Chibi Hengjiang Wars Xiong Lei, and the remains of Hannan are similar;
Tomorrow, the dust will come out like washing, adding a touch of hongxia.
Although Chibi is a water area, it was a prosperous market in Ming and Qing Dynasties with a dense population. The existing brick well in Chibi Street of Ming Dynasty is a historical witness at that time.
The ancient city of Chibi has been abandoned, and it is difficult to find the trace of Chibi. There are many new buildings in Chibi, and even more modern China aliases such as Hu Sha, Zhang Renzhi and Ding Ling all wrote inscriptions in Chibi. The prosperity and rise of Chibi will soon be as famous as the famous Wenwu Chibi in Hubei.
Chibi, everyone only knows one place. However, because of Su, the two places became one article and one martial art, and Wu's (in today's chibi city) was named Chibi because Zhou Yu and Cao Cao fought there and burned the rock wall. Wen (in today's Huangzhou City) was written by a different writer because Su Dongpo made a mistake. What should I do if I make a mistake in Chibi? It's called Wen Chibi.
But Hanchuan also has Chibi, don't you know? According to Ming Jiajing's "Hanyang Fuzhi", "Since Jianghan, there are five people who say Chibi." According to Chen Wanjun's Three Hundred Tang Poems and Li Shangyin's Red Cliff, "There are Hanchuan, Hanyang, Jiangxia (Wuchang), Jiayu (after liberation, it was placed in Puyin, which is now chibi city) and Huangzhou." It can be seen that "Red Cliff" is really a raging fire. Everywhere, I can't wait to dig Zhou Yu and Cao Cao out of the ground and come to my hometown to fight. What are the advantages of fighting? I don't understand.
Where is Hanchuan Chibi? What's your name? According to Li Jifu's Records of Yuanhe County in the Tang Dynasty, "Chachuan (known as Hanchuan Chachuan in the Tang Dynasty) has Chibi Mountain, also known as Chibi Mountain, which is 80 miles west of the county seat and named after its homophonic red nose."
Is Hanchuan Chibi the battlefield of Battle of Red Cliffs in the Three Kingdoms? No doubt, no, according to Jiajing's Records of Hanyang Prefecture, "Li Daoyuan's Zhu Yun (Hanshui) is on the left via Chibi, and then the Wulin in Chibi is 200 miles apart, so it is not one place. The boat went down Jiangling, and Zhou Yu went up Jiangzhou. The two armies will meet in Chibi, which will be a remote place for the great river and Hanchuan. " The change of "red nose" into "red cliff" is caused by Guan Yu culture and the Three Kingdoms fever. The established practice has been passed down to this day.
In June 2005, Journal of China Agricultural University (Social Science Edition) published the article "Chibi Ancient Battlefield in Hanchuan, Hubei Province" in the second issue of 2005.
This article was written by Feng Hanjiang, a professor at Huzhou Normal University, and Chen Zhonglin, an associate professor at Jingzhou Textile Workers' College. Published in Journal of Jingzhou Normal University 200 1 No.6.. Before the publication of this journal, the editorial department of Journal of China Agricultural University organized relevant Beijing historians to review and approve the manuscript.
This paper is based on the arguments in Wang Shen's Heroes and Lu Ji's History of the Three Kingdoms, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an at that time, taking Shi Quan, a famous contemporary historian and professor of Wuhan University, as an example, and taking the works of Gu Jiangling, Gu Dangyang, Zhong Xiang's Cuba Mountain, Gu Huarong and modern Battle of Red Cliffs in Yicheng Three Kingdoms as the basis. Combined with a large number of legends, allusions and sites in Zhongzhou, Dong Zhong, Liu Ge, Hull, Makou, Jingshan, Yingcheng and Tianmen, it is proved that the battle between Battle of Red Cliffs and Wulin and the battlefield of Cao Cao's great defeat recorded in the Records of the Three Kingdoms are Chibi, Dong Zhong and Liu Ge in Zhongzhou in the Diaocha Lake basin, and the conclusion is drawn that the ancient battlefield of Chibi was indeed in the Han Dynasty. Through theoretical research, on-the-spot investigation and war situation analysis, this paper holds that Battle of Red Cliffs happened not in the Yangtze River, but in Hanshui River. The ancient battlefield of Chibi should be located in Chibi (now Chibi Street in Hanchuan City) and Wulin (now Dongchuan Town) in Hanchuan City, Hubei Province.
Battle of Red Cliffs took place in the 13th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 208). At that time, Cao Cao led the army south to unify the world. Sun Quan and Liu Bei formed an alliance and defeated Cao Jun ... This war laid the foundation for the tripartite confrontation among the three countries and was a famous example in the history of war. Regarding the location of the ancient battlefield in Chibi, there was a saying of "Jingchu Five Chibi" (Puyin, Wuchang, Huangzhou, Hanyang and Hanchuan Chibi) in ancient times. Contemporary historians include Puyin, Wuchang and Jiayu. It can be seen that the location of the ancient battlefield in Chibi is still inconclusive and an eternal mystery. After theoretical research and on-the-spot investigation, we think that Battle of Red Cliffs should occur in Chibi, Hubei (now Chibi Street, Hanchuan City) and Wulin (now Dongchuan Town, Hanchuan City).
Lu Ji of the Western Jin Dynasty (26 1-303) said in "On Death": "Wei tasted the power of victory, with a rate of one million.
Division, floating Dengsai (northeast of Xiangfan City) boat, gathering people under Hanyin, feathering down the river, sharp division of 100,000 brigades, Ministry of Military Affairs Yuanji. ..... and Zhou Yu urged me to be a partial teacher, and I lost my flag in Chibi, but I was spared, and I was far away. "It is clearly pointed out in this article that Cao Cao's water army and infantry cavalry all went south along the Hanshui River.
Shi Quan, a famous contemporary historical geographer in China, said in "A New Exploration of Ancient Jingchu Geography": "The site of Chu Imperial City in Yicheng City, Hubei Province today should be the former site of Chu Du Ying and its successor city Jiangling City (Nanjun Zhisuo) in Qin and Han Dynasties", and "When Xiaocha established a small court in Hou Liang in 555 AD, another new Jiangling City began to appear in this site on the north bank of the Yangtze River (now Jingzhou, Hubei Province). "At the end of the Han Dynasty, Baqiu City in the Three Kingdoms Period ... was 67 miles northwest of Zhongxiang County today". Dangyang City in the Han and Wei Dynasties was near Qiligang, west of Yicheng County. GuHuarong County is near Ji Hu, in the northwest of Zhongxiang City. Jiangling, Baqiu, Dangyang and Huarong recorded in the Han and Wei Dynasties were all in Hanshui area. Therefore, "The History of the Three Kingdoms, Emperor Wudi": "The public (Cao Cao) gathered from Jiangling to Baqiu. ..... It's not good to go to Chibi and prepare for war. " [3] The "Jiangling", "Baqiu" and "Chibi" mentioned in the records should all be on the banks of the Hanshui River.
The Hanshui River was called "Jiang" in ancient times, and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the Three Kingdoms period refers to the Hanshui River between Xiakou and Xiangyang. "Historical Records of Zhou Benji" (Volume 4) said:' Wang Zhao traveled south to hunt, did not return, and died on the river'. It is an indisputable fact that King Zhao of Zhou traveled south and never returned to Hanshui. The "Jiang" mentioned in the history books here is obviously not the Yangtze River, but only the Hanshui River. "The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Guan Yu Chuan said,' My ancestors crossed the river from Fan and did not send feather boats to Jiangling'. Liu Bei was stationed in Fancheng on the north bank of Hanshui River. Under the pressure of Cao Cao's army going south, he led his troops to withdraw south. After crossing the river, we arrived in Xiangyang. ..... Since Fan refers to "Jiang", obviously it can only refer to Hanshui River near Xiangfan City, Hubei Province.
RoyceWong's Biography of Heroes: "In the summer of Zhou Yu in Zhenjiang, Cao Cao wanted to cross the river from Chibi to the south, and there was no fire. He got off the boat at Hanshui and lived in Pukou, but he didn't cross the river immediately. Zhou Yu's night messenger easily took a hundred boats, and fifty people moved them. Some people hold torches. As soon as the fire burns, they return to the fire. After a while, thousands of cakes were burned, and the fire was big. It shone in the sky and went to fuck at night. " [4] RoyceWong was one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an" in the late Han Dynasty. First he attached himself to Liu Biao, and then he was appointed Prime Minister. Participated in Battle of Red Cliffs. So the records in Hero are reliable. This article clearly records that Cao Cao's water army came down from the Hanshui River, so Battle of Red Cliffs can only happen on the Hanshui River. (1) Ji Ming City, Shenshentai City and Doubu City.
"Ji Ming is in the west of the county 100 mile." "Ming Yi Tongzhi" says: Cao Cao defeated Wulin and built a city to station troops. As soon as he heard that foreign troops were coming, he pretended to crow and run away, commonly known as Zhang Jiacheng. [5] Today, Ji Ming is located in Yanzi Village, Hull Town, Hanchuan, with an area of 90 mu. It is a rectangular earthen city, which has been destroyed for a long time, but the wheel corridor is still visible. In recent years, some farmers dug up some bricks in the northeast corner of the city in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The Goddess Platform is located in Zhang Chi, Nanhu Lake, and the tomb is four or five feet higher on the flat ground. Wei Wu broke Jingzhou and went down to Dongwu, and it became like this overnight, so-called God. "[5] The ancient platform is located in Shenlingtai Village, Hull Town, 4 kilometers away from Jiming City, where the Wei Wu Temple was built; Doubu City, now known as Doubudun, is 6 kilometers away from Shenshentai. Wei Zhuoyuan, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem: "A peak is full of stones, and a bucket of steps calls itself a name. The road turns into a stream, and the mountain returns to the mountain to build a city. The fog opens the turtle, the wind crows, and everyone asks how many times to ride. " [5] That is to say, Cao Cao was defeated in Chibi, and Wulin was defeated.
(2) The masts of Chibi, Chibi Ancient Well, Doupi Lake and Datan in Hanchuan.
"Chibi Street is in the west of the county seat 120, and in Hubei Province, it is one of the five red cliffs in Jingchu. During the Ming Dynasty, the land was flooded, and the Hanjiang River was a huge town in the northwest of the city. Since the waterway goes south and the river is impassable, it has become yin deficiency. " [5] There is an ancient well in Chibi Street, which is still used by local people. Through the textual research on the well brick, it was a relic at that time. It is said that there are more than a dozen ancient wells buried around. Bean skin lake in the northwest of Chibi Street, 1958 When building a farm, it was found that a mast was more than one foot above the ground vertically, and the upper part was dug up by villagers. In Niu Jiao Bay, 4 kilometers southeast of Chibi, an old man told the story of swimming in the swimming pool in front of the village when he was a child. He found a vertical mast underwater. Why do masts appear in many places around Chibi in Hanchuan? This can not help but make us ponder: of course, one proves that this place was a deep lake in ancient times, and the other provides us with research clues. Is its mast a relic left by a burning warship at that time?
(3) Hanchuan Wulin, Jungutai and Junbao.
The Wulin in Hanchuan is now the important town in Dongchuan, 9 kilometers away from Chibi in Hanchuan. This town has a history of more than 2000 years. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Xifu Town and later Xi Zhong Town. 1.5km to the north, there is an earthen platform named Baigutai. 1958, land is reclaimed here. When dug to a depth of 2.5 meters, it was all loose soil. In the loose soil of 10,000 square meters, a large number of human bones were dug up, and many bronze mirrors with rings and round copper buckles were obviously relics of soldiers' armor at that time. It can be seen that "(Cao Jun) foot soldiers are hungry, and most of the dead". [3] In addition, all the defeated soldiers in Wulin are buried here. There are three castles in Osamu Tezuka Town, which are called Osamu Tezuka by local people, all of which were dug up in the 1950s. However, bricks with different shapes still exist, which were identified as bricks in the late Eastern Han Dynasty by experts from Jingzhou Museum. According to the old man who was involved in digging the castle at that time, there were stone tables, stone benches, bowls, cups, pots, dental chopsticks, stone horses, stone men, bronze swords and a lot of copper coins in the castle.
(4) Hanchuan Dachi, Shell Mountain and Limei Station
Wei Zhi: "When Cao Cao was defeated in the Wulin, the cock crowed and ran away until dawn". [6] Dachi is now Hanchuan Liu Ge Town, where the ancient Hanshui River flows, and Battle of Red Cliffs is a military location. Shell Mountain is located in Xinlu Village, Yihe Town, Yingcheng City, 5 kilometers away from Dongzhong Town. There are four shell mountains here, each about150m long, 20m wide and 5m high. It is said that Cao Jun was short of food in past dynasties, and the soldiers fed on mussels in the lake, and the shells of mussels piled up here to form this mountain. North of Shell Mountain 10 km, there is a local platform named Chensi Station in the northwest of Longsai Lake in Yingcheng. The place name of Yingcheng County said: "This platform was built in Tatsumi within two hours when Cao Cao went down to the south of the Yangtze River, and it was used as a parade platform." [7]
In addition, there are related relics in Chibi area of Hanchuan, such as Caowangmatai, Caojunying Gate, Caocao Ancient Dike, Caojiayan, Caocao Temple, Cao Wu Street, Zilongquan, Mumaling, Ximakou, Shuziqi and Macheng. According to the Records of Yuanhe County in the Tang Dynasty, "Chibi Cao Shi is 80 miles west of the county (Hanchuan County), which is often referred to as the defeat of Tsao Gong in ancient and modern books". [8] It can be seen that Hanchuan Chibi said that it was very popular before the Tang Dynasty, and it was the only one before the Tang Dynasty. However, at that time, the Tang people believed that Jiangling and Nanjun were on the Yangtze River, so they thought that Battle of Red Cliffs happened on the Yangtze River, thus denying the theory of Hanchuan Chibi. "..... Tsao Gong from Jiangling water army to Baqiu, Chibi to Chin Hill, army defeat led back to Nanjun, Zhou Yu water army retreated, and in the great river, different from Chachuan (Hanchuan). "[8] Since then, there have been other Chibi sayings. It has been proved that Jiangling, Nanjun and Baqiu in the Han and Wei Dynasties were all near the Hanshui River. Now Jiangling was relocated in 555 AD and has been away from Battle of Red Cliffs for more than 300 years. It can be seen that the record is wrong because of the relocation of the address.
""'Cao Lin was defeated, and the crow ran away and went to the sky'. That is, in the Five Dynasties, the county town moved to this place, that is, the land of Liu Jiage (now Hanchuan Liu Ge Town). [6] This shows that Cao Cao retreated to Hanchuan Dachi after the defeat of Wulin. It also shows that Battle of Red Cliffs's related Chibi, Wulin and Dachi are all in Hanchuan.
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao sent a letter to Sun Quan, saying, "When Chibi was sleepy, it was foggy, so you lost your way." . [2] At that time, Xu Gan, who went to Chibi with Cao Cao, said in "Preface": "Turn left along the river, and there is no evil involved in cloud dreams". [9] Cao and Xu both mentioned Battle of Red Cliffs in Yun Mengze. "Hanchuan County Records" contains: "County territory is an integral part of Yunmengze in ancient history ... After the extension and deposition of Hanshui River, a vast lake alluvial plain has gradually formed". [10] Hu Ze in Chibi area of Hanchuan is an inseparable part of Yunmengze. Xu Gan's "left turn" means that Cao Cao's water army went south along the Hanshui River from Xiangyang, turned east at Shayang, Jingmen, and entered the lake in Chibi, Hanchuan.
Zhou Yu Biography of the Three Kingdoms: "Quan Sui sent Yu and others to join forces against Tsao Gong and meet at Chibi. At that time, Cao was ill. On the first day of the war, the public army retreated and led it to the north of the river and to the south bank. " [3] This paper only shows that Zhou Yu's water army is on the south bank of the river; There is no explanation that Chibi is on the "south bank" of the "river"; It only shows that Cao Cao's water army "led to the north of the Yangtze River", but not at the end "led to the Wulin in the north of the Yangtze River". Because the RoyceWong hero mentioned earlier "Zhou Yu went to Zhenjiang in summer, and Cao Cao wanted to cross the south of the Yangtze River from Chibi". It can be seen that Chibi is located in the north of "Jiang". Because the aforementioned Battle of Red Cliffs happened on the Han River, which was also called "Jiang" in ancient times, and "Jiang" refers to the Han River. Because there are two in the lower reaches of the ancient Hanshui River, the cavalry of the Cao Army Department is stationed in Wulin, Hanchuan, Dachi and other places, all north of the northern branch of the ancient Hanshui River. Cao Cao's water army must cooperate with its cavalry and can only be stationed in the lake downstream of the northern branch of the ancient Han River. So this "river" actually refers to the northern branch of the ancient Hanshui River, and Chibi is located in the north of the "river", that is, the north branch of Hanshui River, which coincides with Hanchuan Chibi. (1) Puyin Chibi and Honghu Wulin
Chibi Mountain in Puyin County, Hubei Province, is the Chibi Mountain on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Puyin County, and is opposite to Wulinji in honghu city. Pu Xian Chibi said that several Wan Shuijun in Cao Jun descended from Jiangling, Hubei Province along the Yangtze River, and hundreds of thousands of cavalry marched along the river, passing through Jiangling and Jianli to Honghu Wulin. On the Puyin Yangtze River in Chibi, Zhou Yu's water army defeated Cao Shuijun in the first battle, and Cao Shuijun retreated to Honghu Wulin in Jiangbei. Then Zhou Yu and Huang Gai set fire to Cao Jun's boat and the camp on the shore. Finally, Cao Cao's burnt-out ship retreated from Honghu Wulin to Jiangling via Hualin Huarong Road. In this way, Pu Xian Chibi and Honghu Wulin are described as a battlefield. One of the doubts about Pu Yin's theory of Chibi: the geographical conditions around Honghu Lake and Jianli in ancient times. In the Song Dynasty, when Lu You took office in Kuizhou, Sichuan Province for six years (1 170), he took a boat from Dunkou, Hanyang to Shishou County. When Lu You passed through this place, he wrote the following record: "On September 1, the chaos began, and the river was small and medium." Both sides of the strait are looking forward to it, which is called a hundred miles shortage. There is no way to pull, and the boatman leads a hundred-foot boat. It's only forty-five miles to park in the reeds at night Usually sailing, there are more thefts than this; There were more than 20 on the 2 nd, all engaged in fishing; On the fourth day, the boat people said, since then, evil has been deeply hindered, and tigers and wolves have appeared. If you don't know when you walk, you will get hurt. On the morning of the 8 th, Jianning Town, the second town of Jiangling. After seven days of chaos, the river naturally flooded into Shishou County. "[1 1] The journey of Lu You will pass through Hanyang, Mianyang, Honghu, Jianli and Jiangling in Hubei Province and reach Shishou. According to Lu You's records, Honghu Lake and Jianli were lakes and swamps in the Song Dynasty. Battle of Red Cliffs passed here in 962 before Lu You, and it was even more desolate at that time, so it was impossible for Cao Caobu cavalry to go back and forth here. At that time, there was no levee on the Yangtze River, so it was impossible for the cavalry of the Cao Army to reach Huarong Road in Jianli from Honghu Wulin. Secondly, Chibi and Wulin are two independent battlefields. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao said in a letter to Sun Quan: "Battle of Red Cliffs deserves to be ill and burn the boat alone, which made Zhou famous." [5] This shows that Zhou Yu participated in the Chibi battlefield. After Battle of Red Cliffs, when Lu Su asked Guan Yu for the counties in the south of Jingzhou, Guan Yu said to Lu Su, "In the battle of Wulin, General Zuo (Liu Bei) was in the first line, and he did his best to defeat Wei. It's in vain. There is no land, but he wants to take it back. [3] This shows that Liu Bei participated in the battlefield of Wulin. Third, Cao Jun retreated to "Jiangbei" instead of "Wulin". Fourthly, Honghu Wulin Chicken is the rock head of Huang Peng, which is a narrow area. There is no room for hundreds of Cao Jun cavalry here. The above reasons alone are enough to show that Pu Xian Chibi and Honghu Wulin are not ancient battlefields of Chibi.
(2) Wuchang Chibi and Jiayu Chibi
Wuchang Chibi is located in Chiji Mountain on the south bank of the West Yangtze River in Wuchang County, Hubei Province, and Shamao Mountain in Hanyang County is on the other side of Jiangbei. Wuchang Chibi said that Wulin is Honghu Wulin, and Wuchang Chibi is 64 kilometers away from Honghu Wulin. This militarily does not conform to Cao Cao's principle of "concentrating forces and acting quickly"; Secondly, from Honghu Wulin to Hanyang Shamao Mountain, it will pass through Honghu, Mianyang and Hanyang counties. At that time, it was a land of lakes and swamps, which was not conducive to garrison and retreat; Thirdly, there are sufficient reasons to show that Honghu Wulin is not the Wulin in Battle of Red Cliffs, and Wuchang Chibi is based on Honghu Wulin, so Wuchang Chibi is obviously not the ancient battlefield of Chibi. About Jiayu Chibi, it is because the administrative districts of Wuchang, Jiayu and Puyin in in Hubei have changed frequently in history. Sometimes Pu Xian Chibi is in Jiayu territory, then Pu Xian Chibi is called "Jiayu Chibi"; Sometimes Wuchang Chibi is in Jiayu territory and northeast of Jiayu, so it is considered that "Chibi is northeast of Jiayu". After liberation, Puyin Chibi was in Puyin County and Wuchang Chibi was in Wuchang County, so there is no Chibi in Jiayu County today.
(3) Hanyang Chibi and Huangzhou Chibi
Hanyang Chibi is located in Chengtou Mountain, 3 kilometers east of Caidian, Hanyang County. In ancient times, it was called Linzhang Mountain, and the south peak of Linzhang Mountain was called Wu Linfeng, also known as Chibi. Because the historical records of Chibi and Wulin are two different place names, not mountain peaks, Hanyang Chibi is obviously inconsistent with the historical records. As for Huangzhou Chibi, it was named after Su Shi wrote "Red Cliff Fu" in Huangzhou, which is called "Wen Chibi" in the world. Nature has nothing to do with Battle of Red Cliffs. In June of the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao became prime minister on his own. In July, Alvin Liu Biao. In August, Liu Biao died of illness and Liu Cong succeeded to the throne. Liu Congtun Xiangyang, Liu Beitun Fancheng. In September, Cao Cao marched into Xinye, and Liu Cong quickly surrendered to Cao Cao, who then occupied Xiangyang. After Liu Bei learned that Liu Cong had fallen to Cao Cao, he led the army to cross the Hanshui River from Fancheng and retreat to Jiangling via Xiangyang, and ordered Guan Yu's water army to meet them from Fancheng via Hanshui River.
Cao Cao was worried that Liu Bei would get military supplies from Jiangling, so he led 5,000 cavalry, traveled more than 300 miles day and night, caught up with and defeated Liu Bei in Changban and Dangyang, and occupied Jiangling. At this time, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to Jingzhou to observe the situation. On the way, Lu Su learned that Liu Cong had surrendered to Cao, and rushed to Changban in Dangyang to meet Liu Bei, who fled, and persuaded him to unite with Sun Quan to fight Cao, with Liu Bei's consent. Liu Bei retreated to Hanshui, just met Guan Yu's water army, crossed Hanshui, and met more than 10 thousand people led by Liu Qi who came to meet the enemy. They went to Xiakou (Wuhan) together. Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Chaisang (Jiujiang) to discuss with Sun Quan about joint resistance to Cao Cao. Then Liu Bei led Guan Yu's water army to Fankou (Ezhou).
Sun Quan summoned his men in Chai Sang to study the countermeasures against Cao Cao. Lu Su and Zhou Yu argued against Cao. So Sun Quan appointed Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu as the left and right governors, and Lu Su as a captain of Zanjun. Zhou Yu led 30,000 water troops, and Liu Bei led Guan Yu's 10,000 water troops, marching westward along the Yangtze River to Xiakou.
In order to unify the world, Cao Cao had to capture Xiakou and attack Liu Bei and Sun Quan along the river. Cao Cao's water army went down the Hanshui River and entered the lake in Chibi, Hanchuan. Cao Cao's cavalry must cooperate with its water army, pass through Xiangfan, Yicheng, Zhongxiang, Jingshan Cao Wu Street, Tianmen Zaoshi Town, Hubei Province, and reach Wulin and Dachi in Hanchuan.
Sun and Liu joined hands and marched westward along the Hanshui River from the gorge. Zhou Yu's water army defeated Cao Cao's water army in the lake around Chibi, Hanchuan. When Cao Cao retreated to Hanchuan Wulin, he was hit hard by Liu Beijun. As a result of being attacked twice by the combined forces of Sun and Liu, they suffered from severe hunger and disease, and a large number of soldiers died and their fighting capacity was weakened. Cao Jun couldn't hit Hanchuan, but Cao Cao retreated from Wulin and Hanchuan to fight in Hanchuan. Then Cao Jun retreated from Hanchuan Dachi to the northwest, passed Yingcheng, Jingshan and Zhongxiang in Hubei, and arrived in Yicheng, Chu Imperial City (Jiangling and Nanjunzhi in Han Dynasty). "The ancestors kept pace with Wu Jun, catching up with Nanjun". [3] Liu Bei led the army to catch up with Nanjun by land, and Zhou Yu led the water army to catch up with Nanjun from Hanshui. Cao Cao stayed in Coss, guarded Jiangling, sent music to Xiangyang, and returned from the north. Is Hanchuan really the ancient battlefield of Chibi?
A few years ago, I was surprised to see the article "The Ancient Battlefield in Chibi, Hanchuan, Hubei Province", written by two Hanchuan people-Feng Hanjiang, a professor at the Art College of Huzhou Normal University, and Chen Zhonglin, an associate professor at the Textile Department of Jingzhou Textile Workers' College. Through theoretical research, on-the-spot investigation and war situation analysis, this paper holds that Battle of Red Cliffs happened not in the Yangtze River, but in Hanshui River. The ancient battlefield of Chibi should be located in Chibi (now Chibi Street in Hanchuan City) and Wulin (now Dongchuan Town) in Hanchuan City, Hubei Province.
The Three Kingdoms and Battle of Red Cliffs are important historical events, which are recorded in detail in official history and local chronicles. Unlike historical events such as Yongzheng's dismissal from office and Xiao Zhuang's remarriage, there seems to be something hidden, so opinions vary. In recent years, driven by local interests and people's thirst for historical knowledge, there have been disputes between Hubei and Hunan about the location of Li Zicheng's death, disputes between Shandong and Hubei about the location of Zhuge Liang's "farming", and even the farce of "Liu Chou Tofu" in Sichuan.
What happened to Hanchuan Chibi?
According to Ming Jiajing's "Hanyang Fuzhi", "Since Jianghan, there are five people who say Chibi." According to Chen Wanjun's Three Hundred Tang Poems and Li Shangyin's Red Cliff, "There are Hanchuan, Hanyang, Jiangxia (Wuchang), Jiayu (after liberation, it was placed in Puyin, which is now chibi city) and Huangzhou."
Hanchuan Chibi is one of the five great Chibi in ancient Jingchu, located in Zhongzhou levee in Hanchuan. Because the soil here is red for dozens of miles, the sun is shining, Chibi Street is red, and the whole city is rosy, so it is called Chibi. According to Li Jifu's Records of Yuanhe County in the Tang Dynasty, "Chachuan (known as Hanchuan Chachuan in the Tang Dynasty) has Chibi Mountain, also known as Chibi Mountain, which is 80 miles west of the county seat and named after its homophonic red nose." When Zhang Qingbiao, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, crossed Chibi Street, he wrote a poem: "There are several parking lots in the north of the street, and countless crows hang down. Only the sunset can't disappear and bloom with autumn water. Shake the new river to the tide, and the west wind blows the mountain pepper Who can ask about Sun Cao and listen to the fishing songs carefully? The "who should ask about Sun Cao" mentioned here does not actually refer to the Red Cliff of the Three Kingdoms, but is similar to Su Shi's "West of the old base area, humanity is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms", which is just an excuse. A Qing Shen Zhuping's Zhuzhi Ci: "The Hengjiang River in Chibi is at war with Xiong Lei, and the remains of Hannan are similar. The word "Tong" in the sentence "Hanan's remains are the same" in the story "Tomorrow's dust comes out and the morning glow is red" can clearly express this meaning.
As for the discovery of sails, masts and weapons scattered during the Three Kingdoms period in Chibi, Hanchuan, it should not be surprising. Hanchuan is adjacent to the ancient Jingzhou and the Yangtze River, and it is also common for the warring troops to leave traces in the past. Isn't Makou Town in Hanchuan named after Guan Yu who passed by and made a horse? However, the opinions of the ancients are more objective. During the Jiajing period, the official records of Hanyang said, "Li Daoyuan and Zhu Yun (Hanshui) crossed the north of Chibi on the left, so the Wulin in Chibi were separated by 200 miles, not one place. The ship went down Jiangling, Zhou Yu went up from Jiangzhou, and the two armies met at Chibi, then Chibi was facing the river, and Hanchuan was remote and not a place for military strategists. "
Recently, after reading Hanchuan County Records, I feel more and more that "Chibi ancient battlefield is in Hanchuan" is untenable. On page 693 of its chronicle, "County Records" said: "Chibi Street is one of the five Chibi in Jingchu, 120 miles northwest of the county. The old puppet is the battlefield of Cao Sun, and it is as powerful as a rock, so it is in my ear. " It can be seen that the saying that "the ancient battlefield of Chibi is in Hanchuan" is only the wishful thinking of hometown people and is difficult to establish.
As an after-dinner conversation, this far-fetched remark will make people laugh, but it will make people laugh and be handed down generously.