Keywords:: family incentives and control measures for juvenile delinquency
First, the influence of family factors on juvenile delinquency
In recent years, the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency is increasing day by day, and juvenile delinquency and so on. With special emphasis on the reasons for socialization in an unfavorable external environment, it has an important impact on their crimes. [1] The most important role of family in the social control of teenagers' lives is the understanding of various crimes in community schools. As Crime Goff, an American sociologist, pointed out, "a key role in playing juvenile delinquency in the family is the most concerned and often repeated discovery of deviant behavior research." [2] Bad family environment is an important reason for juvenile delinquency. More and more related cases show that family is the beginning of the basic distortion in the process of children's crime. Only a good family environment, for the healthy growth of teenagers, can make teenagers who actively commit crimes lose the foundation and foundation of their existence.
An empirical analysis of two "family crises" leading to high crime rate among teenagers
"Crisis family" refers to families with improper family education or imperfect family structure and bad family atmosphere. Family education ① leads to [1] poor understanding or lack of family. Families like juvenile delinquents are on the rise year by year.
Family education
Improper family education, the main types of family discipline and the types of parents' own misconduct are rude, doting and laissez-faire families. According to the autocratic punishment law that teenagers are cursed by their parents, for example, in 35% surveys, 20% people are spoiled and spoiled, and the proportion of people who don't ask is over 25%. It can be seen that family education is closely related to children's crimes.
"Rough" family education makes children easy to feel inferior, rebellious, withdrawn, hostile and aggressive.
Violent crime is its main type. "Spoil" family education parents spoil their children too much, so that children develop morbid stubbornness, arrogance, egoism, possessiveness, personality and other deformities from an early age. There are two cases of "laissez-faire" family education: one is that affordable families are at a lower level and do not pay attention to sending their children to school, so that children can jump ship or start businesses prematurely, and the other is that they have wrong beliefs about what children are at school and give up family education on their own initiative. Children drop out of school easily, which makes them more likely to commit crimes. Improper family education leads to the deviation of its educational function, and the crime rate of these young families is high.
(b) The natural structure of the family is not perfect.
A study of juvenile delinquency in prisons in China shows that 52.4% of them are divorced, separated, remarried, widowed and grandparents. It can be seen that families with imperfect natural structure have many adverse effects on the development of teenagers. The natural structure of family is not perfect, including incomplete family, broken family, relaxed family and grandparents' family. At the same time, being born in such a young man's family can be seen from peer relationship, self-control, personality, morality and the obviously unhealthy family study of young people.
(3) Not good
Family atmosphere Family atmosphere mainly refers to the relationship between parents and parents, parents and children. It has a negative impact on the formation of teenagers' psychological atmosphere, quality, personality, family conflicts and values. There are two main types of family halitosis, psychological disharmony and domestic violence. If family members don't understand each other and can't communicate with each other, it will easily lead to psychological and personality incompatibility or mutual closure, which will make family education in a passive state, unable to prevent functional loss as soon as possible, forming a vicious circle and eventually slipping into the swamp; Domestic violence refers to parents and family members who neglect domestic violence or abuse children, abandon or sexually abuse other people's families. The bad atmosphere of family factors may be the reason for minors' criminal motives. Our survey shows that 67% of families with negative atmosphere for a long time or in the near future, especially violent family environment, commit violent crimes among teenagers.
Third, at the family level, in order to prevent and control juvenile delinquency from the source.
All measures must give full play to the role of the family as a social control mechanism.
(A) established a good cooperative relationship
Family is very important for the healthy, harmonious and harmonious family relationship of teenagers' mental health development. According to social control theory, there is a strong social relationship between the role of family and teenagers in preventing juvenile delinquency, because this relationship will make teenagers and society take responsibility. When a person realizes that his family or most families have greater social morality and social order, and more importantly, he proves the role of a stronger "social bond", this person will not be the social expectation of crime. On the contrary, if a person opposes the values and beliefs of traditional society and lets his intuition do things, then he will be more likely to commit crimes without "social relations". Therefore, parents should establish their loving and happy laughter in their children's living environment when they grow up, and they will find that they are defending themselves, so that children in the family have a sense of belonging and attachment, and gradually form the ability of self-control and care for others, thus playing a role in preventing juvenile delinquency.
Parents master education.
First, pay attention to the general direction of children's development, care about children's basic values, ideological and moral education and behavior training. First, we should ensure the healthy growth of children, let go on the basis of objective analysis, understand and correct their behaviors, trust their abilities and strengths, and let them make mistakes.
Second, the correct way to grasp rewards and punishments should be rewarded, because you pay attention to your child's attitude, the courage and perseverance to work hard to overcome difficulties, not the results. You can encourage children to get close to improvement activities and develop good habits and qualities, while children should minimize the negative effects of compensation and bear the punishment brought by punishment confrontation.
Strengthen communication with children, educate children to be sensible, understand children, and respect children's personality. Simple and rude ways will only cause children's disgust, resistance and even direct confrontation. In addition, it is not easy for parents to make them more respectful and grateful, to make them understand their responsibilities to the family, to strengthen their sense of family responsibility and cohesion, and to cultivate their abilities in future social life.
(3) Strengthen family education
The theory of social control clearly shows that the parent-child relationship in the family is very important to prevent juvenile delinquency. The reason why young people have problems, although from the "gravity" of the outside world, is largely from the "push" family, so it is necessary to reshape and strengthen the family discipline responsibility of young people. Family education, family education, strengthening ideals and moral education not only promote the healthy growth of their ideals, but also eliminate bad behavior, criminal behavior and erosion temptation in thought and resistance. Moral education helps to improve the quality of teenagers, help to identify or control their own behaviors, and has better autonomic nerve function and educational function, so that people can consciously standardize their behavior characteristics and resist the temptation of various negative phenomena.
Legal education in the family is helpful to cultivate legal awareness and children's childhood concept. Many facts show that the vast majority of juvenile criminals and their parents have extremely weak legal concepts. Their children have committed crimes, and their parents think they are innocent. So how should parents correct their children's education methods? Although a considerable number of young criminals are in custody and realize that their actions have violated the law, it is too late to regret it. Therefore, it is very important for families to strive to improve the level of law popularization. First of all, parents need to know themselves, so that they can educate their children about the law in their daily lives, let them know what is illegal and what is a crime, what kind of society will cause damage to individuals and families, and what legal responsibilities they should bear, so that children can understand the importance of behavioral restraint from an early age, thus effectively preventing juvenile delinquency.
Fourthly, the external environment of juvenile family crime.
The first is to rely on the strength of the family to prevent and strengthen supervision. Family can't treat failure from the inside out. In order to improve the situation of juvenile delinquency, we mainly rely on strong social control, including administrative and legal intervention. In China, the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency are two basic laws to protect the healthy growth of teenagers, but "laws alone are not enough for you." What is needed is the joint efforts of the whole society to formulate practical preventive measures, strengthen preventive work, create a fresh, civilized and energetic society to educate and publicize the juvenile legal system, and prevent and reduce the occurrence environment of juvenile delinquency.
(1) Mobilize the execution organs of juvenile criminal proceedings to actively participate, empower the administrative authorities to actively intervene in legislation, apply for an "emergency protection order", and actively protect the "family crisis force" of teenagers. Administrative organs should also set up "child welfare" and set up special funds to encourage individuals and families to actively apply for guardianship to take care of teenagers in "crisis families"
(2) Establish a specialized agency to deal with the problem of minors in the process of divorce. These specialized agencies should be composed of at least three young experts, and young people should participate in these specialized agencies. At the same time, it is necessary to formulate a "welfare plan", which is implemented by the administrative organs relying on young people.
(3) Schools, communities, social organizations, non-governmental organizations and individual citizens should actively participate in youth protection. Teenagers are generally at school, and these changes can find schools (teachers) earlier. Community is a place where teenagers live, and it can also be an abnormal place for early teenagers, which shows that local administrative organs should provide protection for teenagers from "crisis families" at the earliest stage when necessary. The whole society should actively participate in the protection of young people, publicize legal knowledge, and effectively serve the young people's hopes for the future of the country, not just the children of a family.
In short, the family is the initial part to promote the integration of teenagers into the same community, and it is also responsible for helping the family to provide care and protection, just to ensure the physical and mental health and happiness of teenagers. It can be seen that solving the problem of juvenile delinquency and returning to the origin of the family will help teenagers to deeply understand the difficulties and problems in the family. This is the key to ensure their correct entry into society and prevent them from embarking on the road of crime.