1. Knowing that Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are world-famous art treasures, I am proud of the splendid ancient art in China.

2. Be able to find out the key words and correctly understand the meaning of the fourth and fifth paragraphs.

Be able to recite the fourth and fifth paragraphs of the text.

Second, the importance and difficulty of teaching

Can find out the key words and correctly understand the meaning of the fourth and fifth paragraphs.

Third, the teaching process

(A) Import under the pretext of

1, see the picture introduction.

The Chinese nation has a long history, and its culture and art have a long history. There is a bright pearl in the treasure house of ancient art in China. What is this? Let's look at some pictures first. (Showing the slide of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes)

2. Students exchange and discuss.

Yes, it is the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang (please briefly introduce it). Today, the teacher will take you to this mysterious place.

(B) beginners text, the overall perception

1. Read the text freely and softly.

Requirements: read the pronunciation correctly, recognize the font and understand the meaning in the context;

Try to underline the sentences that can express the main meaning of each paragraph.

2. Read aloud by name (ask students to find their favorite paragraphs and read aloud so that the teacher can check the effect of self-reading).

3. Communicate the sentences that express the central meaning in each paragraph. The teacher chooses the central word to write a simple blackboard.

Statue-Exquisite

treasure house of arts

Murals-colorful

(c) To study in depth paragraphs 4 and 5 of the text

1, learn the fourth paragraph.

(1) Say the name of the soundtrack and read it aloud. Other students listen and feel the content of the picture, and realize what is mainly painted on the picture.

② Discuss and find out the corresponding sentences from the text.

③ Read aloud.

(4) Comparing the readings,

She raised her legs, stretched out her arms, put the pipa behind her head and plucked the strings.

She gently lifted her legs, stretched her arms, held the pipa high above her head, and then plucked the strings.

Guide the students to find verbs, so as to appreciate the beauty of women's dance in the picture.

⑤ Learn the first sentence of the text and feel the colorful murals from the background.

2. Learn the fifth paragraph.

Students write feelings. How do you feel when you see such murals? Please write it down.

② Communicate the feelings written down.

(3) Just after learning the text, the students all said their feelings, so what did the author feel after swimming? Let's learn the last paragraph of the text together.

4 read the text with emotion and experience the vivid picture content.

3. Recite paragraphs 4 and 5.

① Students prepare themselves.

(2) Check the recitation (students can choose their favorite paragraphs to recite)

(D) teachers sum up, infiltration of emotional education

(5) Assign homework 1, and accumulate 4 and 5. 2. Collect relevant information on the Internet and compile a handwritten newspaper. 3. Choose a scene from the third paragraph and draw a picture.

The wonderful teaching design of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes (the second teaching goal)

1, learn the new words in this lesson 14 and understand the meaning of 28 words.

2. Be able to find keywords; Correctly understand the main meaning of paragraphs t, 2 and 3.

It seems that using "not only ... but also ..." to make a sentence, you can grasp the key words, abbreviate the sentence, and add correct punctuation to the sentence according to the text.

4. Be able to recite paragraph 4 and 1 of the text.

1. Knowing that Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are world-famous art treasures, I love our national culture even more.

Teaching emphases and difficulties

Teaching emphasis: learn the new word 14 and understand the meaning of 28 words; Can find out the key words and correctly understand the main meaning of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.

Teaching difficulties: being able to master key words and abbreviated sentences.

Lesson 65438

(A) Teaching objectives

1. Learn the new words and phrases in this lesson and get a preliminary understanding of the text.

2. Be able to grasp the key words and understand the main meaning of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.

(B) Teaching process

1. Reveal the topic.

Solve the problem. Mogao Grottoes is located in the southeast of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province, China. Together with Longmen Grottoes in Henan and Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi, it is called the three treasure houses of China Grottoes. There are nearly 500 caves on the 3-mile-long wall of Mingsha Mountain, and each cave has colorful Buddha statues and colorful murals. The introduction of the text is vivid.

2. Learn the text by yourself.

(1) Read the text silently and think: ① From what aspects does this text introduce Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes? ② What impression did Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes leave on you?

(2) Learn new words by yourself, contact the context, and understand new words and wages.

3. Check the self-study situation.

(1) Tell me how to understand two thinking problems.

(2) Read the text by name and correct the pronunciation.

(3) Check the mastery of new words.

4. Introduction 1 paragraph.

(1) simultaneous reading.

(2) Discussion: ① What sentence is this passage written around? (Find out the key words in this passage) ② Why is it called "a world-famous art treasure house"? (Underline the words indicating quantity) ③ Think about the relationship between these sentences and the key words.

(3) Read the text by name and ask the students to talk about the main meaning of this paragraph according to the key words.

5. Guide reading the second paragraph.

(1) Read the text silently and find out the key words: exquisite artistic crystal.

(2) Thinking: Why is the "Thousand Buddha Cave" statue a beautiful work of art? Read the second sentence.

(3) Discuss the relationship between these two sentences.

(The first sentence 1 is a general reference, and the second sentence is a specific reference. From the comparison between "the largest Buddha statue" and "the smallest bodhisattva", the exquisite craftsmanship is illustrated. )

6. Guide the reading of the third paragraph.

(1) Read the text by name and find out the key words of this paragraph: "The murals in Dunhuang are as colorful as flowers."

(2) Talk about the main meaning of two sentences in the text. (Sentence 1 Using the analogy of "as beautiful as flowers and jade", it is always said that "Dunhuang murals" are "colorful"; In the second sentence, the rich content of murals specifically explains the "colorful" mentioned in the sentence 1. )

(3) Ask the students to read the text aloud, and instruct them to say one word in the figurative sentence of "…… like ……" and the figurative sentence of "some ……" respectively.

7. Read paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of the text.

Discussion: What are the main contents of these three texts?

8. Homework:

Exercise book after class, question 5, question 1.

second kind

(A) Teaching objectives

1. Can grasp the key words to abbreviate sentences and use "not only ... but also ...".

2. Recite the fourth and fifth paragraphs of the text and punctuate the sentences correctly according to the content of the text.

3. Deepen our understanding that Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are world-famous art treasures and love our national culture even more.

(B) Teaching process

1. Read paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of the text and talk about the main meanings of these three paragraphs.

2. Guide the reading of the fourth paragraph.

(1) Read the text freely. Think about it: ① What does this passage say? (2) Underline the words that represent the actions of the characters (light lifting, stretching, holding high, poking).

(2) Instruct students to talk about the meaning of four sentences in the text. The previous sentence describes the background of this huge mural: the clear water, the blooming flowers in the water and the gorgeous pavilions surrounded by the water make the environment "colorful". The last three sentences are the main body of the mural, focusing on the "colorful" characters in the painting, namely: the second sentence completely introduces the musicians playing in the magnificent pavilions and dancing girls; The third sentence roughly describes the dancing girl; The fourth sentence describes the "dance" of "one of the bun girls" in detail. )

(3) Understand the meanings of words such as "colorful", "resplendent", "pavilions", "dancing", "elegant", "gorgeous", "dignified" and "stretching".

(4) Guide students to read the fourth paragraph of the text and observe the second picture. (1) Pay attention to the transfer of observation points-from the surrounding natural landscape to the central exhibition hall; From the pavilion in the center to the audience performing in the pavilion; From the audience of the performance to the dancers; From the group of dancing girls, they finally concentrated on "one of them". Let the students know that the author presents this huge painting to the readers in an orderly way from all sides to the center, from the whole to the part, from the surface to the point; ② Pay attention to the action description of the characters. We should not only find the words that represent actions, but also pay attention to the fact that the order of these action words cannot be changed.

3. Paragraph 5 of the textbook.

(1) Read the name out loud.

(2) Tell me the main meaning of this passage (it is the author's inner feelings when standing in front of this mural).

(3) How many steps can the author express his feelings? (First of all, I always say "everything in front of me seems to be alive", and then I use "not only ... but also ..." to fully express my vivid feelings about murals. )

(4) Use "not only ... but also ..." to make sentences.

4. Guide to recite the fourth and fifth paragraphs of the text.

(1) simultaneous reading.

(2) Talk about the main meaning of these two paragraphs.

(3) Find out the key words and try to recite: giant murals, pools, water, flowers, pavilions, bands, dancing girls, elegant and dignified women gently lift and stretch, as if they are all alive ... ...

(4) recite by name.

5. Homework:

Questions 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in the exercise book.

The wonderful teaching design of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Part III Default goal:

1. Feel the charm of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, a world-famous art treasure house, and be proud of this bright artistic pearl.

2. Master the new words in this lesson, read, write and understand the new words correctly, make sure to read polyphonic Buddha, read aloud, recite and accumulate the language.

3. Learn to find keywords and correctly understand the main meaning of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.

4. Read the fourth paragraph carefully to understand its writing order and nuanced dynamic description of the characters. Those who have spare capacity can imitate it. (upper limit target)

Teaching emphases and difficulties:

Key points: Learn to find key words and correctly understand the main meaning of a paragraph.

Difficulty: Understanding the author's subtle writing (order and words, knowledge and association).

Course arrangement: 2 hours

Default teaching process:

(A) creating situations and introducing new courses.

(With the courseware, the teacher tells us) In Mingsha Mountain in the southeast of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, China, besides the vast Gobi and yellow sand, there is also a bright pearl shining with charming brilliance, that is, the world-famous art treasure house-Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. It has a history of 1600 years. Among the 492 caves preserved at present, there are more than 3,000 colored statues and more than 45,000 square meters of murals.

The Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (One answer after another, allowing different answers)

(2) Lift the veil and meet Hozoin for the first time.

1. Read the beginning carefully and think about why the Mogao Grottoes have become a treasure house of art?

2. Read one of the statues or murals freely, and summarize the general impression of the statues and murals with one sentence in the book. (Find out the key words)

(3) Go into the treasure house and enjoy the art. ..

1. Feedback the sentence and explain the reason.

2. Emotional reading and artistic appreciation ..

(4) Stop at the murals and feel the charm.

1. Reading Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in different ways is a world-famous art treasure house.

This feeling will be stronger when you stand in front of a mural. What kind of painting is this? (Show the fourth paragraph) Guide the students to read the outline of the picture.

3. Talk to the text again, read the fourth paragraph freely and read the pictures alive.

4. Read aloud together, and play this beautiful symphony by reading aloud.

5. Appreciate murals through multimedia (live performance with close-up in the middle and close-up in the distant view)

6. How does the author feel when he stops to watch before painting? (The teacher quoted the fifth paragraph)

7. What about you? How do you feel? What are you going to say? what do you want to do?

(5) Express emotions and collect data.

1. Homework (choose a question)

Write down your feelings, what you want to say and what you want to do.

(2) Choose one of several murals given by the teacher, imitate the writing in paragraph 4, and introduce this mural.

2. Tell students about the website that collects information about the Mogao Grottoes. ◆

Extended reading

Teaching design of Mogao grottoes

First, the preparation process of learning the Mogao Grottoes

1, preview the text and collect relevant information about study and life.

(1) Read through the text and get familiar with the content.

(2) Collect and introduce the characters and pictures of the Mogao Grottoes.

(3) Think about the scenic spots you have been to, where do you like best, and what did you feel at that time?

In order to solve the problems related to study and life, we collect information by using existing knowledge, life experience, books, the Internet and other ways, and initially learn how to find information. ]

2. Discuss and communicate. Briefly describe the preparation and self-study of the text, introduce the Mogao Grottoes with materials, and talk about the author's feelings about the Mogao Grottoes.

3. Recommend tour guides and organize tour groups.

(1) After listening to the discussion, who do you think understands the text better? I recommend four students as tour guides.

(2) Organize three groups of tourists according to age, youth and children, and other students voluntarily sign up for one group.

(3) Tour guides and tourists are going to visit the classroom teaching in Mogao Grottoes and think about how to introduce and learn. Teachers serve as general tour guides, organize the division of labor among tour guides, and put forward appropriate requirements.

Enhance communication and understanding among students, create a lively teaching environment atmosphere, stimulate students' initiative, form a situation of cooperative learning among students, respect students' learning needs, and turn teaching objectives into the internal needs of students' learning subjects. ]

Second, the classroom teaching process has a tour guide to explain

1, introduction of general tour guide dialogue.

I am the general guide for everyone to visit the Mogao Grottoes. We invited four tour guides to lead the way, and the main scenic features were introduced by tour guides B, C and D respectively. Tourists, if you have any questions, you can ask the tour guide.

2. Guide A introduces the Mogao Grottoes.

(1) Introduce several grottoes in China and lead tourists into the Mogao Grottoes.

(2) The projection of the Mogao Grottoes allows visitors to compare the map, imagine the honeycomb-like panorama of the Mogao Grottoes and talk about their feelings.

Establish an equal relationship between teachers and students in teaching, arouse students' enthusiasm for active participation, cultivate the spirit of cooperation, and position the essence of teaching in communication. ]

3. Guide B introduces color sculptures.

(1) Computer scanning color sculpture photos. Guide B compares the pictures and imitates the posture.

(2) Ask visitors to read a sentence: there are kind bodhisattvas, majestic kings and strong and brave lux. Thereby helping to understand different expressions.

(3) The vivid color sculptures attracted the admiration of tourists. What would they say? Let the tourists speak.

(4) Grasping the key words in the text, the tour guide and tourists ask and answer each other. Experience the unique characteristics of colored plastics.

(5) How do you feel about comparing the sculptures seen by elderly tourists with the colored sculptures in the Mogao Grottoes?

(6) Develop associations with different expressions and deepen emotional experience.

4. tour guide c introduces murals.

(1) shows the mural scanned by the computer.

(2) Guide C allows visitors to observe the murals, and then look at the illustrations of the words and connect them with imagination.

(3) The general tour guide suggested * * * the same discussion: magnificent murals, colorful murals, contact your imagination and talk about your feelings.

(4) General tour guides require young tourists to describe the beauty of the flight in vivid language.

(5) Stimulate the feelings of tourists, and read aloud the third natural paragraph describing murals, which is beautiful and vivid.

5. The guide Ding introduced the Tibetan Sutra Cave.

(1) This article introduces that there are many scriptures in the Tibetan scriptures cave, which were plundered and destroyed by imperialism.

(2) Invite children and tourists to perform the actions and demeanor of robbers plundering and destroying scriptures.

(3) Projected sentence reading, reading out the pride and hatred of imperialism.

As tour guides and tourists, students carry out comprehensive activities, introduce the scenic features of Mogao Grottoes, learn to use materials, strengthen multi-angle experience in connection with life, develop and utilize extracurricular learning resources, develop thinking and broaden their knowledge. Teachers appear as general tour guides and tourists, guiding students to read more, compare in reading, feel in reading, appreciate language and words in reading, and organically combine reading with understanding content, so that students can feel cordial, relaxed and happy to study, read accurately, read vividly and read deeply. ]

6. The general tour guide presided over the discussion.

(1) Please tell some tour guides what the Mogao Grottoes are about and what tourists need to know. Please feel free to ask questions and be explained by the tour guide.

Please tell us why the Mogao Grottoes are world-famous artistic treasures.

Third, read aloud and communicate in groups to gain aesthetic experience.

1. Please draw your favorite sentences and read them beautifully to express your love for Dunhuang culture.

2. What other ways can you express your love for the Mogao Grottoes? Tell me.

3. Panel report.

4. Review summary.

Respect the unique experience in the learning process, cherish students' unique feelings, experiences and understanding, and cultivate students' comprehensive ability to understand, feel, appreciate and evaluate. Create conditions for students to participate in the discussion, dare to express their opinions, express their feelings and talk about their feelings. ]

[General Comment: The teaching design of Mogao Grottoes pays attention to the spirit of curriculum reform outline and new curriculum standards, and highlights the following three aspects in the transformation of educational concepts, the determination of teaching methods, the innovation of teaching process, the application of teaching methods and the positioning of teaching essence:

1. Establish that students are the main body of learning and development, face all students, fully stimulate students' subjective consciousness, mobilize students' initiative to participate, cultivate students' cooperative spirit, and guide students to carry out independent, cooperative and inquiry learning. Pay attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs, turn the teaching purpose into students' internal needs as the main body of learning and development, respect students' unique experience, feelings and understanding in the learning process, pay attention to developing students' creative potential, and embody students' personalized behavior in learning.

2. Innovate the classroom teaching process, create a comprehensive activity atmosphere of Chinese life teaching, link the learning content with the students' experience, and let students be willing to try, participate, dare to express their opinions and develop their own personality. Develop and utilize Chinese curriculum resources, find, collect and use materials, apply personal knowledge and direct experience, connect with life, strengthen Chinese practice, and promote the development of students' ability to apply what they have learned.

3. Students appear in groups of tour guides, tourists and tourists of different ages for creative reading, and learn by reading, thinking, discussing, introducing and explaining, asking and answering questions, experiencing since the enlightenment, appreciating and evaluating, which expands the time and space of students' thinking, mobilizes students' various intellectual potentials and changes the situation of teachers' one-way questioning, analyzing and explaining. This kind of teaching will definitely improve learning efficiency and teaching quality. ]

Wonderful Teaching Design of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Chapter IV Teaching Objectives

1. By studying literature and watching, we know that Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a world-famous art treasure house, and we are proud of the splendid ancient art in China.

2. Master the new words in this lesson and be able to confirm the polyphonic word "Buddha" in the reading words; Understand the meaning of some words in combination with the text or pictures.

3. Find out the key words for each paragraph, read aloud and accumulate the language.

Teaching emphases and difficulties:

Key points: Learn to find key words and correctly understand the main meaning of a paragraph.

Difficulties: I feel that Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are world-famous artistic treasures.

Instructional design process:

First, stimulate interest and expose topics

1, classmate, do you like traveling? The teacher also likes traveling very much and took some photos. Do you want to see them? (Light classical music) (Great Wall picture) What is this place? (Click to show: Wan Li Great Wall) The Great Wall of Wan Li is the pride of our Chinese nation. (Picture of the Forbidden City) Have you seen it on TV? (Click to show: The Forbidden City in Beijing) (Pictures of Terracotta Warriors) Have you been there?

I tell you this is (click to show: Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang) (picture of Mogao Grottoes). This is the largest and best-preserved treasure house of Buddhist art in the world (click on the Mogao Grottoes). Read it together. It's in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. (Click to show: Dunhuang, Zhuyin) Read together. Who can read these two words together? The topic of the text we are studying today is Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. Please reach out and write the topic (blackboard writing topic) with the teacher and read it together.

2. What is this place? Please look at the big screen. (Playing video) How do you feel after watching the video? Judging from the students' expressions, the teacher feels that you can't wait to go there.

Second, read the text for the first time and learn new words.

In fact, the language description of words is more beautiful. Let's read it first. Pay attention to correct pronunciation, read the text, and ask teachers and classmates if you have any difficulties. Check: Can you read these words in the text? Pú sà pí pá (fó) Bodhisattva Pipa Thousand Buddhas Cave Hu and Gé xiá n's splendid pavilions and pavilions pluck the strings (courseware display)

A, read the first line by name, polyphonic word: Buddha. These two pronunciations are grouped separately. Teacher: There are more than 3,000 Buddha statues in the Mogao Grottoes, so people call them "Thousand Buddha Caves". Point out the first two and read softly. Teacher reading

B. read the second line by name.

C. (remove pinyin) Who can read without the help of pinyin? Girls read the second line and boys read the third line.

Third, read the text for the second time with questions and get a preliminary understanding of the infinite charm of the Mogao Grottoes.

1. Can you still read these words in the text? Please read the text again, read it to your deskmate and learn from each other. Read your favorite paragraphs several times.

2. Who can read your favorite paragraph to everyone? I was very emotional when I saw you watching it below. Would you like to read it to everyone? Who is the master of reading in our class? You read your favorite paragraph. 】【 random card squat, respect, hole, pull, dial 】【 You are really like an announcer. He was so nervous that he missed a word. Fluent, correct and magical. ]

Who will tell us what this text introduces us? (Courseware display) Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.

Fourth, learn the first paragraph.

1. (Click to show the sentence) Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are world-famous art treasures. Read it together. Is there anything you don't understand? What kind of place can be called "treasure house"? [Your question is very valuable]

2. Why can you get such favorable comments? Read the first section by yourself. The courseware shows the first lesson. ) Watch, some words will pop up by themselves. Tell us that we should call it a treasure house. [You can tell your friends around you what you think]

3. Who found the reason?

A, "1600" means a long time; (blackboard writing)

B, "492" indicates that there are many existing caves; (blackboard writing)

C. "More than 3,000 statues" refers to many colored sculptures: find a synonym for "Yu" (Duo). Zun is a quantifier here. (blackboard writing)

Teacher: The total number of teachers and students in our XX primary school is less than 800. The number of statues in Mogao Grottoes is similar to that in our four XX primary schools. How many statues!

D, "more than 45,000 square meters" means that the mural area is large:

(blackboard writing) How big is more than 45,000 square meters? Look at our big classroom. If murals are painted around the walls, you can draw a blackboard writing of about 100 square meters, and 45000÷ 100=450 can draw 450 large classrooms!

Teacher's summary (referring to blackboard writing): Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes have such a long history and have preserved so many statues and murals that it is no wonder that they are called-(a world-famous art treasure house).

As a native of China, what do you think? (Proud) Can you read this feeling?

A. free reading. I feel your pride. Who can read better than him? ]

B, the teacher cooperates with you to read: the teacher reads the first sentence and the students read two or three sentences. [Transition: What does the next text tell us about the Mogao Grottoes? (blackboard writing: statue mural) Let's hurry and find out two central sentences that summarize statues and murals. Answer by roll call. Describe it in one word?

(blackboard writing: exquisite and colorful)]

Fifth, learn the second paragraph.

Transition: Now let's walk into the Mogao Grottoes, approach the Mogao Grottoes and see the colorful statues in the Mogao Grottoes:

Which sentence are you most interested in? Can you tell me your understanding? [The second sentence: the largest nine-story building (one floor higher than the current two teaching buildings); The smallest is only a dozen centimeters, smaller than the palm of your hand.

Teacher: It turns out that statues of all sizes are works of art! In fact, statues have different expressions! It's not in the book The teacher has an introduction to the text here.

2. (Display) Supplementary information: The colored sculptures in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes have different expressions and realistic shapes. A kind-hearted bodhisattva, a majestic king, and a strong and brave lux. One of them is a reclining Buddha, which is 16 meters long. He lay on his side, his eyes slightly closed and his expression serene. Seeing this vivid color sculpture, the tourists were amazed.

Read the above passage freely and think: from which words can we see the exquisiteness of colored sculptures? (Let the students write their answers on the blackboard and accumulate them in the memory bank) Read the words together.

Teacher: The statues in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are not only of different sizes, but also of different expressions and lifelike shapes. They are really exquisite works of art. ..

(Show the second paragraph of the courseware again) Guide reading: The statues of the Thousand Buddha Cave in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are all exquisite works of art.

You read the word "exquisite" very well. Every statue we saw just now was exquisite, and you also realized it. Who can read it again? You highlighted "every statue", and here are two "every statue", which shows that no matter which one is a work of art, I will know how much you like these beautiful statues after reading it. ]

The Mogao Grottoes are really a world-famous art treasure house. Students, in the face of such colorful sculptures, do you want to see them with your own eyes now? (Play music courseware).

4. What do you want to say most at this time? After reading this passage and seeing these pictures, the teacher really wants to say: the ancestors are really amazing. )

After listening to the admiration of my classmates, I also want to say: Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, you are like that bright pearl, forever shining in the East of the world! ) [Write it down when you have time]

Intransitive verbs homework self-service hall

1. Enjoy the beautiful scenery of Dunhuang online.

2. Introduce the exquisite statues of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes to family members.

3. Collect the data of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and exchange them in the next class.