The analysis of this article in Wen Wei Po is based on the scoring standard of Shanghai college entrance examination composition, but after reading it, it is found that it can also be applied to the evaluation of college entrance examination composition everywhere.

◆ In argumentative essays, two types of compositions can get one type of volume: those with profound thoughts; Unique and innovative composition.

◆ To achieve first-class narrative style, it requires "close to the theme, sincere feelings, profound implication, endless aftertaste, rigorous structure, rich and vivid plot, vivid description, fluent language and literary talent"; Be able to ask questions vividly in the text and arouse readers' thinking; If the form of the proposition is a material composition, then the theme should be implied by narrative description or natural lyric. Using a paragraph to explain the relationship between articles and materials will be neither fish nor fowl, which will affect the score.

◆ In view of the harsh phenomenon of marking the college entrance examination papers in previous years and the usual school composition papers, teachers basically do not produce one type of papers, and strictly control the second type of papers. The marking group repeatedly stressed that the second type of paper is not a good composition, but a composition that is qualified in all aspects.

The evaluation principle of college entrance examination composition: the eight-character policy of "openness, tolerance, flexibility and diversity"

The so-called "openness" means: under the premise of correct examination, the marking group does not prescribe ideas in advance, and it is completely based on the actual situation of students' compositions. As long as it does not step on the "red line" of ideas, it must be evaluated fairly; The "red line" here refers to the concept that runs counter to social morality and law. For example, in an essay entitled "Fake", a student argued that the act of counterfeiting famous brands and piracy "brought benefits to the public, so it also had value of existence and should not be killed with a stick". This view obviously loses the most basic legal and moral bottom line.

The so-called "tolerance" means that the marking teacher can't decide the score according to whether the candidate's views and preferences are contrary to himself. As long as he can justify himself, he should give the corresponding score; For example, in 2005, candidates affirmed popular culture, quoted Jay Chou and other pop singers, and analyzed their value of existence. As long as the words are well-founded and well-founded, you should not give low marks because the marking teacher disagrees with your own views and likes and dislikes. Secondly, the marking teacher can't deny all the candidates' compositions just because their compositions reveal some negative thoughts (such as inner anguish and confusion). Usually, these ideas are more real and sometimes even more mature.

The so-called "flexibility and diversity" means that there is no restriction on the style of college entrance examination composition, and the evaluation criteria for various styles should be diversified, and candidates should be encouraged to use different styles and languages flexibly according to their own specialties. Especially the tolerance of students' composition, there are two important indicators.

First, unless the plagiarism of the full text is verified, it will not be graded. Unless the exam is wrong or not written, it is not easy to fail.

Second, don't judge students' compositions by mature standards of creative works in the examination room. For the composition in the examination room, the average writing time of candidates is only about 45 minutes, so the evaluation of this "hasty chapter" should not be too harsh; Composition is only a writing exercise for middle school students, and even full marks in a class should be allowed to have shortcomings or even defects. We believe that such standards are conducive to encouraging students to write freely, emancipate their minds and maintain and improve their interest in writing.

In practice, the marking group will generally determine the evaluation ideas and formulate corresponding scoring rules according to the composition topics of the year, including different evaluation requirements for different styles. This is to make the evaluation criteria easier to operate, let the marking teachers grasp the criteria more accurately, better implement the evaluation principle of "openness, flexibility, pluralism and tolerance", and let the candidates get the greatest freedom with as many restrictions as possible.

Keywords: college entrance examination composition evaluation:

Argumentative writing style emphasizes "ideological, unique and persuasive"

The narrative style is "image, uniqueness and appeal"

In recent years, the evaluation ideas of Shanghai college entrance examination composition can be summarized as several encouragements. First, encourage students to express their true feelings and sense of reality; The other is to encourage students to pay attention to society and life, and write thoughtful compositions through independent thinking. The third is to encourage innovation in content and form, and the fourth is to encourage a hundred flowers to blossom and all styles and styles to be compatible, and on this premise, to oppose flashy styles.

Generally speaking, the most commonly used style of candidates is argumentative style, followed by narrative style. The evaluation criteria of these two styles are obviously different, so the "Scoring Rules" respectively set practical standards. The key content of the stylistic evaluation of argumentative writing is "ideological, unique and persuasive", and the narrative writing style is "vivid, unique and appealing".

Let me talk about argumentative writing first.

A kind of volume

Generally speaking, two kinds of compositions can get one kind of paper. The first is a composition with profound thoughts, rigorous structure and beautiful language. Two, one of the above three standards is lacking, but the viewpoint or thinking angle is unique, or the language is mature and sophisticated.

The depth of thought is not unattainable. When marking papers, you don't necessarily need to have profound thoughts that others can't reach. It mainly depends on whether your discussion is hierarchical, whether the level can be improved, and whether the promotion is logical. Or whether your thinking in the composition of the college entrance examination in that year is different is intriguing, because the unique thinking itself is often a profound embodiment. In other words, two kinds of compositions can get one kind of paper: profound; Unique and innovative composition. Of course, the latter type of composition should also be excellent in language and structure.

Second class volume

The determination of the standard of second-class paper composition has the effect of affecting the whole body.

When selecting sample papers in the center of Shanghai college entrance examination composition marking, we changed the previous practice of selecting three types of papers first, and selected two types of papers first. In doing so, it is convenient for one type of volume to stand out, and it also makes three types of volumes obviously different from them. In view of the harsh marking of college entrance examination papers and school composition papers in previous years, teachers basically refused to give one type of papers and strictly controlled the second type of papers. The marking group repeatedly stressed that the second-class examination paper is not a good composition, but a composition that is qualified in all aspects. Therefore, the grading rules for second-class papers formulated by Shanghai Paper Industry are: "On the second class (59-62): aura and innovation, but in terms of ideology, writing structure and language expression. The second category (55-58): those who basically meet the overall standards and meet one of the following conditions: 1, with unique thinking, but have defects in some aspects such as ideological content, writing structure and language expression. 2. The new ideas are not enough, but they are stable and substantial. "

This law tells us that two kinds of compositions can be divided into two categories: one is an innovative composition with obvious defects in conception, structure or language, and the other is a composition with plain conception and rich content but insufficient language and structure. The purpose of this is by no means to lower the evaluation standard. On the contrary, it respects students' subjectivity and objective reality, which is more conducive to mobilizing students' writing enthusiasm and protecting students' writing interest. For students, there will be no more "no matter how hard you try, you can only get three categories". Learning has an upward goal, and efforts have an upward return. Fortunately, after years of hard work, the concept of "second-class thesis is not a good composition" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. "Writing is not creation, and teachers can make great achievements in teaching" has been implemented in teachers' actions. While protecting the writing personality of gifted students, students who can't write a composition have changed from "unqualified" to "qualified", from unclear thinking and logical confusion to dull and full, which has become the * * * of teachers. As a result, in recent years, the proportion of second-class compositions in college entrance examination has increased obviously, and the enthusiasm of students' compositions has been improved to a certain extent.

Three kinds of volumes

The three types of volumes are compositions that are neither original nor have obvious defects in ideological content, writing structure or language expression. As for the four types of papers, either the questions are wrong, or the content is very thin, or the center is unknown, the structure is incomplete, and the language is not fluent. In short, it is a failed composition. The five types of papers are basically digressions and unreasonable compositions, which are very rare in previous examination room compositions.

Re-discussion on narrative style

There are three obvious differences between this kind of composition and argumentative evaluation.

First, the argumentative essay requires a clear theme, and the narrative essay requires "close to the theme, sincere feelings, profound implications, endless aftertaste, rigorous structure, rich and vivid plot, vivid description, fluent language and literary talent." Obviously, a narrative with a clear theme may not get a high score.

Second, argumentative writing should not only ask questions, but also analyze and even solve problems, while narrative writing is different. Being able to ask questions vividly in the text can arouse readers' thinking, and it can also become an excellent work.

Third, if the proposition is a material composition, then writing an argumentative essay needs to explain the connection between the viewpoint and the material, but the description is not clear and must be explained. Instead, we should hint at the theme through narrative description or natural lyric. Using special paragraphs to explain the relationship between articles and materials will be neither fish nor fowl, which will affect the score.

According to the characteristics of narrative style, other volumes put forward corresponding requirements for vivid language, ingenious plot and meticulous description.

(The author is the deputy director of the Chinese Teaching and Research Center of East China Normal University, and has long served as the group leader and composition group leader of Shanghai College Entrance Examination Chinese Marking Center. )