In all fields, everyone has the experience of writing papers and is familiar with them. A thesis is an article to discuss or study a problem. You always have no way to write a paper? The following are the papers on logistics and supply chain management that I collected for you. Welcome to read the collection.
By expounding the development history and main differences between enterprise logistics management and supply chain management, this paper systematically introduces the basic theories of enterprise logistics management and supply chain management, puts forward the optimization standards of enterprise logistics management and supply chain management, and puts forward some suggestions for enterprise logistics and supply chain managers.
Keywords: logistics; Supply chain; operate
Abstract: This paper introduces the development process of enterprise logistics management and the main differences of supply chain management, systematically introduces the basic theories of logistics management and supply chain management, and puts forward the optimization standards of logistics management and supply chain management and the suggestions of enterprise logistics and supply chain managers.
Keywords: logistics; Supply chain; manage
1. Development of enterprise logistics management and supply chain management
The task of enterprise logistics management is to plan and coordinate all activities in order to achieve the expected service level and product quality while reducing costs as much as possible. Therefore, logistics management must be the basis of connecting market and supply. From raw material management to final product delivery, logistics has penetrated into the enterprise. The following figure can illustrate this point:
From a systematic point of view, logistics management needs the cooperation of logistics and information flow to expand the market, and also needs enterprises to operate directly across suppliers. Compared with the typical problems encountered by traditional enterprises, modern enterprises need completely different positioning strategies to achieve the goal of horizontal integration. For example, marketing and manufacturing have been regarded as two distinct activities in enterprises for many years. The manufacturing industry attaches importance to efficiency: mass production, little change in organizational structure and standardization of products. Marketing focuses on the competitive advantages brought by diversification, including service quality and diversified products. At best, the two can coexist, at worst, the contradiction between them is difficult to reconcile. In today's ever-changing market environment, marketing has been widely accepted, and understanding and meeting customer needs is the prerequisite for the survival of enterprises. If manufacturing and marketing activities go their own way again, it will not help the realization of the overall goal of the enterprise. Modern logistics puts forward logistics systematization (or integrated logistics and integrated logistics) and puts it into practice. Specifically, it is to extend logistics to both ends, adding new connotations. Enterprise logistics includes supply logistics, production logistics, sales logistics, recycling logistics and waste logistics. Therefore, in essence, logistics management is an integrated concept, which needs a systematic view of enterprises.
Supply chain management originated from logistics management. Logistics was first used in the military. After World War II, in order to efficiently manage material procurement, storage, transportation and facility location planning, American companies introduced logistics into the industrial field for the first time. Faced with the changes in today's global market, enterprises must re-examine the supply channels of entry and exit, as well as the corresponding operational values and management strategies. There are many reasons why enterprises invest in improving supply chain management. Efficient supply network management is the premise of quickly responding to the needs of customers in the global market.
According to traditional thinking, most enterprises regard themselves as an independent whole and think that they must compete with other enterprises to survive. This is mostly influenced by Darwin's concept of "survival of the fittest". However, if competition leads to unpredictable cooperation, then the theory is broken? There is also a different theory, which is supply chain integration.
2, the difference between enterprise logistics management and supply chain management
We must realize that the concept of supply chain is not just a simple extension of logistics. Logistics management mainly involves internal optimization of enterprises, while supply chain management thinks that it is not enough to realize internal integration only. The following figure shows how the integration is implemented step by step.
In the first stage, manufacturing, procurement and other business functions are isolated from each other and each completes its own tasks. For example, in order to optimize manufacturing costs, manufacturing departments make great efforts in long-term production and operation, regardless of whether to increase inventory, the demand for inventory space, and the impact on working capital. In the second stage, enterprises recognize the most basic integration requirements between related functions, such as distribution and material management or procurement and physical control. Naturally, the third stage is to establish and implement an end-to-end planning framework. The fourth stage is the real supply chain integration, which is the further expansion of the third stage. This step is to coordinate the relationship between upstream and suppliers, and downstream and consumers. Therefore, logistics management and supply chain management are essentially different.
3. Basic theories of logistics management and supply chain management.
With the advent of the era of supply chain competition, many theories have emerged to guide managers. In a word, this is the "4R"-responsiveness, reliability, elasticity and reliability.
Quick response: In this world that requires "just-in-time", responding to customers' needs in a short time window is an important ability of enterprises. For enterprises, production must be driven by demand, not by forecasting, and they should rely on agility to trade. To do this, it is not only the company itself that needs to work hard, but the whole supply chain.
Reliability: One of the key points to improve logistics reliability is to improve the visibility of supply chain. Try to make the supply chain more open and the end-to-end path clearly visible.
Elasticity: One of the characteristics of today's market is variability. The business and economic environment is uncertain and discontinuous. Therefore, the supply chain is easily interrupted and the continuity of business is threatened. In the past, the main starting point of supply chain design was cost minimization or service optimization, but now it is "flexibility". Elasticity has better ability to cope with uncertain environment. A resilient supply chain has many characteristics, the most important of which is to pay more attention to its most vulnerable places.
Relationship: Competitive advantage can come from win-win mode, that is, establishing long-term cooperative relationship with suppliers. The higher the degree of interdependence, the less likely competitors are to break their chains.
The four theories of rapid response, reliability, elasticity and interrelation provide the foundation for successful logistics management and supply chain management.
4. Optimize logistics management and supply chain management.
Supply chain management integrates the business processes separated in the past through the Internet and e-commerce, covering the whole process from suppliers to customers, including raw material suppliers, external processing and assembly, manufacturing, sales, distribution and transportation, wholesalers, retailers, warehousing and customer service, and realizes the whole business process from production field to circulation field in one step. This requires selecting the best companies and cooperating with them at every stage of the supply chain to establish new business systems and processes to make the flow of products, information and funds more effective. After the internal supply chain relationship is straightened out, the investigated company will quickly establish a solid cooperative relationship with key customers and suppliers. Establish an evaluation system of supply chain and logistics to evaluate service and quality. Make corresponding plans and strategies for the company's development. One of the main reasons for the success of Japanese enterprises lies in the coordination and integration of all links in the supply chain. For example, within an enterprise, TQM (Total Quality Management) and JIT (Just in Time Management) are adopted to emphasize the cooperation between departments in order to reduce costs and improve quality. Outside the enterprise, adopt outsourcing system and reduce the number of parts suppliers, establish cooperative partnership with them, improve quality and reduce costs; In addition, customers' needs are brought into the enterprise management system, and flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is adopted to improve the adaptability and service level of enterprises.
The whole purpose of supply chain and logistics management is to ensure that the cost of supply chain increases very little, and at the same time provide services according to customer requirements. To formulate logistics strategy by the market, we must be able to achieve "service perfection" in a lasting and cost-effective way.
Only by determining the standards in advance can the service performance be effectively controlled. Fundamentally speaking, there is only one service standard, that is, 100% meets customer expectations. To this end, suppliers need to clearly and objectively understand customer needs, and at the same time visualize the service expected by customers. In other words, the services that suppliers are willing to provide and can provide should fully meet the expectations of customers.
The standards specified by customers are the most effective. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct customer surveys and competitive benchmark studies in order to design customer service standards for each market segment. Standards must be formulated in some important areas: order cycle, inventory availability, order size limit, order convenience, delivery frequency, delivery reliability, document quality, claim procedure, order perfection, technical support and order status information. Each standard can quantitatively measure customer needs. Not only that, they are also used to compare with competitive performance.
5 Implications for future logistics and supply chain managers
To be a successful logistics and supply chain manager, you should have seven management skills for business transformation. The following table lists the skills that managers should have in seven business transformations.
Although these are only some representative skills, it fully shows that it is imperative for enterprises to establish formal education and training in information systems, change management and other fields. Because these skills can be acquired not only through experience and self-mastery, but also through the training of appropriate management education programs.
refer to
[1] Niu Yulong. A practical dictionary of modern logistics [M]. Beijing: China Economic Publishing House. 2004。
[2] (Britain) martin christopher. He mingke and others. Logistics supply chain management [M]. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press. 2006。
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