father was transferred to Guangxi to preside over the salt audit. On the way from Hunan to Guangxi, his car had an accident while crossing Lingling ferry, and his parents died. After learning the bad news, Ceng Wei hurried back to China to attend the funeral on February 1938 without waiting for the defense of his doctoral thesis. At that time, the Chongqing National Government did not engage in construction, so he had to take the road of teaching life. First, he was employed by Hunan University. Later, when the Japanese invaders bombed the Changsha campus of Hunan University, Hunan University moved to Chenxi, Xiangxi. For the education of younger siblings, Ceng Wei accepted the arrangement of her teacher Mao Yisheng to work in the Bridge Design Department of the Ministry of Communications of Chongqing National Government. Later, he entered the expressway comprehensive management office of the Ministry of Communications. Because he was not used to guarding his desk and had no technical work, he returned to the field of education.
65438-0939, Director of Civil Engineering Department of Chongqing Central Industrial Vocational School. Due to the heavy burden of life, Ceng Wei teaches in several universities in Chongqing. He didn't leave Sichuan until after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, when his four siblings graduated from university and the youngest sister was admitted to Shanghai Medical University.
1946, applied to return to Beiyang University as a professor and head of the Department of Civil Engineering. 1In the autumn of 947, I worked as the chief engineer in Taiwan Province Continental Engineering Company run by my classmates, engaged in the design and construction of some civil buildings. At the beginning of 1949, he left Taiwan Province Province for Hongkong. In Hongkong, he saw the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) and decided to go back to China to participate in the construction. He returned to Tianjin from Hong Kong during 165438+ 10, and returned to teach at Beiyang University again, ending his half-life history of hesitation.
1950 Shortly after he returned to Beiyang University, the General Administration of Highways of the Northeast People's Government contacted the Ministry of Communications and invited him to Shenyang to participate in the design of the Hunhe and Taizihe bridges. He put forward a plan to build a reinforced concrete beam bridge and measures to improve pavement performance by using local materials through maintenance, both of which were adopted. At the end of 1950, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea began, and the Northeast Highway Administration invited him to go to the Northeast again to discuss the restoration and construction of highway bridges in Qian Qian. After reporting to the Ministry of Communications and seconding Beiyang University, he stayed in Shenyang to preside over the construction of Qian Qian highway and bridge in the name of an expert. Referring to the experience of repairing bridges in the Soviet Union after the war, he hoisted the damaged Hunhe reinforced concrete cantilever bridge in Shenyang from the water to repair it, which won the time and application effect and was the first in China. He often goes deep into the scene and works with cadres and workers. He was highly praised by Soviet experts from the Ministry of Communications and recommended as the chief engineer of Northeast Highway Administration.
During his stay in Northeast China, he presided over the construction of Shenyang-Dalian, Gaizhuang and Shen An highways. In the absence of building materials, he paved the graded pavement with gravel to keep it open to traffic, built a self-designed reinforced concrete double beam bridge on the Shenyang-Dalian line, and used water jet sinking piles on the Songhua River Bridge in Jilin. During the period of 1953, he used domestic asphalt, coal tar pitch and oil shale residue for the first time when repairing Shenfu black pavement highway. These were the first in China at that time. In the 1950s, the whole country was learning from the advanced experience of the Soviet Union, and the experience of infrastructure management was introduced into China's highway construction, and he was ahead of the whole country. He can have serious discussions with Soviet experts, and he has a good relationship with them. 1954 was transferred to Beijing as the deputy chief engineer of the General Administration of Highways of the Ministry of Communications of the Central People's Government. 1955, during the restoration of Nanchang Bayi bridge, he put forward the scheme of combining reinforced concrete slab with steel truss and the scheme of strengthening pier with prefabricated pontoon, which were all realized. This composite steel truss bridge was the latest technology at that time. 1At the end of 954, he attended the opening ceremony of the Kangzang Qinghai-Tibet (at that time, it was only a simple highway) in Lhasa. Golmud marched with the construction troops and camped on the plateau all the way. By the way, the preliminary reconnaissance task of the routine construction of Qinghai-Tibet Highway in the passing area was completed.
1956, China compiled the Twelve-year Plan for the Development of Science and Technology. Presided over the preparation of scientific highway planning, and participated in the planning of transportation and construction disciplines. In the planning work, considering that smooth traffic conditions will greatly promote economic development, Ceng Wei put forward that highway pavement should be one of the key points of planning and development, which greatly promoted the start and development of highway pavement science in China, and made a group of people in China concentrate on pavement research and buy one.
In the same year, the Ministry of Communications set up the preparatory office of Highway Research Institute, and served as the director and vice president in June+10, 5438, and embarked on the road of highway scientific research. Although he spent 20 years on the bumpy road from 65438 to 0957 after the anti-Rightists, he still made every effort to make contributions. The convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee gave Ceng Wei, who was nearly seventy years old, another chance to display his talents. The Rightist issue has also been completely rehabilitated. From 1980 to 1985, he went to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe to attend international academic conferences three times. Although he has many relatives in the United States, Japan and Eastern Europe, and his relatives also hope that he can enjoy his old age abroad, he has a strong sense of responsibility for China's highway cause, which prevents him from staying abroad. Even when 1979 and 1985 visited relatives in the United States, they visited some highway scientific research institutions in the United States through various relationships and collected a large number of scientific and technological materials that were not available in China. Among his luggage, there are dozens of kilograms of books, magazines, a large number of essays and complete sets of test reports. After returning home, he put these materials on the public shelves of the Bridge and Culvert Research Office for comrades to consult. 1986 joined the China * * * production party, and 1992 was awarded the honorary title of excellent * * * production party member by the central state organs. 1990 65438+ 10 On October 5th, the fifth edition of the overseas edition of People's Daily published a newsletter "The scenery here is unique", which reported his course of choosing the capitalist life path. The 80-year-old intellectual's life is not dull, but a life of persistent pursuit.
Ceng Wei has held many social posts, including director of China Highway Society, honorary director, director of China theoretical and applied mechanics Society, vice chairman of Bridge Society of China Highway Society and honorary director of china civil engineering society Bridge Society.
Character contribution
Ceng Wei has made great contributions to the development of bridge engineering technology and theory in China.
Assembly prestress technology is the development trend of modern concrete bridge structure. When Ceng Wei participated in compiling China 12 scientific plan, he listed prestress and assembly as the development principles of structural engineering. The first prefabricated prestressed reinforced concrete beam test bridge on China Highway (located on Yongding River to the west of the original Lugou Bridge) was proposed by Ceng Wei in 1956 according to this principle. At first, technicians such as Huang Wenji and Xia Jiabang from the preparatory office of Highway Research Institute were appointed to make technical preparations. Later, with the support of the Highway General Administration of the Ministry of Communications and Beijing Municipality, the design and construction were jointly completed by the Highway Design Institute and the First Highway Engineering Bureau. At that time, the advanced experience of the Soviet Union was introduced. However, due to the lack of domestic steel and the low level of prestressed equipment, it can not be popularized, so that this technology has not been developed on the expressway for a long time. Until 1964, he arranged the first prestressed reinforced concrete T-shaped rigid frame bridge (Wuling Weihe Bridge) in China on the local railway in Henan Province through the students who presided over the highway design work in Henan Province, and it was built by Zhou Feng, an engineer in the Bridge and Culvert Research Office of the Transportation Research Institute. The bridge was built entirely by our own equipment and technology.
He also organized the study of glued wooden bridges, and built a glued wood truss bridge in Fujian. Due to poor anti-corrosion technology, it only took less than ten years. At that time, the maximum span of the standard drawing of stone arch bridge provided by the Soviet Union was only 16 meters, and the standard drawing of assembled reinforced concrete including prestressed reinforced concrete bridge was also restricted by conditions and could not be widely used. So, where is the way out for China's bridge construction? This is the question that Ceng Wei thought about day and night at that time, and the only feasible answer he finally found was to take China's own road. When he was studying in the United States, he thought that to develop reinforced concrete structures, although the steel used should be imported, the proportion used was not large, and cement could be produced in China. Therefore, he made great efforts to study reinforced concrete rigid frame bridges and arch bridges, and his doctoral thesis was based on the interaction of reinforced concrete arch bridges. But after returning home, he saw that this technology, which was in the leading position in the world at that time, was far behind the construction of old China. In practice, he found that the arch structure has a long tradition in China, and the people also have rich skills in building arch bridges. Zhao Zhouqiao, which has been used for 1300 years, was undoubtedly first-class in the world at that time. Even using modern structural theory, this Millennium-old bridge is almost perfect. From 65438 to 0956, Ceng Wei arranged Yang High School to study the historical experience of China, especially the southern stone arch bridge, the scientific basis for the simplicity and lightness of the stone arch bridge and its adaptability to soft foundation. Although this part of the work failed to continue after the anti-rightist struggle, this traditional arch bridge has been greatly developed in the subsequent upsurge of mass road construction. Due to the lack of steel and cement, wooden bridges are difficult to last, so stone arch bridges have been greatly developed. On the basis of large-scale arch bridge repair, Ceng Wei accepted the experimental research task of building an arch bridge with small stone concrete rubble. After cooperating with Hubei Provincial Communications Department, he carried out a lot of experiments and obtained complete data, put forward the numerical basis of this kind of masonry strength, and compiled it into the Code for Design of Stone Arch Bridges, which filled the gap in this respect and improved the utilization value of local materials with little cost.
1962, Hunan province began to rebuild a large number of dangerous bridges with wooden bridges on stone platforms. At this time, China has completed the second five-year plan, and the wooden deck can no longer meet the needs of economic construction and development. The original stone bridge abutment was suitable for beam structure, but at that time there were only standard drawings of assembled T-beams and plate beams in the Soviet Union and imitation of the Soviet Union. According to these drawings, not only a lot of steel is used, but also the hoisting weight of prefabricated components is very heavy, and many construction units do not have large transportation and hoisting equipment. In view of this situation, Ceng Wei proposed to split the whole beam into parts, prefabricate the main beam and the panel separately, and then assemble them after they are transported to the site. The bridge deck is slightly bent to save steel, thus forming the structure of "composite beam with few tendons and slightly bent plates". This structure uses less steel, is suitable for standardized production, and is convenient for manufacture, handling, hoisting and installation. Under the guidance and participation of Ceng Wei, this structural type was determined through full-scale model test in the laboratory and repeated verification of real bridge on site. It is a scientific research achievement with theoretical and scientific basis, which is original for China and also creates a precedent for the design of highway bridges according to the limit state in China. Soon after its appearance, this new structure spread in full swing, not only for the reconstruction of dangerous bridges, but also for many new bridges, not only for small and medium-sized bridges, but also for beam bridges with a length exceeding 1000 meters on wide and shallow rivers. In just a few years, hundreds of thousands of linear meters have been built all over the country.
From 1972, Ceng Wei participated in guiding the design and theoretical research of hyperbolic arch bridge. He and members of the research group participated in specific experiments and field work and obtained direct first-hand data. He wrote the book "Superstructure Design and Calculation of Highway Double-curved Arch Bridge", which made this bridge with China characteristics take a big step forward from years of practice to theoretical elaboration. The appearance of hyperbolic arch bridge makes China's masonry arch bridge stand in the forefront of the world in the construction technology of assembling without support. Because it greatly simplifies the transportation and hoisting technology, it effectively promotes the construction of local highway bridges in China, making hyperbolic arch bridges blossom everywhere in the country. Ceng Wei was one of the winners of 1979 national science conference award for "scientific research of hyperbolic arch bridge" and 1985 national science and technology progress award for "popularization of highway hyperbolic arch bridge". On the basis of experimental research on double-curved arch bridge, Ceng Wei put forward the concept of "rigid arch bridge", which is lighter, simpler and clearer in overall function. The design and calculation of this kind of structure, which is based on arch and fixedly connected with inclined leg rigid frame, involves the problem of high-order statically indeterminate, and manual calculation is powerless. Therefore, the "rigid arch bridge" is the product of the combination of Ceng Wei's thought and modern science and technology, including computer and spatial structure analysis. Rigid-frame arch bridge has light structure, less steel consumption, reasonable arrangement of stress components, full use of the tensile and compressive bending properties of materials, and beautiful appearance in many places.
Precast composite structure of reinforced concrete beams and slabs is the focus of long-term scientific research in Ceng Wei. He instructed researchers and his graduate students to study highway bridge deck for decades, and the research results were not only applied to reinforced concrete composite beam bridges, but also to hyperbolic arches, truss arches, rigid-frame arches and other bridge types. The research work has also made a major breakthrough in theory. In the nonlinear calculation and analysis of plates, it is a big step forward than the yield line method commonly used abroad. The analysis and calculation of the performance and stress of bridge deck under moving load and concentrated wheel load have rarely been studied at home and abroad before. On the basis of experimental research, 199 1 published the book "New Highway Deck" and collected a series of research results presided over by him.
After decades of construction, hundreds of thousands of bridges have been put into use in China. With the development of national economy, the increase of traffic volume and the increase of vehicle load, whether the old bridges that have been used for many years and those designed according to lower standards can bear greater load and how much load they can bear is a big problem related to whether a large number of old bridges can continue to be used. In recent years, he has directed graduate students to carry out extensive research work in the field of nonlinearity, to study the performance of materials after linear deformation stage, and to explore the potential of bearing capacity of bridge structures. This research work will rejuvenate many old bridges.
Ceng Wei, as a consultant of the research group, made suggestions and suggestions for the establishment of China's highway bridge modernization management and evaluation system (CBMS), which changed the backward state of highway bridges without systematic files in the past, and established a computer management network, which can directly query the structure, economic indicators, maintenance history and existing diseases of each bridge, and can automatically evaluate the service conditions of bridges and put forward reinforcement countermeasures.
For vocational trainers
Since 1938, Ceng Wei has worked in teaching, design, construction and scientific research for more than half a century. He is a technical expert with profound basic theory, rich practical experience and comprehensive knowledge in highway industry. He has always attached great importance to the cultivation of talents and the combination of theory and practice, and believes that all work can't be done well or even impossible without suitable supporting talents. Therefore, from the Anti-Japanese War to today's reform and opening up, he has never forgotten to train talents in any job.
1939 leads students to participate in practical engineering practice in civil engineering teaching of Chongqing Central Industrial Vocational School. Later, the school set up a five-year college called Central Institute of Technology to recruit students who graduated from junior high school and completed the main courses of the same major in five years. The graduates of this school not only have high theoretical level, but also have strong practical ability, which is very popular with employers. Ceng Wei's vocational education practice of training intermediate technical talents 50 years ago has also played a great role in future engineering construction, which is worth popularizing.
In the early 1950s, during the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, he not only undertook the heavy task of repairing highways in Northeast China, but also took time out to hold technical training courses to help technical backbones improve their professional level. Later, when he was the chief engineer of the Northeast Highway Administration, he initiated the establishment of a formal Northeast Transportation School. Northeast Jiaotong School is the earliest professional school established in China to train highway talents. Many early graduates have become senior technical backbones in different fields of highway industry and managers in important positions.
From 1938, his teaching objects include secondary school students, junior college students, college students and graduate students, which is also the embodiment of his support for Jackie Chan's educational thought. By the end of 1970s, the secondary school, junior college and university education in domestic highway industry had basically reached a certain scale. Considering that economic development will definitely put forward more and higher requirements for highways, Ceng Wei thinks it is necessary to further improve the professional education of highway industry, cultivate graduate students with deeper theoretical foundation, and make Jackie Chan's professional and technical team adapt to the needs of further development of highway industry. Through his creativity and repeated efforts, highway scientific research units began to recruit graduate students, which enabled scientific research units to have high-quality reserve forces, further improved some qualified on-the-job scientific and technological personnel, and promoted the improvement of their own professional and technical level. Through Ceng Wei's continuous efforts, in the mid-1980s, the Highway Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications established the graduate department, and the State Education Commission recognized the Highway Research Institute as the awarding point for master's degrees in road engineering and bridge engineering. Prior to this, in order to support the development of postgraduate education in highway industry colleges and universities, he took the lead as the postgraduate tutor of Xi 'an Highway College, and trained a group of postgraduate students in several years, which created conditions for Xi 'an Highway College to take the lead in setting up a doctoral degree awarding point in highway specialty.
Ceng Wei is still the honorary chairman of the Academic Committee and the chairman of the Academic Degree Committee of the Highway Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications. He always pays attention to training and guiding young scientific and technological workers to continuously improve their theoretical level and professional skills. For decades, all the comrades he worked with, whether workers or engineers, were taught by him. From structural theory to construction technology, he can give satisfactory answers to people who come to consult, and even some young people have to give a satisfactory explanation from different angles when reading foreign materials. So everyone praised him for his tireless teaching, approachable, answering questions and unreserved good style.
Ceng Wei showed pragmatism everywhere in his work, and he also infected his comrades around him with pragmatism in educating and training technicians and graduate students. In the early 1970s, Zeng Weigang was transferred from the May 7th Cadre School to the Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications. He undertook the experimental research task of hyperbolic arch bridge. After the "Cultural Revolution" was destroyed, highway research had neither equipment nor assistants. He had to borrow the laboratory of the Railway Research Institute to arrange the test site, and temporarily found several old workers and young comrades to form the experimental group. In order to carry out the experiment, Ceng Wei, who was over 60 years old at that time, not only personally designed the model, but also personally ran materials, equipment and borrowed instruments. From making a model to starting the testing machine, he climbed up and down to check and make records. He did all the work conscientiously, and all the workers and technicians involved in the experiment were moved. Qi Xin cooperated to complete the experimental task. From 1973 to 1978, in order to study the theory of hyperbolic arch bridge, he spent six years in the bridge factory of Wuxi County Transportation Bureau. In front of workers and technicians, he has no shelf, is pragmatic and willing to work, eats, lives and works with everyone, and helps everyone improve their quality through subtle words and deeds. This bridge factory has developed into a well-known bridge company in China, undertaking bridge engineering business inside and outside the province and at home and abroad. Talking about today's development, they are still obsessed with the technical and moral lessons given to them by Comrade Ceng Wei. For his graduate students, he is responsive and gives careful guidance, which not only helps them improve their business, but also cares about their political and ideological progress. Ceng Wei's spirit of striving for highway transportation without seeking fame and fortune has set a brilliant example for highway science and technology workers.
Main thesis
1 Editor-in-Chief Ceng Wei. Design and calculation of superstructure of highway hyperbolic arch bridge. Beijing: People Communications Publishing House, 1980.
Ceng Wei, Huang Wenji. Introduce a kind of bridge deck. Journal of Highway, 1982(2).
Ceng Wei, Huang Wenji and Wang Liyun. Study on slab bridge with less ribs and less axils. Highway traffic technology, 1982( 1).
4 Ceng Wei, Huang Wenji. Study on performance of pre-reinforced concrete bridge label. Beijing: Journal of the Society of Diplomatic and Structural Engineering, Vol. 1, 1982.
5 Ceng Wei and Cai. On-site testing and analysis services. Frame arch bridge. Buddist: Long-term Observation on the Structure of RILEM-ACI International Symposium, Proceedings, Volume 2, 1984.
Ceng Wei, Cai, Huang Wenji, et al. Precast rigid frame-plate shell arch bridge-test, analysis and construction. Moscow: Proceedings of International Conference 85, 1985.
Ceng Wei, Research on Structural Form and Design Theory of Long-span Bridges. Beijing: Selected Papers on Traffic Science and Technology Development Strategy, 1987.
Ceng Wei, Huang Wenji, Wang Yuchen. New highway bridge deck. Beijing: People Communications Publishing House, 1995438+0.