In school, physical activity is an important means to exercise students' health and promote their healthy development. However, due to its special physical activity, under the influence of some reasons, it often leads to different degrees of physical injury. On the contrary, it has an impact on students' study and life, and even has a certain negative psychological impact. In order to better avoid and reduce the occurrence of injury accidents, here,
Keywords: prevention of sports injuries
At school, students are enthusiastic about physical education class and sports activities. They are eager to show their instincts, personal charm and dare to accept challenges in sports. But in many cases, due to various reasons, they all suffered certain physical injuries. According to different classification, the common ones are: (1) according to the types of injured tissues, such as muscle and tendon injury, joint capsule injury and ligament injury, fracture and joint. (2) According to the severity of the injury, those who have not lost their ability to work after the injury are minor injuries; Those who have lost their ability to work for more than 24 hours after injury and need outpatient treatment are moderately injured; Those who need hospitalization after injury are seriously injured. (3) According to whether the wound is connected with the outside world, the skin and mucosa of the injured part are damaged, the window is connected with the outside world, and there is tissue fluid oozing or blood flowing out of the self-made mouth, which is called open injury, such as abrasion and stab wound. The skin or mucosa of the wound is intact, and there is no wound communicating with the outside world. After injury, bleeding accumulates in the tissue, which is called closed injury, such as sprained joint ligament and muscle strain. There are many reasons for sports injuries, which can be summarized as follows:
1 Not paying enough attention to the occurrence of sports injuries in sports, which is often related to the lack of understanding or carelessness of sports teachers and physical exercisers on the significance of preventing sports injuries. They may not pay attention to safety education at ordinary times, and have not actively taken various effective preventive measures in physical education class, sports training and competitions. After sports injuries occur, the reasons are not carefully analyzed and lessons are learned, so that injury accidents continue to occur.
The teacher's guidance method is wrong. Teachers play a leading role in teaching activities. They teach and educate people. However, due to some negligence, sports injuries often occur:
2. 1 Unreasonable warm-up activities Everything has certain rules. When the arrangement of warm-up activities is unreasonable, the exertion is too strong and too fast, which violates the principle of gradual progress and is easy to cause muscle strain and joint sprain. For example, in the basketball game, the warm-up activities were not enough, and the warm-up activities failed to play a warm-up role, which led to some students' sprains and strains shortly after the game started.
2.2 Technical errors Technical errors can easily cause harm to learners. For example, when doing forward roll, neck sprain is caused by incorrect head, and when passing basketball and volleyball, finger sprain and contusion are caused by incorrect hand shape; When throwing grenades, the wrong posture is easy to cause muscle strain;
2.3 Improper organization methods In teaching and training, due to too many students and the lack of correct demonstration and patient and meticulous teaching by teachers, some students are often injured in sports. For example, once in physical education class, the teacher organized a head-on relay race, and the students were very enthusiastic and eager to participate. However, the distance between groups is too close and the ground is rough. When students take part in the relay race, they inevitably collide. After falling to the ground, the knee joint position and arm skin are greatly damaged.
3 Defect of venue equipment The defect of sports venue is a major factor leading to sports injuries. Generally speaking, the running ground requires leveling, the jumping ground requires a certain buffering capacity in the landing area, and the throwing ground generally needs a protective net. However, at this stage, many schools' sports grounds are not up to standard, especially some schools in remote mountainous areas. Students often exercise in unqualified venues. The effect of strengthening the body didn't work, but it did harm to the body anyway, such as spraining your ankle because of uneven runway, violently colliding with the ground because of insufficient sand in the bunker in long jump, and hurting onlookers when throwing discus or javelin.
4 inductive reasons: each movement has its own technical characteristics, which makes the burden borne by all parts of the body not
At the same time, if the training method is improper, it is easy to cause damage to the parts with heavy burden. For example, the technical characteristics of basketball are sliding defense and attack, stopping layup, and the knee joint is often in a semi-squat position to exert force or twist, which is easy to cause patella strain.
Taking part in physical exercise is to strengthen physical fitness, improve physical and mental health and promote people's all-round development. However, if you don't take active preventive measures in physical exercise, all kinds of harmful accidents may occur, which may affect your study and work, and may cause disability or even endanger your life, bring people undue losses, seriously hinder the improvement of sports skills and cause adverse psychological effects. Therefore, actively preventing sports injuries is of great significance to physical education teaching, sports training and mass sports. To prevent sports injuries, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) Strengthening ideological education is the key. With the awareness of protection and self-protection, we can start with the most basic problems and prevent sports injuries from a broader perspective; (2) Reasonable arrangement of teaching, training and competition Teachers should carefully study the teaching materials according to students' age, gender, health status and sports technical level, predict which movements are difficult to master and which technical movements are easy to be injured, so as to be aware of them and take corresponding preventive measures in advance; (3) The amount of warm-up activities should be determined according to the characteristics of students, teaching, training or competition. Generally speaking, when the excitement is low, the duration of exercise is short or the weather is cold, the intensity of warm-up activities can be slightly larger and the time can be slightly longer. On the contrary, when the exercise lasts for a long time or the weather is hot, the intensity of warm-up activities should be shorter. The amount of warm-up activity should be that the body feels hot and perspires slightly. The time between the end of warm-up activities and formal exercise should not be too long, and it is appropriate to 1 to 4 minutes. (4) Strengthen the training of vulnerable parts. For example, in order to prevent patella strain, the method of | "standing pile" can be adopted. (5) Strengthen health care guidance, do a good job in the management and safety inspection of sports venues and equipment, and repair damaged venues and equipment in time. It is forbidden to wear inappropriate clothes and shoes to participate in sports. Strengthen the publicity and education of sports health knowledge, enhance self-health awareness and improve the consciousness of observing sports health requirements.
Reference: Research on Students' Physical Health by China People's Publishing House.
School Hygiene Southwest Normal University Press
Sports Health Science Higher Education Press