The general name of protective equipment for all parts of the head and trunk in the era of cold weapons. It has many names, but it is basically divided into two parts: helmet to protect the head and armor to protect the body. A can be divided into clothes, skirts, sleeves and accessories. In the early days, people used wicker with animal skin, cloth with filling materials, wood and so on. Fix them on the trunk to protect them from weapons. With the development of production technology, leather armor, knee armor and bronze armor gradually appeared.
Cast armor (bronze). Plate armor made of a whole piece of metal, chain mail woven with metal and so on. Earlier bronze armor appeared in Asia. Around 2600 BC, bronze armor appeared in the two river basins, China in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties and India in the Vedic era. Assyrians in the Middle East were the first to use armor in large quantities. In the process of popularization of armor, there are also supporting armor to protect specific parts, such as neck armor, face armor, wrist armor, breastplate, gloves and so on. Armor in some feudal Asian countries and medieval Europe was highly valued.
Extremely exquisite and expensive, armor made of gold, silver and rare leather appeared. With the extensive use of modern firearms, the protective effect of ancient armor stubble on the battlefield gradually decreased, and finally bulletproof vests were made by modern technology.
Helmet, etc.
[mirror armor]
Protective armor to protect a breach. Shaped like a shirt, the secret is to sew some belts or thin metal sheets on the leather coat. Sometimes the armor is covered with velvet and decorated with pressed patterns and carved patterns. Chain mail and fish scales appeared in the first century, and were gradually replaced by chain mail and Lepidoptera from13rd century. In Russia, armor is a robe closely connected by small rings, usually small iron rings.
[chain mail]
Ancient protective equipment to protect the body. Generally, iron is forged into small pieces, and then the small pieces of iron are connected by chains. They are interlocked to form a garment, which is soft and light to wear. Prevalent in the Tang Dynasty in China.
[Blade nail]
A protective device against cold weapons and firearms. At first, use a strong linen or leather coat. With the development of metal, copper sheet, back copper sheet, iron sheet and steel sheet are installed. In ancient times, various ethnic groups in the East had blade armour, which was made of gold and metal, and was later widely used by the Romans. Leaf beetles are divided into leaf beetles and scale insects. After the widespread use of firearms
(14th century) Blade armor became a thick metal partial armor to protect the trunk and limbs respectively.
[Sun visor]
The front of the helmet is used to prevent cold weapons from attacking the soldier's face. Face armor was used in ancient and medieval times. The visor is closely connected with the helmet, and some of them are movable. Made of iron or steel, in the form of whole tiles or scales. The visor of the French cylindrical helmet is an extension of the front wall of the helmet. It has two eyelets and 1-2 nostrils. The ancient Russian helmet actually had no visor, only a narrow arrow-shaped metal piece hanging in the center of the face. Ancient Russian soldiers also wore spherical helmets; Sometimes this helmet is equipped with chain mail shoulder pads, which can cover the back of the head, neck, shoulders and face when put down.
[neck nail]
Accessories for protective gear. It was used in ancient and medieval times to protect rabbits with swollen bones in soldiers' heads, necks, shoulders and the back of shoulders from cold weapons. In the collar armor, the neck armor is locked and round, and the side of the military helmet hangs over the shoulders. In the blade armor, the neck armor is composed of a whole iron plate or several metal plates connected by a ring rope. In the medieval seamless knight armor, the neck armor is the main component of protective equipment. The neck armor connects the blade armor, shoulder strap and helmet, and is made according to the body shape and warrior figure. Divided into two parts, the left side is connected by a movable hinge, and the stone surface is connected by a hidden racket.
[breastplate]
Shanghai furniture used to protect soldiers' chests and backs from cold weapons and firearms. It consists of two solid curved plates-chest plate and back plate. Ancient breastplates were made of dense felt covered with leather. Later, the iron breastplate appeared. The first half and the second half were connected with a ring racket and a hinge or an iron belt, and the lower half was fastened with a belt. The chest is decorated with embossed patterns or inlaid ornaments, gold-plated or electroplated. It weighs 6- 10 kg and is 1-3.5 mm thick. In the Russian army, the breastplate was equipped with heavy cavalry at 173 1 and was stopped in a short time (180a! After 8 12), it was used as a protective gear until the 65438+ 1960 s, and then it was only used as a dress in the regiments of the First Guards Division. The breastplates of soldiers, officers and other personnel of the Guards Cavalry Corps are different in structure and the number of ornaments. The guard's breastplate has a smooth surface and is decorated with bronze. Russian armored cavalry only apply for armored in the array. Due to the continuous improvement of firearms, breastplates became the ceremonial equipment of the Guards (to 19 17).
[Armored gloves]
Hand protectors in ancient armor. In ancient times, the mirror armor had no gloves, and then the back of the hand was protected by leather and felt. Exquisite metal chain mail and forged armor appeared, and a knife blade jumped out from the lower end of the armguard to protect the back of the hand. Europe became chain mail mittens at the beginning of13rd century, and then armor gloves with five fingers separated were made.
[China Real Armor]
Armor appeared in China around the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Armor, also known as armor, "Release the Soldiers by Explaining the Name": "Armor is still armor." Armor, if strong, is Wei's armor. "Each generation of real armor is often made of different materials and different shapes. In the Han dynasty, armour was called xuanjia, which was different from golden armour and bronze armour. In the Han dynasty, the army generally avoided armored equipment when applying. Fish scales in the tomb of Liu Sheng, King Jing of Shenshan Mountain in Mancheng, Hebei Province. It weighs about 16 people, 5 kg, and * * * is decorated with 2859 pieces of armor. According to the determination, the iron plate was forged into a plate by ironmaking, and then annealed and decarburized, which had toughness. The wearer's torso and debris are surrounded by armor, which is bell-shaped like a half-sleeved shirt. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Xian's cheese-beating line was called carving light armor as a mirror. The shape of armor is similar to that of clothing, and it is named beautiful. It consists of breastplate and carapace. There are large mirror-like metal rings on the chest and back of the bright armor. There were various types of armor in the Tang Dynasty. According to the Six Classics of Tang Dynasty, there are thirteen kinds of armor: bright armor, scale armor, mountain armor, black hammer armor, white cloth armor, soap silk armor, cloth back armor, infantry armor, leather armor, wooden armor, chain armor and vest, which are mainly used by foot cavalry. After the Song Dynasty, although firearms appeared, armor was still an important protective equipment. In the Song Dynasty, several kinds of mirror armor appeared, such as steel chain mail, black lacquer Linshui Mountain Spring Armor, Bright Fine Mesh Armor, Mingju Armor and Buren Armor. Song Dynasty History Saw: A set of mirror armor in Song Dynasty weighs 45 kg to 50 kg and has 25 nail blades. Manufacturing time 120 working days, and the cost is three and a half. In the Ming Dynasty, the compliance of mirror armor was reduced to 40 kg to 25 kg, mostly iron valve armor and chain mail. The armor equipped in the early Qing Dynasty inherited the craft tradition of the Ming Dynasty. It also absorbed the advantages of nail making technology of various nationalities, and the armor protection ability and external decoration were improved. Therefore, the Fu Museum preserved the royal armor of the Qing emperor, including bronze helmets and protective equipment. It consists of eight parts: bra, shirt, breast protector, bronze mirror, skirt and boots. The armor is lined with steel sheets, and the Ming-ha sheet, the border and the robe edge are closely decorated with copper stars. It is an ordinary warrior armor and is made into waistcoats and horseshoe sleeves. This shirt is embroidered with steel stars. At the end of Qing Dynasty, we trained new troops, changed western military uniforms and abolished real armor.
[cotton beetle]
Nails made of textiles. Mainly used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and ancient Persia. Made of cotton, linen, woven and other materials, it consists of nail body, nail sleeve, nail skirt, forearm, calf sheath and other accessories. The nail surface may be stained with color, and there are large copper-iron foam nails. Cotton armor is light and soft, and the clothes are wide. It can move more freely in battle than armored armor, and it can also resist the shooting of primary firearms when it is wet. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing Dynasty trained a "new army" and used new guns. Cotton nail is no longer used with other nails.
[easy]
China helmet. Zhou, after the Warring States period, was called helmet after the Song Dynasty. The earliest legend of China was created by Zao You. People make helmets out of horns and rattan skins. At present, the earliest bronze week unearthed is the Shang Dynasty bronze week, all of which are made of bronze and decorated with animal patterns. Bronze helmet, also known as helmet, was used in ancient times to prevent the head from being protected. It is shaped like a hat, which can protect the top of the head, face and neck at the same time. It was popular in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The bronze Zhou Dynasty was also cast as a whole model, with the left and two sides extending downward to form ear protectors, and some peripheral broadband protruded a round foam nail of lamb chops. The unearthed Zhou Zhou is simple in shape. During the Warring States period, there appeared a pocket mirror with iron mouth, which was made of layers of armor plates. From then on to the Song Dynasty, helmets were generally cast with a whole model, or a piece of armor, or a combination of the two. "In the Ming Dynasty, the helmet was generally inherited from the Song Dynasty and improved. In the Ming dynasty, the imperial army used helmets with locks. The iron bowl is like a hat, and the lower edge is equipped with a lock net. The helmet is eight inches high and the mesh is about a foot long. The mesh ring is very thin. Soldiers' iron helmets are simple in shape, with few decorations, high iron bowls and wide shoulders. The whole helmet is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and looks like a minaret. Iron helmets used by officers are engraved with dragon and tiger patterns, and some are inlaid with gold and silver. There are rewards on the helmets and tassels can be inserted. After firearms are widely used, the shape of iron helmets tends to be light. After the mid-Qing dynasty, armor became an ornament for etiquette and proofreading, and was rarely used in actual combat. In the late Qing Dynasty, western helmets were introduced into China and became the general protective equipment for infantry. A pimp made it. Armor is painted, and the leather is mainly rhinoceros skin, charm skin, turtle skin and buffalo hide. Almost every soldier is equipped with armor, and some horses also have armor. At the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, after the appearance of iron weapons, leather armor could not resist the attack of sharp weapons and gradually gave way to iron armor, but for thousands of years, leather armor was still used as personal protective gear.
praseodymium (Pr)
China ancient leather breastplate. "Guan Zi Xiao Kuang": "Misdemeanor Blue Shield, Shi Ge, Jill." Yin Note: Lan, the so-called, is also a soldier. Pick up the skin, double skin, be careful, you can resist the arrow. "
[china leather A]
Armor is the protective equipment for men and women in ancient battles. China Legend Museum specially invented armor, and the standing army was equipped with armor in the Xia Dynasty. Early nails were made of rattan, sawdust, leather and other raw materials, mainly leather. In Shang dynasty, the trunk of donkey was generally protected by whole skin, and its limbs were not armored. Because the whole skin is not easy to hit, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, there appeared an armor composed of small pieces of skin. In the Zhou Dynasty, the whole armor was composed of bulletproof vests, armor blocks and armor sleeves, and each part was connected by small pieces of leather with ribbons.