General materials for Chinese college entrance examination composition I
Lin Yutang set foot on eastern and western cultures and devoted himself to reading cosmic articles.
Mr. Lin Yutang wrote all his life, and many of his works have become classics praised by the literary and cultural circles in the East and the West. He has many versions and is widely circulated. He was once listed as one of the "wise men of the 20th century" by American cultural circles. Lin Yutang advocated "self-centered, leisure-oriented" essays and became the main figure of the critics. 1935, he wrote cultural works and novels in France, such as My Country and My People, The Trembling Wind, The Wisdom of Confucius, The Art of Living in America, The Clouds in Beijing, etc. He translated the philosophy of Confucius and Mencius and the literary works of Tao Yuanming, Li Bai, Su Dongpo and Cao Xueqin into English and introduced them overseas. Lin Yutang was the first writer in China who wrote in English, and he was also a famous scholar who was a linguist, philosopher and writer. Lin Yutang was nominated as a candidate for Nobel Prize in Literature three times in his life. His Art of Living was reprinted 40 times in the United States and translated into English, French, Italian, Dutch and other languages, becoming a "pillow book" for all walks of life in Europe and America. At the same time, he is an inventor. He once invented a typewriter and obtained an American patent.
Lin Yutang named his study "No need to fast". He was influenced by the Confucian thought of "promising" and also appreciated the "inaction" of Taoism; Life attitude is centered on "doing something", but there are often things that are not done. He wrote a couplet for himself: "Two feet on the eastern and western cultures, and one heart on the universe." Lin Yutang claimed that the secret of success lies in that what he wrote must be insightful and powerful words. When Lu Xun was alive, he often scolded Lin Yutang like a dog. But after Lu Xun's death, Lin Yutang wrote: "Lu Xun cares about me, and I like to know each other;" Lu Xun left me, and I have no regrets. "
Lin Yutang's two sisters had to drop out of school early and go back to their hometown to get married because of family difficulties. Lin Yutang later recalled that when he left home to study in Shanghai, his second sister gave him 40 cents and said to him, "Lehe, you should study hard, be a good person and be a celebrity when you go to Shanghai. We have no hope. " Lin Yutang has never forgotten this real hope.
In "The Art of Living", he wrote: Let me be friends with plants and trees, and make a blind date with the soil, and I will be satisfied. My soul crawls comfortably in the soil and feels very happy. When a person is intoxicated with this land, his mind seems so relaxed, as if he were in heaven. In fact, his six-foot body, why not leave the soil inch by inch?
A writer with conscience and morality should show beauty and hope in his works, and create more poetic life and space, just like Yao Mulan portrayed in his novel "Clouds in Beijing", who has always been "upright and upright, so foreign evils do not invade" in troubled times. In other words, if the outside world is evil, as long as it is upright, it can survive the disaster.
Mr. Lin Yutang has such a wonderful feeling about literary reading: "If a person doesn't have his favorite writer, he is equal to a floating soul. He will always be an unborn egg, a sterile stamen. " The favorite writer or literary lover is the pollen of his soul. "So do you have a favorite writer? Do you have any literary lovers? Is your soul floating? Where is your spiritual home?
● Multidimensional interpretation
1. The Art of Life
Lin Yutang regards our country and people as "art"! He said: "I think the existence of art, poetry and religion aims to help us restore fresh vision, emotional attraction and a more sound sense of life." As a marginal "wise man" outside the mainstream value, Lin Yutang's thoughts, feelings and attitude towards life enlighten the "dialogue" between modern intellectuals in the humanities field and the world. Lin Yutang led us to travel in the world of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and to rise and fall in the ocean of matter, spirit, science and humanity. Sparks of wisdom flash frequently, and witty remarks are continuous and colorful.
2. The true meaning of happiness
The ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus believed that happiness based on morality and upbringing is the best state of life. Happiness is a virtue, because it not only shows appreciation and praise for the world, but also brings warmth and relaxation to people around. Happiness is happiness. If a person can find happiness in his daily life, he will be happier than others. Happiness is the beginning and end of a happy life. Lin Yutang, a doctor at Harvard, is more interesting, valuable and seems unattainable in today's noisy world.
Applicable theme
Soul, respect, cultural exchange, life interest, spiritual home, art of life, science and humanities, liberal arts and science, the true meaning of happiness, self-satisfaction of everything, and living a happy feeling &; hellip& amphellip
General materials for Chinese college entrance examination composition II
Hu Shi's old moral model in the new culture and the new ideological model in the old ethics.
Hu Shi is called "Dr. Hu". He won 35 honorary doctorates in his life, which is rare at home and abroad. Mr. Hu Shi's life can be summed up in his own words: "make bold assumptions and be careful to verify;" Do things seriously and be a serious person. "Chiang Kai-shek's evaluation of Hu Shi is a model of new culture and old morality, a model of old ethics and new ideas, which is quite worth pondering. Mr. Hu Shi's writings are rich, and there are many things worth learning and learning from later generations in the research results of philosophy and culture. His epitaph was written by Mao Zishui, a famous scholar in Taiwan Province: "This man who worked hard for academic and cultural progress, for freedom of thought and speech, for national honor, and for the happiness of mankind is now resting here! We believe that the tomb will eventually disappear and the valley will eventually change, but now the light given to the world by this philosopher in the tomb will last forever. "
20 10 On the occasion of the centenary of Chinese Department in Peking University, Peking University set up "Hu Shi Humanities Lecture" to welcome Mr. Hu Shi to "go home". However, it remains to be seen to what extent the lecture named after Hu Shi can inherit his humanistic feelings, spread his concept of freedom, conform to the spirit of the times, and truly bring back the spirit, temperament and integrity represented by Hu Shi's generation.
Multidimensional interpretation
1. The value of tolerance
Hu Shi represents the inclusive and romantic humanistic spirit of the May 4th Movement, which shows that in the ideological circle, the concepts of freedom, human rights and democracy are not divided into regions. In the field of human nature, these values of tolerance and respect also travel through time and space, which promote mutual trust, help and appreciation between people, thus establishing a lofty moral standard of human civilization.
2. Humanized society
"Only freedom and democracy can create a humane society" is Hu Shi's lifelong pursuit of democracy and the humanistic connotation of "beautiful China". The French philosopher Voltaire said it best, "I don't agree with what you said, but I will fight for your right to say it." How tolerant of human nature! We should strive for freedom, and at the same time admit that others should enjoy the same freedom. This is tolerance. Tolerance is both a personal virtue and a political virtue. Tolerance between people is the embodiment of human taste; Tolerance among groups is a sign of social civilization. Hu Shi's time is far away, and his grave has been arched, but the connotation, significance and realization ways of these ideals of freedom, democracy and science still need to be considered and practiced.
Applicable theme
Tolerance, freedom, regression, other wonderful, humanistic society &; hellip& amphellip
General materials for Chinese college entrance examination composition III
Chen Yinque &; Mdash& ampmdash Independent spirit, free thinking.
After studying abroad for 23 years, Chen Yinque has neither obtained a bachelor's degree nor a doctorate to show off, but this does not prevent him from becoming a famous scholar. He enjoys the reputation of "a genius in the world", is proficient in the languages of nearly 20 countries and has high attainments in linguistics, history, Buddhism and other fields. When he died, he became a lonely ecstasy.
Chen Yinque, who has no doctor's degree, is known as the "walking dictionary" and "professor's professor" in Tsinghua campus. At the age of 36, together with Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao and Zhao Yuanren, he became the four mentors of Tsinghua's Chinese studies. Chen Yinque has "three don't talk" in class, which is humorous. There are far more professors than students in class. Mr. Wang has an independent personality and a free spirit. He refused to eat Japanese flour and refused the generous treatment offered by Taiwan Province Province. In the face of catastrophe, Chen Yinque has always adhered to the national historical tradition: "The country can die, but history cannot be broken. As long as there are people writing her history, the culture of this nation will continue. " In the tough anti-Japanese war environment, Chen Yinque stubbornly left his systematic research on the history of China in the Tang Dynasty to future generations. "The country is ruined, and the guest house is as cold as autumn." With few reference books, Chen Yinque wrote two monumental masterpieces of medieval history &; Mdash& ampmdash; On the Origin of Sui and Tang Systems; and On the Political History of Tang Dynasty. When referring to Chen Yinque, The History of China in Cambridge, which has a wide influence in international sinology, gave an unusual praise: "The second greatest contribution to explaining the history of politics and institutions in this period was made by the great China historian Chen Yinque, whose views on politics and institutions in the Tang Dynasty were far more solid, rigorous and convincing than any previous views."
Chen Yinque, who was immersed in academic research after the founding of the People's Republic of China, refused the post of director of the Second Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He said: "My thoughts and opinions are fully reflected in the inscription on the Wang Guowei Monument I wrote." In the inscription, Chen Yinque expressed the idea that truth can only be carried forward if we break free from the shackles of secular concepts. Chen Yinque believes that anyone, including him and Wang Guowei, will make academic mistakes and can discuss and argue, but without independent spirit and free will, it is impossible to carry forward the truth and study academics. In this sense, he said: "The person I want to invite and the apprentice I want to take must have free thinking and independent spirit. Otherwise, they are not my students. "
Chen Yinque, who was blind in his later years, completed the 850,000-word masterpiece Liu Biezhuan in 10 years. This book "Cry for the ancients and leave gifts for the new" shows the great works of a great scholar in China in the past century. A weak woman who leans against the door and smiles pays more attention to the meaning of home and country than a five-foot man at the time of the change of generations in Ming and Qing Dynasties. He made a biography of a strange girl despised by the scholar-officials in recognition of "the spirit of national independence and the idea of freedom". Through such a figure, he showed the magnificent history of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties with an encyclopedic vision.
Chen Yinque has no will, but his academic achievements set an example for later generations of China. His works were published vertically in traditional Chinese characters, which was his expectation before his death. These words are branded with a unique imprint of academic life, "left to newcomers." Ji Xianlin recalled Chen Yinque in this way: he inherited the fine tradition of China's "scholar": every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world; hellip& amphellip
● Multidimensional interpretation
1. Academic benchmark
A true scholar must have the character of a scholar. Its performance is to adhere to academic standards and the conscience and conscience of scholars. Chen Yinque can be described as a pearl in the history of Chinese historiography and a benchmark figure for scholars in the Republic of China. The sword has been sharpened, and the wintersweet is cold. In terms of profundity and extensiveness, the modern literati who grew up in a boudoir really can't compare with Chen Yinque who suffered from blood shed. Contemporary people talk about Chen Yinque, and the three most widely circulated sentences are: "There is no master after the master"; "There is only one person in 300 years"; We are not qualified to talk about Chen Yinque. As Mr. Yi Zhongtian said in "Advise you not to talk about Chen Yinque": "Chen Yinque is great, but unfortunately we can't learn." There are three reasons: first, I can't stand it, second, I can't stay, and third, I can't stand it. With this "three can't live", Chen Yinque is really hopeless, because talking is also a waste of time. I think Mr. Yi Zhongtian is telling the truth. Only by telling the truth can we see Sven's embarrassing situation in reality.
2. Personality independence
At that time, Chen Yinque was able to filter and purify his own mind, adhere to an independent personality, maintain a free literary mentality, and have upright feelings of scholar-officials and a well-read and thoughtful China culture. As a master of literature and history, it is difficult to evaluate Chen in a few words. Perhaps, as he wrote on Wang Guowei's tombstone, "independent spirit, free thought" is the most appropriate sentence to evaluate him. Chen Yinque always puts the personality and integrity of intellectuals first. Especially during the "ten-year turmoil", the high-pressure control of ideology did not make Chen Yinque make any academic concessions. On the contrary, he suggested that study should not be influenced by politics. People without "independent spirit and free thinking" can't talk about "modernization", let alone "world citizens".
Applicable theme
Benchmarking, dullness, persistence, integrity, conscience, diving, caring for love, ordinary beauty, cultural background, independent personality, abandoning impetuousness, academic freedom, filtering the soul, life lessons, loneliness and glory, being invisible and visible, this is also a kind of beauty &; hellip& amphellip
General materials for Chinese college entrance examination composition 4
Feng Youlan fought for academic freedom and resisted ideological control.
Around 1939, Chen Lifu, as the Minister of Education of the National Government, instructed the National Southwest Associated University to abide by the new regulations of the Ministry of Education three times, and the Academic Affairs Meeting of the General Assembly decided to send a letter to defend it. The author of the defense is Mr. Feng Youlan. Professor Feng said that he was neither humble nor supercilious: "The Ministry attached importance to higher education, so the instructions were meticulous, but in the past, universities were equivalent to a discipline in Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, and people's indifference to it was self-evident." Chen Yinque's heroic essays commemorating Wang Guowei established the realm of "spiritual independence and freedom of thought" for scholars, while Feng Youlan's heroic essays were praised by later generations as engraving the glorious quality of a university "striving for academic freedom and resisting ideological control". His other masterpiece, Inscription on the Monument of National Southwest Associated University, is regarded as the best embodiment of the spirit of National Southwest Associated University and its special historical significance. The inscription said: "With its spirit of inclusiveness, United University changed the social atmosphere at that time, built the scale of academic freedom internally, won the title of democratic fortress externally, and ran counter to Qian Qian's Nuo Nuo, becoming a scholar &; The monument of hellip& amphellip will last forever, but the spirit of academic freedom it represents is gradually disappearing in today's academic circles.
However, among the scholars in the 20th century, Feng Youlan was the one who received the most written criticism. Talking about China's philosophy in the 20th century, Feng Youlan is the only one who can't get around it. It is a fact that foreigners know China's philosophy because of Feng Youlan. Li once commented that Feng Youlan was a person who could surpass but could not. Only by standing on his shoulders can we see further. Just like the turbulent fate of modern China, Feng Youlan's life was full of ups and downs, contradictions, sufferings and responsibilities. Feng Youlan was over 80 years old when he started writing a new edition of China's Philosophical History. He is old and ill. "His cleverness blinded his eyes and ears, and he could hardly write a book." He wrote more than 1.5 thousand words, word for word, all dictated by the old man and recorded by the assistant. In his last 15 years, everything revolved around the writing of New Edition of China's Philosophical History. In the middle of writing, he was ill and hospitalized many times. He even said: "I am treating diseases now because the book has not been finished." After writing, you don't have to be cured if you get sick again. " Feng Youlan is desperately writing the last big book of his life. Sure enough, he left safely after four months of writing.
● Multidimensional interpretation
1. Homework
Zhuangzi, an ancient philosopher, once lamented that "life is like a blink of an eye" and described life as short. But how to make your life meaningful varies from person to person. In this process, how to finish life's homework is very important. In the last 15 years of his life, Mr. Feng Youlan worked hard to write the last big book of his life around the writing of A New History of China's Philosophy, realized the value of life, completed the ultimate lesson of life, and died with a smile.
2. Academic freedom and spiritual freedom
Academic freedom is a manifestation of academic freedom, which advocates that scholars should have "independent spirit and free thoughts" in academic research, establish a folk position of academic criticism with skepticism, and dare to say "no" to administrative intervention. In the face of the three instructions of the National Government, Feng Youlan made a speech and wrote a reply. His defense was praised by later generations as engraving the brilliant quality of a university "fighting for academic freedom and resisting ideological control" and setting a model for academic freedom.
Applicable theme
Example, spiritual freedom, academic freedom, youthful old age, standing on the shoulders of giants, the meaning of living, the lessons of life, the courage to say "no"&; hellip& amphellip
General materials for Chinese college entrance examination composition V
Mei Yiqi mdash& ampmdash; Tsinghua's business card.
From professor to principal, Mr. Mei Yiqi has served Tsinghua continuously for nearly half a century, which is rare in the history of Chinese and foreign education. After he became the president of Tsinghua, he created the golden age of Tsinghua, improved the quality and reputation of Tsinghua in an all-round way, and made great achievements. He is known as the "lifelong principal" of Tsinghua. The Book of Changes said: "Heaven is strong, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement; The terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with morality. " In the eyes of the world, Mei Yiqi is such a real gentleman who combines Chinese and Western. At the inauguration ceremony of the president of Tsinghua University, Mei Yiqi left the most famous sentence in the history of China University: "The so-called scholar is not an architecture, but a master." He accepts talents in an eclectic way, and the "three exceptions" of China is a typical example. He emphasized the cultivation of students' moral character, and asked the professor to guide students how to be a man when guiding them to study. He himself has never been called a "master", but during his tenure, he invited many masters for Tsinghua and trained many masters for future generations. Mei Yiqi summed up his blood relationship with Tsinghua with these eight words, and expressed his love for Tsinghua. After Mei Yiqi's death, his younger brother Mei Yibao recalled with tears: "Brother Wu 1 1 year-old, was born as the eldest brother, respected the teacher and replaced strict father." Commemorate "Nine &; Middot at the first anniversary of the 18th Incident, he firmly believed that "those who are unwilling to be slaves will get up and ask for it". He is full of confidence: "Although the three northeastern provinces are dead, the people of Northeast China will not die&; With the existence of this national spirit, the Northeast will not die out. "At the National Southwest Associated University, Mrs. Mei will take out a homemade snack called" Ding Sheng Cake "for everyone who visits Mei Yiqi's home, and the words" Ding Sheng Cake "are embedded in the rice cake to express her confidence in the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
● Multidimensional interpretation
1. Architecture and Masters
The first-class luxury buildings in universities do not mean the first-class quality of running schools. When Cai Yuanpei was in charge of Peking University, Peking University did not make great efforts to worship the building, but was surrounded by a large number of academic giants such as Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, Ma Yinchu and Liu Bannong. He relied on this talented tutor team to lay the basic character of Peking University in one fell swoop. Admittedly, in order to provide a good environment for further study for the rapidly increasing number of college students, it is understandable to purchase the necessary equipment. However, due to the lack of autonomy in running a university and excessive administrative intervention, we often pay attention to tangible "hardware" rather than its internal quality. With the arrival of materialism and consumerism, universities are no longer pure land, and "academic corruption" incidents emerge one after another. Mr. Mei Yiqi, known as the "eternal president" of Tsinghua, said: "The so-called scholar is not an architecture, but a master." The words are still in my ears, and I have gone. Looking back at reality is painful!
2. virtuous, carrying things
A true gentleman has a broad mind that embraces everything in the world and is willing to study hard under the dazzling light of others. In the eyes of the world, Mei Yiqi is such a real gentleman who combines Chinese and Western. In Tsinghua's century-old school history, it is such a behind-the-scenes hero who won glory and honor on Tsinghua's Academic Avenue of Fame. Although he himself has never been called a "master", during his tenure, he invited many masters for Tsinghua and trained many masters for future generations. It is this indifferent and peaceful attitude and broad-minded virtue that has made Tsinghua's century-old glory, and Mei Yiqi himself has become a business card of Tsinghua, which is world-renowned.
Applicable theme
Business cards, monuments, masters, patriotism, self-confidence, optimism, abnormality, university spirit, virtue, architecture and masters, and eclectic recruitment of talents &; hellip& amphellip
General materials for Chinese college entrance examination composition VI
Merrio mdash& ampmdash "Lonely" Justice
Mei Ruqian, a "lonely" justice in his later years, once wrote a brilliant stroke in the modern history of China & the Tokyo Trial. 1946 March19, Dr. Mei Ruxuan, who was appointed as a judge of the Far East International Military Tribunal, left Shanghai for Tokyo. Dr. Mei once said emotionally: "Now is the era of the rule of law, and it is necessary to judge first and then chop. Otherwise, I really want to cut him first, so that I can get rid of my hatred &; Hellip& amphellip, these war criminals must be severely punished. Otherwise, millions of compatriots who died unjustly will not be comforted. Since I am entrusted by the people of China, I will do my best to act in accordance with the law and never let war criminals escape legal sanctions! " Merrio fulfilled his promise. In this large-scale trial, which lasted for two and a half years and was rare in the history of human justice, 28 Japanese Class A war criminals were duly punished. The impassioned justice of the Far East International Military Tribunal once lingered in our ears: "I am not a revengeist, and I have no intention of writing the blood debt owed to us by Japanese imperialism on the account of the Japanese people. However, I believe that forgetting the sufferings of the past may lead to future disasters. "
● Multidimensional interpretation
1. Sword of Justice
Legal sword dance "Far East", Mei Ruxuan safeguarded the dignity of the country. He participated in the Tokyo military court trial on behalf of the people of China, which not only won justice for the people of China, but also played a historic role in developing and maintaining the normal international order. As the Sino-Japanese Diaoyu Islands dispute intensifies, we need another sword of jurisprudence to dance the "Far East" again.
Remember history
Lenin said that forgetting history means betrayal. The historical trial that passed away like smoke gave the people of China a chance to hold their heads high. Never forget the past, the teacher of the future, "Never forget the past, the teacher of the future", Judge Mei's words of hit the floor are thought-provoking.
Applicable theme
Responsibility, commitment, justice, forgetting and remembering, looking back at the footprints behind &; hellip& amphellip