I chose the second topic.

Information and communication technology for China

In the past ten years, China's information and communication technology (ICT) industry has experienced rapid growth, and now it plays a leading role in the economic development of China.

Due to China's "open" policy and the road of economic reform, China's electronic communication industry has grown at a rate of three times the GDP. In 2006, the revenue of China's electronic communication industry reached 475 billion yuan.

The total foreign trade reached $6565438+700 million, accounting for more than 15% of the global electronic products trade, and the output of many electronic products ranked first in the world. These electronic products include:

colour television

Mobile phone

computer

electronic watch

calculator

DVD

China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) provided a transitional period for opening up its telecommunications sector, which lasted until 2007 1 1 month. Therefore, this will help China to develop one of the largest open telecommunications markets in the world. As one of the hottest market entry sectors for foreign information and communication technology companies, the value-added service sector is expected to promote this growth.

The government of China manages foreign direct investment in the telecommunications sector through the Ministry of Information Industry (MII). This includes basic infrastructure and value-added services, but there are various restrictions on the level of foreign ownership. From 1 February1day, 2007, a new revised classification of industries for foreign investment has been implemented, replacing the previous version published on1October 30, 2004, and providing new guidance for foreign direct investment in various industrial sectors.

In order to ensure that the telecommunications market in China operates in a fair, transparent and effective competitive environment, the first telecommunications law in China has been drafted, and public consultation is being conducted before its promulgation. In addition to the existing regulations, this will provide further guidance and protection for investors and operators.

With China entering the 1 1 five-year plan period, ICT has also changed from "supporting and promoting" to "strengthening industry integration and independent innovation". The key points are:

Continue to improve the overall level of integrated ICT services.

Increase and improve the development of information and communication technology infrastructure

Strengthen the independent innovation of core industries

Focus on cultivating strategic industrial clusters

Actively promote the comprehensive development of all information and communication technology sectors.

Strengthen the modernization of postal service

Strengthen radio communication management

Improve the ability of information and communication technology infrastructure to support the national economy.

By the year of 20 10, the target penetration rate of fixed communication in China is expected to reach 30%, reaching 1000 million operating users (SIO), and the target penetration rate of mobile communication will reach 45%, reaching 600 million SIO. Internet users are expected to reach 200 million, with a penetration rate of 15%.

telecom

Since 18 1 1 month 1987 installed the first wireless mobile phone base station, China reached 53 1.4 million mobile SiO by the end of 2007 10. Therefore, China has the largest number of mobile phone users in the world. And the vast SiO also produced 483.7 billion short message services (SM S). Because of China's large population, compared with most developed countries, the mobile phone penetration rate in China is still low, only 39.9%. This has brought huge growth opportunities for companies in the China market.

The growth of fixed communication is slightly lower than that of mobile communication, with a total of 370 million fixed communication users and a penetration rate of 28.3%.

There are more than 22,000 registered companies in China providing value-added services to the telecommunications industry. China has six major telecom operators:

China Telecom

China Mobile

China Satellite Company

China Unicom

China Netcom

China railway traffic

Software and system integration

In 2006, the domestic software market in China reached 480 billion yuan. The total number of registered software companies has increased to 15723, and the number of employees in the software industry has exceeded 654.38+290,000. There are more than 35 companies with turnover exceeding 1 100 million yuan, and 5 companies with turnover of 5- 1 100 million yuan. In addition, more than 80 software companies have more than 1 000 employees.

At present, 38 companies have obtained CMM5 (Software Capability Maturity Model) certification, which is the highest level of internationally recognized software company certification program. In addition, 23 companies have obtained CMM4 certification, and more than 200 companies have obtained CMM3 certification. More and more China software companies seek and obtain CMM certification, which shows that they have enhanced their software development capabilities and overall product quality to compete in the global market.

internet

Since China sent the first e-mail "Crossing the Great Wall, We Can Reach Every Corner of the World" on September 20th (1987), the popularity of the Internet in China has grown in step with the development and expansion of the entire telecommunications infrastructure. China has become the second largest Internet user country in the world, with about1620,000 users, second only to the United States with 211620,000 users. In addition, by the end of June 2007, there were 67 million computers connected to the Internet and more than 654.38+300,000 websites in China. The global total bandwidth reaches 3 12346 Mbps, with an annual growth rate of 45.8%.

Although the Internet industry in China has made remarkable growth, compared with the global average of 17.6%, the penetration rate of the Internet industry in China is still very low, only 12.3%. Internet access in urban and rural areas is obviously "unequal", which is 265,438+0.6% and 5.65,438+0% respectively.

ADSL, dial-up and wireless (including mobile phone access) are the three main access modes for China to access the Internet. Broadband SiO is developing very rapidly. As of 20071February, broadband users reached1220,000, making it the largest user country in the world, with a penetration rate of 17.5%. In 2007, 30% of new broadband users came from rural areas. In addition, there are 20.2 million dial-up users.

The main applications of Internet users in China are news search, instant messaging and entertainment (music, video and games). Activities related to e-commerce are on the rise, including online shopping, travel booking, online stock trading and banking. It is expected that e-commerce related applications and services will become one of the main growth areas in the future.

Although foreign direct investment (FDI) in Internet-related infrastructure is on the rise, applications and services such as Internet service providers (ISP), application service providers (ASP) and Internet content providers (ICP) are not yet open to foreign providers, and there are strict content management and approval processes to ensure that the Internet is used to enhance social responsibility and harmony.

The challenges faced by the Internet industry in China include:

Fair access to the Internet between urban and rural areas to break the "digital divide".

Information and technical knowledge level of small and medium-sized enterprises.

The overall quality and application of the Internet to improve productivity and be more competitive in the global market.

Integrate information and communication technologies in all industrial sectors.

chance

The development of ICT industry in China provides opportunities in many fields, including:

Telecommunication infrastructure

O 3G/4G wireless communication

O technology based on intellectual property rights

O rural telecom

O network integration and billing

value added service

O e-learning

O entertainment

O mobile applications

E-commerce / electronic commerce

O online payment and mobile payment

O electronic security

O integrated logistics application and management

Industrial application

O telematics

O remote metering

O geospatial applications

O environment and clean technology application

O finance and banking

O security

O digital content

New technologies, applications and materials

O network TV

O new digital audio system

O radio frequency identification (RFID)

O nanotechnology

O energy-saving materials

Tariffs, regulations and customs

Tariffs on ICT products and services vary according to the classification of categories and the level of local ingredients in China. Some ICT products exported to China need to pass compulsory certification in China, that is, 3cc certification.

According to China's commitment to join the WTO, China has implemented zero tariffs on 256 categories of information and communication technology products. To determine the exact category and level of applicable tariffs (if any), it is recommended to consult experienced customs brokers who are proficient in ICT products.

Marketing your products and services.

Market entry

According to your company's situation and strategic direction, there are various tools that can be used to enter the ICT market in China. These include:

exclusively foreign-owned enterprise

joint venture

Value-added distributor (var)

dealer

A new entry tool, virtual entry, has been adopted by many small and medium-sized enterprises. A Chinese domain name is registered and all the contents are translated into the local language, however, the operation is carried out outside the home country. Each tool requires different requirements and investment strategies.

The goal of the China government is to be more transparent when awarding large-scale projects. Public bidding is usually released through the media, inviting interested companies to express their interest. In some cases, foreign companies find it helpful to build partnerships with suitable local companies to raise awareness of their capabilities. It is very important to establish a good relationship with key stakeholders, so that the company can better obtain information and prepare submission materials. However, many other projects are completed through local networks. In this case, it is usually necessary to cooperate with local partners with similar industry capabilities and backgrounds.

If your product or application doesn't need local modification and is "plug and play", you can sell your products and services through local distributors. This will happen once the customs import procedures are approved and the relevant network access tests are passed (if applicable).

If your products and applications need localization, translation, further development and local integration, you need to contact local service integrators. This can be done through joint venture partners or service contractors before being sold to end users, especially in financial and other sensitive categories.

In most cases, except for games and English language learning applications, your products and applications are likely to have to be "localized" to adapt to the local market environment. This is particularly important for accounting, intelligent transportation systems, finance and banking, and security applications.

Once you meet all the requirements, it is relatively easy to register a company in China. Different company structures need different start-up funds. Company registration requirements may vary from region to region. I suggest you study hard and consult widely before making the final investment decision.

I just calculated that it is about 1700 words.