With China's entry into WTO and the integration of the world economy, how to survive and develop in the fierce competition is a problem faced by every China enterprise. Starting with the analysis of the development environment of enterprise e-commerce, this paper analyzes the factors restricting the development of enterprise e-commerce in China, and puts forward some countermeasures.
Keywords: enterprise e-commerce development environment development strategy
The definition of electronic commerce
E-commerce is also called e-commerce. It refers to the participants in commercial activities (including consumers, vendors, suppliers, employees of enterprises, banks or financial institutions, governments, etc.). In all stages of trade activities, various electronic tools and technologies are used to carry out transformation and innovation, so as to realize the automation and electronization of the whole trade activities. Simply put, e-commerce is all economic activities that use computer networks and data information to contact transaction subjects and bank credit methods.
E-commerce mainly covers three aspects: first, the electronization of government trade management, that is, the processing, transmission and storage of data and materials through network technology; Second, enterprise-level e-commerce, that is, enterprises use computer technology and network technology to achieve business activities with suppliers and users (B2B); The third is the e-commerce between enterprises and individuals, that is, the services and business behaviors (B2C) provided by enterprises for individuals through the network.
Second, the development of e-commerce should focus on the development of enterprise e-commerce.
First of all, from the perspective of transaction volume and transaction cost, the e-commerce business volume between enterprises is large and the operation volume is small, which has obvious effects on reducing circulation cost, improving market efficiency and improving the operation quality of the national economy. Usually, the single turnover between enterprises is hundreds or even tens of thousands of times that of individuals. It involves huge transaction volume, the scale of interactive information and the number of participants of enterprises. The involvement of advanced information technology in inter-enterprise transactions can improve the speed and save the costs of round-trip travel, accommodation and investment in trading facilities in traditional businesses. Therefore, the economic benefits generated by e-commerce are the basis and motive force for business development among enterprises.
Secondly, from the domestic practice and exploration in recent years, it is a feasible way for industrial and commercial enterprises to carry out electronic transformation of purchase and sale business according to their actual needs and relying on existing business partners and business channels. It has realistic business foundation and demand to transform the business process of enterprises and expand the market with e-commerce.
Thirdly, starting from the national conditions and realistic conditions of China, transforming traditional industries with e-commerce to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises is an important part of the development of e-commerce in China and a realistic choice to promote the start of e-commerce in China. Moreover, with the expansion of e-commerce in the future, small and medium-sized enterprises will become the main growth force of e-commerce activities among enterprises. Therefore, under the conditions of China's current consumption level, network infrastructure and social supporting environment, developing B to B business is more suitable for China's national conditions.
Third, the analysis of the development environment of enterprise e-commerce in China.
1, enterprise information construction environment
As the main body of e-commerce, the degree of informatization of enterprises is the basis of e-commerce operation. At present, most enterprises in China are in the transition stage, the modern enterprise system has not been generally established, and the progress of enterprise informatization is not satisfactory. At present, less than 1% of enterprises in China are online. Among 1500 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, only about 10% enterprises have realized enterprise informatization or made good use of information means. About 70% of enterprises have certain information means or are trying to realize enterprise information, and about 20% of enterprises only have a small number of computers, and only work on a single machine. In 10 million small and medium-sized enterprises, only a few have modern information means.
2. Policy and legal environment
Generally speaking, China's informatization policy is not perfect, especially in e-commerce, the relevant policies are not clear enough, the corresponding laws, regulations and standards are not perfect enough, and there are great problems in cross-departmental and cross-regional coordination. Because e-commerce involves not only the two parties to the transaction, but also many departments such as industrial and commercial administration, customs, insurance, finance and taxation, banking, etc., as well as different regions and different countries, it is necessary to have a unified legal and policy framework and a powerful comprehensive coordination agency across departments and regions to promote the vigorous development of e-commerce.
3. Financial electronic construction
Financial system is the basic guarantee of enterprise's business activities. The payment and settlement of e-commerce needs the close cooperation of e-finance system. At present, the electronic level of financial services in China is relatively backward, and the cross-regional and inter-bank electronic payment system has not yet been established. Problems such as online payment and settlement have greatly hindered the development of e-commerce in China. For example, Shanghai Xinhua Bookstore published book information online and received a large number of foreign orders. However, due to the lack of domestic electronic payment means, the business can not be closed, resulting in considerable economic losses. The urgent task is to speed up the establishment of fund settlement and financial management information systems between banks and between banks and enterprises, so that enterprises can use electronic payment conveniently anytime and anywhere and complete electronic transactions in real time.
4. Safety guarantee system
Information security in e-commerce is different from general information security. It has both the meaning of general information and the characteristics of financial industry and commercial information. Therefore, the operation of e-commerce involves many security issues, such as capital security, information security, commodity security, trade secrets and so on. It requires electronic commerce to be safer and more reliable than traditional paper trade, which is directly related to the interests of all parties in electronic transactions. At present, the online security technology and its authentication mechanism are not perfect, and the existing technical preventive measures of many banks obviously cannot meet the needs of large-scale electronic transactions. This is also an important reason why ordinary consumers hold a wait-and-see attitude towards e-commerce.
At the same time, the security of e-commerce involves not only technical issues, but also management issues and legal issues. The management standard of e-commerce in China has not been determined systematically, and the identification of illegal transactions in e-commerce by law is still in the exploratory stage. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the security issues in e-commerce.
5. Human resources
The key to the realization of e-commerce is people. At present, major enterprises lack business talents who are proficient in computer and network technology. The vigorous development of e-commerce makes knowledge-based talents scarce and needs to be supplemented. At present, China has not seen specific statistics on this situation. According to American statistics, there are hundreds of thousands of engineers, system analysts and programmers in China. Some foreign companies came to China to recruit software engineers. Japan, Canada, Britain, Singapore and other countries have begun to act in major cities in China, especially Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan and other cities with concentrated talents.
Fourth, enterprise e-commerce development strategy
1, improve the awareness of e-commerce of enterprises.
E-commerce changes business activities from material-centered to information-centered, which can greatly improve business efficiency, reduce costs, reduce the consumption of people, money and materials in business activities, and is conducive to the intensification and efficiency of commodity production in the whole society. Enterprises need to realize the necessity, possibility and good benefits of enterprise informatization strategically, make full use of information means, further understand and master in application, and continuously receive practical benefits, so as to enhance their confidence in promoting informatization. The government should also do a good job in organizing enterprise informatization and making development plans.
2. Accelerate the construction of network infrastructure and e-commerce supporting facilities.
Network infrastructure is an important "bottleneck" that restricts the vigorous development of e-commerce, and it is also the basis for enterprises to develop e-commerce. After years of development, China has made some achievements in the construction of network infrastructure. However, due to the lack of investment in network infrastructure construction in China, there is still a big gap between the development of network infrastructure and the development of e-commerce. Therefore, in order to promote the rapid development of e-commerce, we must increase the investment in network infrastructure construction and make the network infrastructure more perfect.
In addition, for "hard" products that cannot be delivered to consumers online through the Internet, the logistics part of traditional business activities is irreplaceable by e-commerce. Therefore, the establishment of a distribution center integrating business flow, logistics and information flow is a powerful guarantee for the development of e-commerce. The government should make unified planning and concentrate investment. First of all, it should establish a logistics distribution center in the urban market with developed information technology and network construction, and then gradually radiate outward to form a distribution center network all over the country.
3. Accelerate the process of financial electronization.
The development of e-commerce is inseparable from financial electronization, and only a reliable electronic payment method can ensure the smooth progress of e-commerce. In the process of e-finance, it is necessary to determine a unified online payment procedure for online electronic money issuance, and formulate unified standards in terms of security standards, confidentiality of customers' private information, and bank credit rating. At the same time, the central bank should strive to provide more and more perfect legal protection and policy support for online electronic payment in e-commerce activities, certify the qualifications of electronic money issuers and online electronic payment settlement entities, and provide a good policy environment for the accelerated development of e-commerce.
4. Establish a perfect safety guarantee system.
The government should start from three aspects to build a comprehensive security system for the safe operation of e-commerce. First, organize forces to screen e-commerce security technologies in line with China's national conditions. At present, the network security products used in China are basically "imported", so it has become an unavoidable problem to develop your own network security products. Second, strengthen the security management of e-commerce and standardize the trading behavior of buyers and sellers and intermediaries. At present, we should pay close attention to formulating standardized e-commerce standards. At the same time, relevant management standards should be issued as soon as possible. Third, improve e-commerce laws and regulations as soon as possible, clarify the legal relationship and legal responsibilities of all parties to the transaction, and severely crack down on all kinds of illegal transactions. Some of these problems are international and should be faced and solved by the whole world. One possible solution is to establish an independent international entity to manage and coordinate a unified procedure acceptable to the whole world.
5. Accelerate the training of e-commerce talents.
Implementing e-commerce is a huge social system engineering. The organic combination of information modernization and business needs a large number of compound talents who master modern information technology, modern business theory and practice. Whether a country or region can cultivate a large number of such compound talents has become the most critical factor for the development of e-commerce in that country or region. The state should encourage education departments to popularize network knowledge to students, offer elective courses such as e-commerce in qualified schools, especially some colleges and universities, and set up e-commerce majors separately to cultivate high-quality compound talents to meet the needs of society.