Characteristics of People-oriented Thought in Guanzi
I think we can start with a series of measures put forward by Guan Zi to attract population, enrich the people and strengthen the country, and distinguish the characteristics of his people-oriented thought, which is also of great guiding significance to today's society. First, encourage production and develop agriculture. In "Light and Heavy Armor", it is said that "one farmer does not plow, the people are hungry, and one woman does not weave, and the people are blocked." "Those born in the world, born of labor, born of labor." Emphasizing the importance of production, it is impossible to talk about other things without talking about production. "Herdsmen" begins with the explanation: "Where there are herdsmen in the land, there are four granaries. If the country has more money, it will come from afar. If the land is secluded, the people will stay. In fact, the granary is polite, well-fed, and you know the honor and disgrace. " It has been suggested that when agriculture is emphasized, warehouses should be built. When the country is rich, people will join the army and pay attention to land reclamation, so people will move and will not move to other places. In the "Seven Laws", the importance of land reclamation is particularly emphasized. "If the land is not reclaimed, six livestock can't have children; If the six livestock are infertile, the country will be poor and useless. " "Full Show" emphasizes: "Without livestock, you will go to the deep valley; Without Mu Zhi, this is impossible. If people go far away, there will be livestock; The people can be one, and there must be Mu Zhi. " We should attach importance to the development of animal husbandry, make people rich, let people move, and will not move to other countries. Second, attach importance to the development of industry and commerce. "Li Zheng" thinks: "There is no trace of fortifications, no women's articles, and the country is rich and strong." Riding on a Horse said: "Marketers can know how to control chaos and how many chaos there are, not how many chaos there are, but how to do it." It is believed that the development of industry and commerce is an industry that regulates supply and demand and increases wealth. In Xiao Kuang, "Scholars, farmers and businessmen are the Shi Min of the country." The juxtaposition of soldiers, agriculture, industry and commerce is regarded as the foundation of the country. In the article "National Reserve": "Anyone who will be a country, regardless of weight, cannot be caged in the people, cannot adjust the interests of the people, and cannot be ruled by words. It is a thousand countries, a thousand countries. What is it? " It can be seen that we attach importance to business, especially to the important role of business policy in national development. Third, the rulers should pay close attention to the relationship between the people and the country and adjust the policy priorities in real time. "Herdsmen" said: "I am happy when people are evil and worry about their work; People hate poverty, I am rich; When people are in danger, they die, and I am safe; People's evil is destroyed, and I am born. " "Therefore, from its four desires, those who are far away are close; If you have committed four evils, you will be judged by the nearest one. " Governing the country must obey the will of the people, think about what the people think, and do everything possible for the welfare of the people in order to win the support of the people. "Full Show" "If you want to be the world, you must first take care of your country; Those who want to be their country must value their people; If you want to be a person, you must pay attention to it. " "So, take it from the people and use it appropriately. Although the country is small, it will be safe; Take it from the people and use it more than enough. Although the country is big, there must be danger. " Guan warned the rulers to make proper use of the people's power, and not to neglect taxes lightly, so that the people can keep pace with the times and their power will not fail. "Guanzi" went on to say that when the decree was promulgated, "there was no time to seize the people." "Xiao Kuang" pointed out: "If people are not taken away, the people will be rich". The article "extravagance and waste" shows this view: "It is better to give people money than not to hurry. If you give people food, you'd better not catch it. " "Seven Laws" points out: "It is rooted in the qi of heaven and earth, the sum of cold and heat, the nature of water and soil, and the life of birds, animals and plants. Although there are not many things, they all have something to say, but they have not changed. " "If you don't know what it is, but you want to give orders, you still stand on the average value of transportation and you want to decide the outcome." The state must issue laws and regulations on the premise of ensuring the timely implementation of agricultural production, so as to ensure the development of agricultural production. Fourth, adjust national income to prevent polarization between the rich and the poor. "The National Reserve" said: "A wise man does much, but a fool loses something. However, people can't adjust, so people have a hundred times life. " Guan Zi went on to say, "If the husband and the people are rich, they can't give up, and if they are poor, they can't be punished. If the regulations are not good, the people will die and the rich and the poor will be uneven. " Put forward the harm of the gap between the rich and the poor, adjust the gap between the rich and the poor, so that the poor have security and the rich have interference. V. Necessary social welfare policies. "Going to the countryside" said: "Forty days in the countryside, the five elements and nine benefits are taught. One is old, the other is young, the third is lonely, the fourth is sick, the fifth is independent, the sixth is sick, the seventh is poor, the eighth is rejuvenating the country, and the ninth is rejected. " Guanzi has a detailed social security system to ensure people's minimum living conditions. (A) insufficient reserves, nip in the bud. The theory of governing the country mentioned: "millet is the king's skill, the great event of human beings, the way of human beings and the way of governing the country." People think that food is the basis of people's survival. Without food, the people will have no food and the country will have no governance. "Mountain Weight": "Therefore, Wang is anxious to keep ten years old, three years old and less than half a year old, and thirty-one and eleven years old and less than half a year old. One Tibetan ginseng is not enough to hurt people, but farmers respect their work. Therefore, the sky is ruined, the drought and water are fierce, and the people have no access. " When it comes to building stored grain, no one will die in a ravine or beg along the street in a famine year. In addition, Guan Zi also believes that national policies should be formulated to hide wealth from the people, so that in the event of disasters, people's self-defense ability can be improved and the level of self-help in production can be strengthened. In "Mountain Residence", it is proposed that "the rich have no poverty, and the poor have no wealth. Therefore, there is no money, no cloth, no official wealth, and it is hidden in the people. " The relationship between Tibet's prosperity and the country's prosperity is expounded. "Filial Piety" said: "Herdsmen generously harvest bumper years to fill the granary." "This also, don't take somebody else's money; Also did it, without losing its virtue. Having money is the first step, and this holy king is the most important thing. " It is pointed out that the role of taxation can adjust the wealth of the country and enrich the warehouse. In the event of a major disaster, you can "send a warehouse, and the mountain forest will use its wealth, forgive it and shake it first." The article "The National Reserve" specifically mentioned the importance of storage. "To make the capital of ten thousand houses, there must be ten thousand bells hidden and ten million hidden; Make the capital of a thousand rooms have a thousand points and a million. " When using the grain stored in the warehouse, if necessary, we will use the method of light and heavy, so as to make sure that we can take a heavy shot and put it down lightly, drain the flat and use the cheap, and disperse the millet for disaster relief. (2) lend money to help the people and adjust the pension. In the face of the serious self-heating disaster, in order to further resume production and let the landless peasants put into labor as soon as possible, Guan proposed to provide loans from the state. "Mountain Country Track" said: "Tian has more tracks than others, and I am willing to buy public money. Many people have few families. Tian Shantian said, "At the end of the year, its food is not enough for its people. "How to buy with public funds can be completely accurate." According to the people's income, we will lend different amounts of coins as appropriate to maintain basic agricultural production. In the chapter "Mountain Country Track", it goes on to say: "Any family without wealth uses weapons, victories, hairpin, scraps, and public clothes. The merits have been returned to the public service, and the coupons have been folded, so the strength comes from the people and is used from the top." During the busy farming season, the state provides production tools, lends them to people who have no money, and returns them after completing farm work. The state will destroy the borrowed documents when renting a house. It is recorded in "Light and Heavy Ding" that Huan Gong took measures to make: "All mortgage houses fold coupons, cut books, distribute treasures, and give gifts to help the poor and the sick, and divide the difference." It has dealt a heavy blow to usurers, enabling people to continue production and guarantee interest. (three) the construction of water conservancy, to work for the relief. Guanzi thinks that special attention should be paid to floods in disasters. Li Zheng: "Second, the ditch is not enough, the water is not safe to hide, and the country is poor; In the ravine, the water is hidden, and the country is rich and the people are strong. " The article Du Di holds that "water is the worst of the five evils." If it is the most important to control the five evils from water control, then it is particularly important to "invite water officials and let those who learn water be officials". "When you travel to waterways, battlements, dams, ditches, ponds, government offices, temples and the mainland, you should become a healer and provide money to the dead." Regarding dam-building, Guan said: "Officials of water officials are often ordered to build dams in winter, and cities that can be managed are all done in spring. After they have done it, they will continue to do it. The dike was destroyed, and it rained cats and dogs, so everyone kept his place. Those who could be cured were given by disciples with interest. Heavy rain, the levee can be clothed and washed, which can be used as a basis. At the end of the year, it is real to be defeated. When this is the norm, what is the disaster? " The state has specially set up officials in charge of water conservancy to inspect dikes in winter and report to the central authorities in time, break ground in slack season, nip in the bud before the rainstorm comes, and repair them in time in advance to ensure that dikes are in good condition and people's property is not damaged. The book "Riding on a Horse" also mentions the idea of "working for relief", which means that people build palaces, pavilions and pavilions in the case of drought and water shortage, and people who didn't have dogs before are useless. Therefore, repairing the palace pavilion is not a pleasure, but also a national policy. "After the disaster, hungry people were hired to engage in civil construction, so that they could maintain basic living security. The purpose is to "protect the country and defend the country", not "have fun". In this way, the foundation of the people, that is, agricultural production can continue. (4) Advocating moral education and encouraging social mutual assistance. The article "Herdsmen" mentioned: "In fact, granaries know etiquette, and you will know honor and disgrace when you have enough to eat and wear warm clothes. Advocating "the education of nine benefits" and "six honors" has formed a society. A sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of support, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security, a sense of security. While providing state relief, it also encourages social mutual assistance. Guan Zi thinks it is necessary to highlight the role of the family. In the article "Question", it is mentioned that "Who are the children in the abandoned country? " 。" "Ask the rural poor, what people don't also? Ask the son of Kundi, how did Kundi get from poverty? . "Xiao Kuang clearly stipulates:" When people die, people protect each other. The family loves each other, lives together less, travels and sacrifices each other, takes care of each other when they die, enjoys each other when they are happy, makes peace with each other when they live together, and cries and mourns. " On the one hand, the state strengthens local control, on the other hand, it urges clans to love each other and help each other, which is an extension of state relief at the local level. I hope I can help you. In addition, there are some papers and materials I collected about the idea of "management" for reference. Please let me know and send it to you if necessary.