(b) Ideas should be innovative.
The innovation of graduation thesis lies in its value. The innovation of the article, in general, requires that we should not simply repeat the views of our predecessors, but must have our own independent opinions. The reason why academic papers should be innovative is determined by the purpose of scientific research. Fundamentally speaking, people carry out scientific research in order to understand those areas that have not been recognized by people, and the writing of academic papers is the written expression of research results. Therefore, the research and writing process itself is a creative activity. In this sense, if an academic paper is not creative, it is not scientific research, so it cannot be called an academic paper. Although graduation thesis focuses on the basic training of students' scientific research ability, creativity is still a basic requirement it emphasizes.
Of course, we should correctly understand the specific requirements of academic papers, especially graduation papers. It can be manifested as achievements in new fields that have not been explored by predecessors and new topics that have not been done by predecessors; It can be manifested as further research on the basis of predecessors' achievements, new discoveries or new opinions, and the formation of a family statement. It can also be manifested in re-summarizing and expressing existing materials or opinions from a new perspective. The article can scientifically explain new problems in real life and propose solutions, which is naturally creative; Even if we just put forward some new phenomena and problems that can arouse people's attention and thinking, it is still a kind of creativity. In the "Regulations on Invention Awards" issued by the Achievement Bureau of the State Science and Technology Commission 1983 in March, it was pointed out: "In scientific and technological achievements, only innovation in the objective world is invention, and ... as for scientific achievements in understanding the objective world, that is discovery." The regulations clearly stipulate "new": "new" refers to what the predecessors did not have. What is known and what is published is not "new". These regulations can be used as an important basis for us to measure the creativity of graduation thesis.
According to the principles stipulated in the "Regulations" and combined with writing practice, the following specific aspects can be considered to measure the creativity of graduation thesis:
(1) has certain theoretical or practical significance in the discipline field of this major, and through independent research, I put forward my own understanding and views.
(2) Although it is a problem that others have studied, the author adopts a new argument angle or a new experimental method, and the conclusions put forward can inspire people to some extent.
(3) Be able to clarify the confused views on a certain issue with your own powerful and thorough analysis. Although there is no updated viewpoint, it can provide some necessary conditions and methods for others to re-study this issue.
(4) Put forward and solve the problems in actual production and life to a certain extent with newer theories and methods, and achieve certain results. Or provide new ideas and data for solving practical problems.
(5) Put forward and solve the problems in this discipline to some extent with the theories of related disciplines.
(6) Use newly discovered materials (data, facts, historical facts, observations, etc.). ) to prove the proved point of view.
Creativity in scientific research requires us not to blindly follow predecessors' conclusions, but to be good at independent thinking, dare to put forward our own independent opinions and dare to deny those outdated conclusions. This requires not only a diligent learning attitude, but also a spirit of pursuing truth and being brave in innovation. To correctly handle the relationship between inheritance and innovation, any innovation does not come out of thin air and is always based on the achievements of predecessors. Therefore, we should seriously study, study and absorb the achievements of our predecessors. But this kind of knowledge is not eaten alive without analysis, but is to be inherited, criticized and developed.
Third, the arguments should be informative and rigorous.
(a) Arguments should be informative.
It is not enough for an excellent graduation thesis to have a good theme and viewpoint, it must also be supported by sufficient and informative argumentation materials. Graduation thesis is different from general argumentative thesis, which is the remarkable feature of graduation thesis. In a general argumentative essay, the author only needs to analyze one or two arguments to prove a point, while the graduation thesis must take a lot of argumentation materials as the basis and pillar of his own point of view. Every time the author establishes an opinion, he should consider: what materials are used as the main evidence and what materials are used as circumstantial evidence; Whether you will have different opinions or negative opinions on your own views, and how to explain or refute the objections held by others. The opinions and opinions that the author is required to put forward in the graduation thesis are really his own, and in order to make his own opinions recognized by others, there must be a lot of sufficient and convincing reasons to prove his correctness.
The argument of graduation thesis should be sufficient and applied appropriately. It is impossible and unnecessary to quote all the research results, facts, incisive expositions, all the actual data, observation results and investigation results in a paper, but take what is necessary and discard what is dispensable. Arguments serve arguments, and simple material accumulation can not only prove arguments, but also powerfully explain arguments, on the contrary, it gives people a feeling that the article is dragging its feet, chaotic and meaningless. Therefore, it is very important to choose the necessary arguments in the collected materials. Generally speaking, we should pay attention to the novelty, typicality and representativeness of the argument, and more importantly, we should consider whether it can effectively explain the point of view.
The materials and data cited in the graduation thesis must be correct and reliable, which can withstand scrutiny and verification, that is, the correctness of the argument. The specific requirement is that the cited materials must be confirmed repeatedly. First-hand materials should be fair, verified repeatedly, personal likes and dislikes and assumptions should be removed, and their objective truth should be retained. Second-hand data should be traced back to the source, find the exact source, and deeply understand its meaning, and cannot be taken out of context. Quoting other people's materials serves your own argument, not as an ornament to the chapter. When quoting other people's information, you need to make some efforts to screen and identify it, so as to be accurate. When writing your graduation thesis, you should quote your own practical data and survey results as evidence. If the content of the article is the result of the author's own personal practice, then the value of the article will increase many times. Of course, for college students with limited knowledge and few practical opportunities, it is inevitable to repeat the work of others in the first scientific research and quote more practical achievements and data of others in their graduation thesis. But if the content of the whole article is a combination of indirect things, and you get very little, it will completely lose the meaning of writing a graduation thesis.
(B) the argument should be rigorous
Argumentation is the method and process of proving an argument with arguments. The argument should be rigorous and logical, so as to make the article convincing. The author should proceed from the overall situation of the article, put forward, analyze and solve problems according to the laws of objective things and the procedures of people's understanding of objective things, so that people's logical procedures and cognitive procedures can be unified and the whole article can form a logical whole. Locally speaking, the analysis of a problem and the explanation of a phenomenon should reflect a relatively complete process of concept, judgment and reasoning.
Graduation thesis is an article style based on logical thinking, which demands to understand a large number of scientific styles, reflect the essence or law of things through concepts, judgments and reasoning, and infer the unknown from the known. All kinds of graduation thesis adopt this thinking form. Social science papers often use known facts and take the form of inductive reasoning to gain an understanding of the unknown. In order to make the argument rigorous and logical, we must: (1) judge the concept accurately, which is the premise of logical reasoning; (2) Explain the process of understanding objective things in a hierarchical and orderly manner; (3) The leap process from "reality" to "emptiness" and from "thing" to "reason" should be embodied by combining the theory with the reality, that is, from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge.
In addition, writing graduation thesis should also pay attention to the clarity and standardization of style. Academic papers, investigation reports, popular science books, feasibility reports, publicity outlines, etc. Everyone has their own characteristics, and they should not be confused with each other in writing methods.