1, "Facing the sea, spring blossoms" (Haizi)
Haizi, formerly known as Cha Haisheng, is used to being called "Haizi, a poet of Peking University". 1964, from Huaining, Anhui. 1979 15 years old was admitted to the law department of Peking University, and he began to write poems during his college years. 1983 After graduation, he was assigned to work in the philosophy teaching and research section of China University of Political Science and Law. 1989 committed suicide in Shanhaiguan on March 26th. He was not understood for a long time, but in the history of China's new literature in 1970s, he was a poet who had a comprehensive influence on literature and life. He wrote nearly 2 million words of poems, novels, plays and papers in an extremely poor and monotonous environment.
Haizi's life is short, but he has made remarkable achievements. He is the representative of contemporary academic new poets. Facing the sea, spring blossoms is a masterpiece in his lyric short poems. This poem has three chapters. The first chapter fictionalizes a picture of life that is free and independent, far away from the hustle and bustle of the world, and a fresh and moist breath comes to my face. The second and third chapters express the preciousness of family friendship, and a warm and sweet breath comes to my face. This poem says "facing the sea, spring blossoms" twice, both of which are expressions of good feelings. In his outlook on life and values, he not only affirmed secular life, but also refused to degenerate into a layman. The poet's enthusiasm and openness from the beginning to the final closure. It shows that Haizi's poems contain some complicated and contradictory things behind the purity, clarity and secularization of emotions. ; "Facing the Sea" originally faced emptiness and nothingness, but Haizi had a unique eye and actually saw "spring blossoms", which was the poet's "heart painting", the gentle hometown of dreams, and entrusted the poet with infinite reverie.
Loneliness is an eternal topic for human beings, and it is also a problem that must be faced squarely. The poet Nishikawa was a good friend of Haizi before his death. He said, "For us, Haizi is a genius, but for himself, he will always be a lonely king, a short-lived lover and a rural intellectual." His loneliness is not that the society alienated him, but that he consciously closed himself after being frustrated, transferred this loneliness and loneliness to poetry creation, and opened up his own spiritual utopia, which ordinary people do not understand. You can't find a TV, a tape recorder or even a radio in his room. He writes in poverty, monotony and loneliness. He can neither dance nor swim nor ride a bike. This is a real Haizi. In his view, poetry is something that returns freedom and loneliness to mankind. In his famous work Facing the Sea and Blooming in Spring, written before his death, this is Haizi's wish to his lover when he was desperate: "Give every river and mountain a warm name/stranger, and I will bless you/wish you a bright future/wish your lover a happy ending/wish you happiness in the world/I just want to face the sea and bloom in spring", and he left you happiness. A closed self, who usually has little contact with people, is depressed in reality, and has passed by several times in love, which makes him more like a lonely child. Haizi is actually a lonely singer and an ethereal poet. On the surface, he is lonely, but he writes poems, builds poetry mansions, enjoys the beauty of loneliness alone, and is also a spiritual rich man who is always addicted to his imaginary spiritual home. Thinkers are always lonely. The deeper a person's thoughts are, the harder it is for him to find a bosom friend in life. In this sense, waking up often means pain!
Haizi's lyric short poems have great power to transcend time and space and invade people's blood and soul. The tragedy of his life experience contributed to the immortality of his short poems. It can be said that Haizi's departure on March 26th, 1989 marked the end of the era of pure singing in China's contemporary poetry. Until today, we haven't seen more pure lyrics than Haizi's.
2. Ditan and I (excerpt) (Shi Tiesheng)
Shi Tiesheng, a Beijinger, responded to the call of the "Cultural Revolution" and went to Shaanxi to farm. Paralyzed by overwork, he returned to Beijing to concentrate on literary creation. Now he is a professional writer. His works include My Distant Qingping Bay, The Story of Jumping in the Queue, Summer Rose, Albizia Tree and so on. Ditan and I (199 1) are the author's self-criticism in the past ten years.
Writing dissects the content, thought, form and writing behavior itself to find reasons for writing (living). "I started thinking about writing from the day my legs were disabled. Unexpectedly, this disabled person never wants to leave me, so he always asks me a question: Why do you want to live? This may be my motivation to write. In other words, find a good reason to live. "
◆ Shi Tiesheng once explained his name like this: "Where I have devoted my efforts, I can't throw them away. I often feel that this is the symbol of my name, so that history can live like iron, so that I can keep watching. I am not constantly reading these words, but constantly using these crumbling footprints to examine the soul that has been writing and see the possibility and destination of this soul. " This passage is also the best interpretation of his works.
In this deserted garden, the author spent several years, and finally finished his thinking and interpretation of life. This process is arduous, but it is also necessary. Now, let's see what kind of physical struggle and spiritual baptism the author has experienced. Look at Shi Tiesheng's thinking about life and death. He thinks: "Death is an inevitable festival." That is to say, death
Is the purpose, life is the process. Therefore, Shi Tiesheng changed Confucius' "How can you know death if you don't know life" to "I don't know death, but I know that I was born in peace". So he told others that "people sometimes pay too much attention to our return to nothingness and forget that we originally came from nothingness". Shi Tiesheng wrote in another poem: "In the afternoon, if the sun is silent/can you hear it/where did it go?" /In the face of light, or at the extreme of thinking, time is ignored in existence/life and death are the same, that is, process is the purpose, and death is a kind of regression. Death in Shi Tiesheng's eyes has the warmth of returning home.
Shi Tiesheng can understand the meaning of life. First of all, he has overcome his disability. As mentioned earlier, the star that Shi Tiesheng admires most is Carl? Lewis, but when they met, Shi Tiesheng did not have the slightest shadow of cowardice. Because he realized that everyone has limitations, Carl was in 9.99 seconds? Lewis is no exception. And then what about Carl? Lewis lost to Johnson. Shi Tiesheng said in his dream: "I learned later that Johnson, who ran in 9.79 seconds, defeated Carl? Lewis took stimulants. What should we say about this? People in Johnson's hometown of Jamaica said,' Whenever Johnson wants to come back, we will welcome him. No matter what he did wrong, he is the son of Jamaica. These words touched me deeply. Shouldn't we give more sympathy and love to people with spiritual disabilities? "Here, Shi Tiesheng deeply realized that everyone has limitations, and people with mental disabilities that are more serious than physical disabilities need sympathy and comfort. Therefore, Shi Tiesheng finally got out of the shadow of disability. I remember vilen wrote in the poem "Life": Life begins with your own tears and ends with others' tears. The time between the two is called happiness; People cry when they are alive, their voices are neither sad nor bitter, and they cry for the country and the people. When people die, let others shed honest tears. Count it. They are pearls with life value. The poet tells the true meaning of life in simple words. People's life is neither long nor short. Whether you are long or short, you have your own theory. The meaning of life that runs through it is everyone's lifelong pursuit. Shi Tiesheng also raised an important topic here, that is, how people should overcome their own sufferings and begin to explore the meaning of life.
◆ In 2002, Shi Tiesheng won the China Literature and Media Award for Outstanding Achievement of the Year. That acceptance speech may be the most accurate summary of him: "Shi Tiesheng is one of the most admirable writers in contemporary China. His works and his life are completely isomorphic. In his own' writing night', Shi Tiesheng expressed the most sound and plump thoughts with his mutilated body. Other institutions
He experienced the hardships of life, but expressed the clarity and joy of existence. His wise words lit up our increasingly dark hearts. "
◆ From the movie "Singing while Walking" in Shi Tiesheng's novel "Life is like a String", there is a classic line in the movie: "A thousand strings are broken, open your eyes." The background of this sentence is that the teacher of the blind pianist said that the broken1000th string can bring light. The blind people's desire for light and the disabled people's desire for walking will never stop. In Tie Shi's works, we can always read such a desire, and he has never concealed it.
3. I have a dream (Martin? Lu Se? Gold)
1On August 28th, 963, Washington, D.C. organized a rally of 250,000 people to demand racial equality. Martin? Lu Se? King made this speech to thousands of black people, and it became famous all over the world immediately. He didn't give a speech. He told the gathered audience his view of the future in passionate language, that is, "I have a dream".
◆ Martin? Lu Se? Kim (1929~ 1968) is an important political leader in the United States. 1964 won the Nobel Peace Prize. He fought for the political rights of black Americans, thus setting an example for other parts of the world. The enlightenment he brought to people is that blacks should not be isolated, but should be treated like others and should be fully respected. The core of his political ideas is non-violence. 1929, Martin? Lu Se? Kim was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in the southeastern United States. He is the son of a Christian priest. 1948 graduated from university and served as a church pastor. At that time, blacks were not treated equally as citizens in the southern States. Although the United States ended slavery in 1865, the southern States passed their own laws and continued to separate whites from blacks. The law forbids blacks and whites from marrying each other. At the store. Hotel. Hospital. There are segregated areas for blacks on buses and trains, and blacks in southern States have no right to vote. After graduation, he believed that social change could be achieved through peaceful revolution rather than war and killing. During his life, he forced the government to liberate African Americans and give them equal rights. 1964 won the Nobel Peace Prize. He donated all the prize money ($54,600) to the freedom movement. 1964 passed a new civil rights bill, stipulating that all organizations receiving US government funding must treat blacks equally. 1965 a new voting rights bill became this law. From then on, all blacks have the right to vote. His thoughts had a great influence on the American black civil rights movement in the 1960s. The American government has designated the third Monday of 1 month every year from 1986 (Kim's birthday is 65438+ 10/5) as the National Memorial Day. From 1987, Kim's birthday is also one of the commemorative days of the United Nations.
◆ Dreams are the tapestry of life; When people have no dreams, that is, when their vitality is completely exhausted. Life without dreams is bleak, poor and empty. Enthusiastic expectation, brave pursuit and persistent belief in life remain in our hearts as the legacy of youth. Therefore, people must have dreams and work hard for them. Martin, a black leader who pursues equal rights from the United States? Lu Se? Jin's famous speech to Qu Yuan, a famous patriotic poet in ancient China, "I have a dream", "The road is long, and I will go up and down" and "Taking the world as my own duty" by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of modern revolution, all tell us that success is supported by dreams.
The rise and fall of the country affects the hearts of every patriot. When the country is in trouble, touch the dragon and stand up —— On Empress Zhao. Touching the dragon adopted a set of "circuitous tactics" against Empress Zhao's psychological state, and finally persuaded Empress Zhao. Many people admire Touchdragon's superb persuasion art. If we stop here, it will only be superficial! Through the superb art of persuasion, we should also see Mo Long's spirit of caring for the future and destiny of the country and solving problems for the country with full enthusiasm and ownership. He used this spirit to make the Queen Mother understand the truth that "national interests are above everything else". This is the reason that finally touched the queen mother, and it is also the biggest gain for us to learn this article. Because "national interests are above everything else", Qu Yuan has a long way to go. There is a touching story of Su Wu's sheep herding; Only Ban Chao's dedication, Yue Fei's loyalty to the country; Just relying on Gu's "Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world" and Tan Sitong's "I am arrogant in the sky, going to stay in the bright moon and working hard for the two Kunlun Mountains" ... Can we educate our children and students that when personal interests conflict with the interests of the motherland, we should straighten out the relationship between individuals, collectives and the country, sacrifice personal interests for the overall situation and listen to the call of the motherland?
3. Encourage learning (Xunzi)
Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions. (The Analects of Confucius) A man who is eager to learn is good at dummies to make up for its shortcomings. (Lv Chunqiu) Bacon said that knowledge is power. Gorky famously said that "books are the ladder of human progress". This shows the importance of learning. It can be said that people are constantly learning all their lives, and learning is an instinct of people. What we want to study is how to turn this unconscious instinct into conscious behavior and greatly improve learning efficiency. At this point, the ancients have pointed out the direction for us. Xun Zi wrote "Encouraging Learning" more than two thousand years ago, which brilliantly discussed the importance of learning and the methods and attitudes that should be adopted in learning.
Xunzi was the last representative of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period, and Mencius, who was earlier than him, became two opposing factions in Confucianism. He sublated the conservative tendency of Confucianism, emphasized the importance of acquired learning, paid attention to giving full play to people's subjective initiative, attached importance to the role of education, and emphasized the importance of educational function. These thoughts were more reasonable and progressive than previous thoughts.
◆ The influence of environment and the edification of customs. Xunzi believes that people's environment and customs also have great influence on human nature. For example, he said: "In the bitter fleabane bitter fleabane, you are straight but not helpful;" White sand is nirvana, and it is black. Lan Huaigen is a cheese, but he grows up, and the gentleman is not close, so he refuses to accept it. Its quality is not beautiful, but it is also gradual. Therefore, a gentleman must choose his hometown when he is alive, and he must be a scholar when he travels, so that he can guard against evil and be close to Zheng Zheng. " Therefore, Xunzi emphasized the importance of social atmosphere and customs. He said that "customs change people's minds and settle down for a long time" (Confucian effect), that is, social customs can not only change people's minds, but even change people's nature, because people are content with what they are used to, that is, they are also cultural because they notice the wrong customs. " (Confucianism)
He said, "I've been thinking about it all day, so it's better to learn it in an instant." Learning is the foundation of thinking, and thinking is the depth of learning. Only by learning to think well can we understand clearly. "Clearly know, do nothing, too much. Xunzi thinks that thinking is the key between learning and doing, not thinking that scholars are unknown. Therefore, he believes that the ideal "scholar" is not only knowledgeable and versatile, but also has extraordinary rational judgment ability. " Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Good deeds become virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is unprepared. The process of "accumulation" is gradual, because knowledge is a process of continuous accumulation and people's moral sentiments are also a process of continuous cultivation and improvement. Xunzi thinks that singleness and persistence are effective ways for Xiu De to learn. Learning is a process of accumulation, which needs perseverance. The so-called "making good use of things is false, that is, being good at learning and using the knowledge and tools accumulated by predecessors, can we learn effectively and creatively. "
4. Lu Xun's works met Lu Xun in life.
(1) I once consciously alienated Lu Xun, thinking that he was out of reach and isolated from the world. After reading Xiao Hong's Lu Xun: The other side of the profound greatness is peace, I have an impulse to Lu Xun. In fact, Lu Xun is also an ordinary person. He lives beside us: a husband, a son and a father. Because of his calmness and his description of Liu Hezhen, he is no longer a god, but a friend in my mind. From meeting Lu Xun, meeting Lu Xun in life, to staying in my heart forever "always smiling and having a kind attitude"-this has become a beautiful scenery. Know people and discuss the world. I don't want to explore his sad inner world, nor do I want to capture the rebellion in his soul. I just want to touch his heart calmly and feel his rich emotional world. He can be generous and stab the enemy's heart with a sharp dagger; You can also write a sentimental love letter to Xu Guangping in a romantic way; You can also enjoy the warmth and romance of your family, with a variety of customs and tenderness; You can also enjoy family happiness with your son facing the sea. You can also inculcate his female disciple Xiao Hong like a loving father and tirelessly guide her through the field of life and death ... I quietly listened to his breathing until he died of lung disease on 1936. If I am lucky enough to be friends with Lu Xun, I will definitely be his friend: advise him to smoke less, take care of his body and mind; If I am lucky enough to meet her again in my life, I will worship him as a teacher. ...
(2) Dear Mr. Lu Xun: Hello! I am your loyal reader. I have read your novels, essays, poems, essays and letters, and I sincerely admire you. May I take the liberty of calling you a teacher? Some people may say that a woman without talent is a virtue; Women have long hair and short knowledge; Women should abide by "three obedience and four virtues"; Learn to be a lady ... but I didn't know the world was changing rapidly. Women have been able to support for half a day! In today's society, "Who says women are not as good as men"! Because times have changed! Listen to your earnest teachings, and wander around the works like spring breeze. Your advice is like spring breeze: Let's be a stream! It is crystal clear; If it's a rotten mire, who knows how deep it is! Your approachable attitude deeply infected me and made me feel grateful. Learn to be kind to others and understand things deeply. Do you believe in Darwin's theory of evolution: young people will defeat old people. You go to the streets to mend the boots for young people yourself: this gives you affinity, which is really the same old way, but you are soft-hearted! Your personality charm has influenced my thoughts and purified my soul. Meeting you in life, you are both a mentor and a friend. Teachers and friends. Teachers and students have been friends for many years! I used to love wholeheartedly, read your works, let me enjoy my life and let me shine with wisdom. Master, Lu Xun! A master writer should have great spirit and works, and his works can shake people's hearts after stormy waves. To be a teacher, we should conquer students with personality charm; Because "learning to be excellent is an official." My mind is full of poems and books! When the mountain goes up, the scenery stops! Peaches and plums say nothing, but they go their own way! I admire Lu Xun very much. In the long river of life, I was lucky enough to meet Lu Xun. You have injected fresh life and wisdom into my life, filled me with deep affection, awakened the sleeping people, smashed the iron house, broke free from the shackles and walked out of the imprisonment. I shout for you!
5. The man in the condom (Chekhov)
Paler, a French thinker, said, "Man is just a reed, the most fragile thing in the universe. But man is a thinking reed. " Man's life is fragile and everything in the universe can kill him. However, the reason why man becomes the master of all things is precisely because he has a thinking soul and is noble because of his thoughts. However, when people's hearts are locked in cages and lose the freedom to fly, are people still "people"?
In The Man in the Condom, Chekhov created a withdrawn, timid and afraid of change, and he wanted to be a "law-abiding, good citizen" of the current system. The sad thing about Bi Rykov is that he tried his best to hide himself and used a condom, but he didn't expect that his hiding would expose him to everyone. When he has been alienated, this condom seems to be a pinch of white, which makes him different in the eyes of others and rejected by the people around him until he finally goes to the grave-a forever condom.
◆ Did Rykov walk home with the laughter of Hualien Card, and then go to the point of no return in life? In fact, Hua Lianka's smile is not hostile at all, just like a child can't help laughing when he sees an interesting thing. In Bie Rykov's view, the long-awaited comedy climax finally appeared. Soon, the embarrassing scene of him rolling down the stairs will be completely exposed to people's eyes and drowned in endless ridicule. This is exactly what Don Rykov wants to escape. He really has no way out now. In Kafka's Metamorphosis, Gregor, alienated as a member of The Beatles, still remembers everything in the world with warmth at the last moment of his life. He knew that his death was a relief for himself and his family, and he still had endless attachment to his abandoned relatives, but the end of the world in Rykov was full of fear and despair. What we have seen before is that Bie Rykov, as a loyal lackey of the tsar, clamped down the thoughts of people around him, but ignored the hostility and cynicism of these people around him towards Bie Rykov, which also led to Bie Rykov's death, just like those short-sleeved gangs in Lu Xun's Kong Yiji laughed at Kong Yiji again and again, and finally pushed him to the tragic situation of death.
6. Venus of Minos
◆ "The imperfection of human beings proves the perfection of God. When you feel incomplete and have an incomplete comparison, God exists. (Shi Tiesheng)
In the ruins, Yu said,' A grandmother without wrinkles is terrible'. If a thing is too perfect, it will be untrue, divorced from the reality of the public and not in line with people's feelings. Incomplete beauty is a kind of fantasy beauty, a kind of compensation beauty, and an art of soul remodeling. "
◆ Is something compassionate a beautiful thing? The answer is no, the beauty of the mountain lies in its sublimity; The beauty of the river lies in its beauty; The beauty of the sea lies in its magnificence ... all these can arouse human emotions, such as reverence, admiration and attachment ... It is that the lower level must look up to the higher level, and the lower level must look up to the emotion of the higher level, while sympathy, on the contrary, is the sympathy and pity of the higher level to the lower level and the higher level to the lower level. To put it mildly, sympathy is charity.
◆ Mencius once said that "fullness and brilliance" is called beauty. Venus could not be a model of beauty without the amazing coordination of all parts of the body, full and warm skin and beautiful curves. More importantly, she unconsciously lost her arms, which aroused the endless reverie of all the audience and completed the "unpretentious leap from special to universal", which was "ethereal". Art is the perfect combination of "fullness" and "emptiness". This is why Venus has become one of the top ten statues in the world.
Beauty is a discovery, beauty lies in the soul, people are pessimistic, the moon is full of rain and shine, and they love life and art. What is terrible is not the deformity of the body, but the ugliness of the soul.
Last year today, in this door, people's faces and peaches set each other off. Today, I came here again. I don't know where the girl went. Only the peach blossoms are still there, smiling in full bloom in the spring breeze. -"The Village in the South of the City" (what makes people moved is the regret and suspense left behind)
Kiyooka Takuyuki is not an advocate of imperfect beauty. In ancient China, there have been related discussions for a long time. Lao Tzu said, "The elephant is invisible when the sound is loud", that is to say, the biggest music sounds silent, but the biggest image is invisible.
◆ Huan is thin and western, but they are all famous beauties in history. Why? The sad love story between butterfly lovers can be passed down to this day, and it has become an eternal swan song. Why? The death of Princess Diana of England made many people feel sad like a meteor, but some people said that the early death of Princess Diana was also a kind of beauty. Beauty has been famous since ancient times, and it is forbidden to meet each other. -shortcomings are also a kind of beauty.
A famous American science fiction writer once wrote a work called the shortest science fiction novel, with only one sentence: "The last man on earth was sitting alone in the room when someone knocked at the door ..."
Example ◆ "Incomplete Beauty"
Sometimes, I even believe that only incomplete things are beautiful. I looked at the broken trees and stumps, withered branches and leaves; Looking at the bell-shaped walls of the ancient temple; I looked at a withered grass deep in the courtyard; Watching a silent old man walking in the street collecting junk; Watching a broken wine bottle or a crushed can roll silently to the ground. Whenever I see all this, I always stare at them until I look at them from a distance. I don't know why, but I do believe that all this is more real and profound, although it is so ordinary, so lonely and even a little embarrassing. They may suddenly fall from the peak of glory and impeccable, or they may slowly fall, slowly precipitate, slowly deform, and then walk into my field of vision and into today's glory. I don't know how beautiful they are, so I can't say how beautiful they are. Therefore, I am deeply immersed in this unpredictable and untraceable beauty, excavating their splendid past. I can't help crying when I bring these two States to my eyes. Everything that can't be explained includes how many unspeakable joys and sorrows, how many vicissitudes, how many eternal sorrows and how many infinite desolations! In this way, the incomplete things are full of overlapping traces of life, so heavy and beautiful. I watched the unrequited lover standing in the rain with flowers on his lover's wedding night, the happy and satisfied person suddenly depressed, the star who fell out of favor smiled sadly, the frustrated person in officialdom sipped tea alone, and the young and dead person worried in the mirror; I listened to the white-haired old man recalling his yellow shirt teenager, listening to the indifferent and arrogant person confessing his missed love, and listening to the protagonist telling his loneliness and loneliness in his twilight years. Even if I don't know anything about the people in front of me, I will definitely believe: "These once beautiful souls are still beautiful after suffering and unforgettable human feelings, and will engrave the deepest memories in their lives." Only those who have really experienced pain can really live. The beauty of Daiyu lies in her unforgettable love, the beauty of Sanmao lies in her sudden sobriety and detachment after vicissitudes of life, the beauty of Van Gogh lies in his great pain under the light with a golden knife, and the beauty of Beethoven lies in his striking tragic articles of life with black and white keys after hearing loss. If the imperfection in life makes ordinary people leak the light of life, then these excellent spirits, like silver fireworks, diffuse in the sky above us, making people jump and admire. These sad and lasting beauty directly touched the softest part of my heart, making me cry, laugh or be silent with them-what a thrilling pleasure! Not many people know how this incomplete beauty is unique and happy, and not many people know how this incomplete beauty is densely covered with fields and grasslands in front of our door, just like the moonlight tonight. Who says the beauty of a flower lies in its blooming, and the blooming flower is the broken heart of the flower! Comments: This article expresses my understanding of life in delicate, beautiful and philosophical language. Real life is not perfect, but a healthy attitude towards life is to face it squarely, face it bravely and try to find the beauty of life. In this way, what people do in the world is to help themselves rather than deceive themselves. We should face the reality, not run away. We know that everything changes normally, but many things can't be changed by manpower, so let's find some of the best and most beautiful things, try to pick them out, write them down and keep them in our memory. In this way, even if everything in the world changes, those things can't be described accurately, but they will leave an eternal beauty and hope.