I. Financial risks existing in public institutions

investment risk

With the development of China's market economy, the investment scale of public institutions is constantly expanding, and the investment environment is becoming increasingly complex, which adds a lot of risks to the current investment of public institutions. In the actual investment process, due to the influence of internal and external factors, there is a lack of necessary supervision and management, and investment mistakes may occur. At present, the inward investment of public institutions is mainly used for infrastructure construction and equipment purchase. If there is a large investment, it may increase the risk of investment, which is beyond the capacity of the enterprise, and at the same time it will increase the difficulty of unit capital turnover and bring great debt risk.

Payment risk

Although the financial management system of institutions has been continuously reformed, in the actual payment process, some institutions will misappropriate special funds in order to achieve rapid development. Therefore, in order to ensure the balance of payments and constantly make up for the funding gap, institutions must bear the corresponding risk of illegal payment. At the same time, in the process of preparing for expansion, some units will sell on credit or owe money, which will greatly increase the payment risk of enterprises.

(3) Hidden risks

With the development of social economy, institutions constantly reform the accounting management system, which puts forward higher requirements and challenges for the comprehensive quality of current accounting personnel. In the actual work process, due to the influence of their own quality, many accountants find it difficult to accept new knowledge and technology and keep up with the needs of the current rapid economic development, which makes them often deviate in their work and reduces the quality of their work. This is a hidden risk faced by the organization and is not easy to be detected.

Second, the reasons that affect the financial risks of enterprises

There are many reasons that affect the financial risk of enterprises, mainly including internal reasons and external reasons.

(A) external reasons

First, relevant laws and regulations are not perfect. At present, the laws and regulations on asset management of public institutions in China are not perfect, and it is easy to be blindly invested or occupied, leading to the loss of state-owned assets. Second, the pace of reform is relatively slow. Although the state has put forward many targeted measures for the financial reform of public institutions, it lacks pertinence, effectiveness and standardization, and only makes partial adjustments and reforms to the financial reform of public institutions, without fundamentally solving the problem. Third, the evaluation system is not perfect. At present, there are more and more financial activities of enterprises, but there are many shortcomings in the social credit evaluation system. The increasingly serious dishonesty has increased the risk of enterprises' foreign investment, leading to investment failure.

(2) Internal reasons

First, the leaders of public institutions do not attach importance to it. In the actual work process, some leaders of public institutions unilaterally believe that financial management is the responsibility of accountants. At the same time, the internal financial accounting of public institutions is strict in the management of financial expenditure, with very specific and clear provisions. However, the management system of related assets in institutions is not perfect, illegal misappropriation occurs from time to time, and the responsibility is not clear, which leads to the waste of assets in institutions and increases the financial risk of units. Second, there are problems in budget management. With the deepening of institutional reform, although budget management has been further strengthened, in the actual work process, financial managers are not aware of it and their management efforts are not strong. At the same time, the budgets of many institutions only reflect the annual income and expenditure of institutions to a large extent. The main reason is that the budget preparation method is not scientific and reasonable, the content is not perfect, and it is difficult to grasp the economic activities of public institutions because of the lack of necessary internal restraint mechanism. In addition, the financial department can't really understand the potential risks in the process of financial management through the management of channels. Third, financial supervision is not strong enough. Under normal circumstances, the assets of public institutions are supported by the state. However, in the process of actual financial activities, the internal control of public institutions is not strong enough, and a good sense of responsibility has not been formed, which leads to the inconsistency between books and reality, the loss of state-owned assets and the existence of black-box operations.

Third, measures to prevent financial risks of institutions

In order to ensure the sound and rapid development of public institutions, public institutions should take effective measures, establish corresponding financial risk prevention systems and systems, and raise awareness of risk prevention.

(A) improve the risk awareness of accounting personnel

With the rapid development of society, people's values have also changed. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the moral quality of financial personnel and raise their awareness of financial risks. Institutions should strengthen their training, so that they can better understand the risks encountered in the actual work process, ensure that in the actual work, establish a scientific concept of risk, identify a variety of risks, and improve the ability of institutions to resist financial risks.

(B) the establishment of an effective risk prevention system

The sustainable development of public institutions needs to carry out effective reforms and establish and improve the financial risk system and risk system of public institutions. We can improve the accounting mechanism and strengthen fund management; At the same time, strengthen property examination and approval, control the authority of property examination and approval, formulate scientific and reasonable financial management plans, raise and use financial funds reasonably, and ensure the rationality and pertinence of budget preparation. It is also necessary to strengthen the management and supervision of budget preparation and implementation, ensure the transparency of accounting information, improve work efficiency, and ensure that the basic financial situation of public institutions is truly and objectively reflected.

(C) establish a sound internal control and evaluation system

To do a good job in financial risk supervision, we must strengthen the internal audit of public institutions, establish and improve the internal control system, constantly optimize the structural system, and maintain independence and authority. Other departments should accept the supervision of the audit department. In order to ensure the effectiveness of supervision, we should constantly introduce advanced supervision methods, improve the supervision system and raise the awareness of financial prevention. In addition, a perfect credit evaluation system should be established to punish the existing dishonesty to the maximum extent. It is necessary not only to establish a sound credit system within enterprises, but also to improve the national credit system to ensure a good environment for public institutions to invest. To sum up, in the actual process, institutions will face different degrees of financial risks. Therefore, institutions should formulate reasonable measures according to actual problems, constantly avoid existing financial risks, avoid the loss of state-owned assets, increase fiscal revenue, and promote the benign operation of institutions.

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