1. Concise: The abstract should be concise and clear, highlighting the core content and main points of the paper. Avoid long and tedious sentences and try to express them in concise language.
2. Clear structure: The abstract should have a clear structure, including research background, purpose, methods, results and conclusions. Organize the contents in this order, so that readers can quickly understand the overall framework of the research.
3. Key information: The abstract should provide enough key information, but not too detailed. Focus on the innovation, important findings and main conclusions of the research to attract readers to read the full text further.
4. Language accuracy: use accurate and clear language to describe the main content of learning, and avoid using vague or ambiguous words. Pay attention to the use of academic terms and domain-specific vocabulary, and ensure that the abstract is easy to understand and not too professional.
5. Correct grammar and spelling: Make sure that the grammar and spelling in the abstract are correct. Check and proofread the abstract carefully to avoid spelling mistakes, grammatical errors or other language problems.
6. Follow periodical requirements: Different periodicals and academic conferences may have specific requirements on the format and length of abstracts, such as word limit and paragraph structure. Please be sure to write an abstract according to the requirements of the journal.
Finally, in order to ensure the quality of the abstract, it is suggested that you write the whole paper before writing the abstract, so as to better grasp the core content and theme of the paper. At the same time, peers or tutors can be invited to review and provide feedback, so as to further improve and perfect the expression of the abstract.