Lu Su took refuge in Sun Quan in Jian 'an for five years, and put forward a relatively complete political road in his "secret discussion" with Sun Quan.

Later, he made outstanding contributions to a series of events, such as mourning Liu, persuading Cao Cao to resist, borrowing land to prepare for war, and maintaining the alliance between Sun and Liu. But sun quan failed to give it

To give a comprehensive and fair evaluation, historian Chen Shou also echoed, causing undue damage to Lu Su's image. It should have been swept away by Lu.

The historical dust on Su shows the true colors of outstanding historical figures in his works.

Keywords: Three Kingdoms; Lu Su; Advantages; evaluate

After Lu Meng died, Lu Xun led the troops on behalf of Lu Meng. About Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Meng, Sun Quan and Lu Xun said, "... Gong Jin used to let his son come to the East to be lonely.

In banquet language, it is almost the emperor's business, which is also fast. After Meng De gained the momentum of Liu Cong, Zhang Yanfang led hundreds of thousands of people to step down. Solitary general, please general,

When you ask what you want, you don't know what to do first From the cloth to the dining table, you should send a special envoy to meet it. Amethyst can't refute it. He suggested that lonely people call Gong Jin and pay the fee.

Knock it, it will be quick. And its strategy, Zhang Suyuan; Although I was advised to borrow Liu Bei's land, this is one of the shortcomings, which is not enough to damage the other side's strength. Zhougongbu

Seek to prepare one person, so forget its short and expensive, often taking Deng Yu as an example. Another child is very clever ... it is better to take Guan Yu than amethyst. Amethyst answer "orphan book" cloud:

There has been banishment since the emperor, and feathers are not enough to avoid it. This son can't do it inside, but he is a big talk outside, so he can be forgiven for being withdrawn and conscientious. However, this is a military camp, isn't it?

The law is also beautiful, because it is forbidden to violate the order, there is no waste in the Ministry and no gleaning in the road. "[1] (Volume 54, Biography of Monroe). Sun Quan said above that he was covering for Lu Su.

Final verdict. Chen Shou, the author of the History of the Three Kingdoms, agrees with this statement and thinks that "Sun Quan's theory has both advantages and disadvantages". [1] (Review of Mitchell, Volume 54) On Lu Su

Is the evaluation appropriate? We think it is necessary to discuss in order to make an objective and fair evaluation of this outstanding historical figure.

one

Lu Su (A.D. 172-2 17), a native of Dongcheng (now Dingyuan County, Anhui Province), was born in a landlord family and lost his father since childhood.

Grandma and mom live at home. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was great chaos in the world. Lu Su, a young man, "ignored family affairs, scattered wealth and goods, sold land by ticket, and served the poor and made friends."

Won the favor of villages and towns. "[1] (Volume 54: Biography of Lu Su) In the third year of Jian 'an (A.D. 198), Zhou Yu was the director of Juchao (now Chaoxian County, Anhui Province), [1] (Volume 54: Zhou Yu)

"Biography") led hundreds of people to visit Lu Su in Dongcheng, begging. Lu Su immediately pointed to one of the two remaining ones at home, each with 3,000 meters of welcome.

Give it away. This generous move surprised Zhou Yu, who was getting better at dealing with people, and made friends with him. Since then, Lu Su has passed.

Zhou Yu's intimate relationship quickly stepped onto the stage of political struggle in the late Han Dynasty, showing his outstanding political and military talents.

In the fifth year of Jian 'an, Sun Ce died and his younger brother Sun Quan came to power. Zhou Yu went to Cebu to go to Wu, and Lu Su also went to Wu. Yu told Su that Sun Quan could help and suggested that he stay.

In order to climb the dragon and attach the phoenix to serve Sun Quan, Lu Su agreed. Zhou Yu also strongly recommended Lu Su to Sun Quan, saying that if he wants to succeed, he should learn from others.

Can't be ordered to go. "Zhou Yu persuaded the recommendation to succeed, and Lu Su officially took refuge in Sun Quan, and was cited as a" guest "[1] (Volume 47" Sun Quan Chuan "), so Fang

There is a "secret discussion" of "Talking about the Emperor's Affairs", "The History of the Three Kingdoms" Volume 54 and "Lu Su Biography" contain:

Yes, it depends on the mood. The language is very pleasing. When all the guests went out, Sue resigned, but they brought Sue back alone and shared drinks on the sofa. Because of the secret discussion, he said, "The Han family is dead.

Danger, the quartet disturbing the clouds, alone in the father's work, thinking about Huan Wen's merits. Since you patronize, how can I help? Sue said to him, "In the past, Emperor Gao only wanted to respect things.

Those who are righteous and not allowed will harm Xiang Yu. Today's Cao Cao, like Xiang Yu, how can the general be Huan Wen? It is necessary for Han family to eliminate stolen materials.

Cao Fuxing, don't get killed. For the sake of the general, only Ding (the author pressed the word "conservative" in Zi Tongzhi Jian). ) Jiangdong, come and see.

Trouble in the world. On this scale, there is no doubt. who is it? There are many things in the north. Because of many tasks, Huang Zu was destroyed, Liu Biao was attacked, and the Yangtze River was accidentally discovered.

In extreme terms, there is, and then the emperor built it to take advantage of the world, which is also a matter of high rank. Quan said, "Now try your best to help Han Er.

Out of reach. "

To sum up, the countermeasures to attract Lu Su are as follows: First, the Han Dynasty could not be revived; Second, Cao can't kill; Third, we must ensure the foundation of Jiangdong.

On the view of things, while there are many things in the north, we should first remove Huang Zu, attack Liu Biao and seize Jingzhou, and then the Yangtze River will flourish, according to which (this is naturally counted)

Including the capture of Yizhou in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River); Fourth, after consolidating the separatist regime in the south of the Yangtze River, the emperor was built again to take over the world.

Become a great cause of reunification.

Lu Su's countermeasures naturally hit Sun Quan's heart. Because of this, Lu Su was vilified in Zhang, saying that he was "frivolous and useless".

Under the circumstances at that time, "the right is not in mind, but in benefit, giving the mother a care account, living in sundries and enriching in old age." However, Lu Su's countermeasure was not just to appeal to the Lord.

Son, please; He did have his own unique political views, which were highlighted in his attitude towards the Han Dynasty. Lu Su's Han Family

The political view of "revival" is not only higher than Sun Quan's, but also better than Zhuge Liang's famous "Longzhong Dui" seven years later.

Location. (1) Judging from Sun Quan's thoughts reflected in Secret Talks, he just wanted to save Jiangdong and try his best to help the Han Dynasty because he was young.

Room, still lack the enterprising spirit of unifying the whole country. But Lu Su's words undoubtedly inspired him. Zhuge Liang is in Longzhong

Yes, it is clearly written that if it is as he imagined, "it can achieve hegemony and prosper the Han Dynasty." [1] (Volume 35 Biography of Zhuge Liang) Here, the Han Dynasty can be restored.

Xing's thinking is very clear. If we say that in the twelfth year of Jian 'an, the banner calling for "revival of the Han Dynasty" is only for the need of struggle strategy.

If it is not intentional; So, in the five years of Jianxing in Liu Chan (AD 227), Zhuge Liang went to the Northern Expedition in the upper reaches of Hanzhong (the famous "extinction"

Why do you still want to say "Reviving the Han Dynasty and Returning to the Old Capital" in the model? Naturally, this cannot be explained only by strategic considerations. So, we

We can only think that "revitalizing the Han Dynasty" is Zhuge Liang's consistent thought and the goal he has been fighting for all his life. What he advocates is still the unity of the Liu family.

Next, let Liu Bei sit on the throne of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty.

As early as the fifth year of Jian 'an, Lu Su put forward the view that the Han Dynasty could not be revived. This is based on a correct assessment of the objective struggle situation at that time.

The political views in the world have been proved to be completely correct in the future historical development. Sun Quan never mentioned Lu Su's foresight in his comments.

And (2), we naturally can't agree that his evaluation of Lu Su is "acceptable".

two

In August of the 13th year of Jian 'an, Liu Biao died of illness. At that time, Cao Cao had unified the north, and it was very likely that he would take the opportunity to go south to take Jingzhou. Lu Su told Sun Quan at this time.

Put forward strategic suggestions. The reflection volume 54 "Lu Su biography" contains:

Husband Jingchu is adjacent, the water flows north, Jianghan is outside, and the mountains are inside. There are Gucheng Jincheng, Woye Wan Li, and the rich literati. According to them,

Yes, so is the capital of the emperor. The table is new today, and the two sons are not reconciled. The generals in the army are different. Add Liu Bei to the world, fuck you.

Gap, stay on the table, the table can be evil. If you are going to live in harmony with him, you should be calm and make a good alliance; If there is any deviation,

It is advisable not to learn from it to help great things. Su Qiu was ordered to hang his second son and comfort those who used it in the army, and said that he would be prepared to comfort the public and unite as one.

* * * To cure Cao Cao, you must be happy and do it. If there is harmony, the world can be settled. If you don't leave soon today, you may be the first to go.

In this proposal, Lu Su clearly pointed out the importance of Jingzhou in the strategic position, and analyzed several possibilities for the situation in Jingzhou to change after Liu Biao's new death.

And the countermeasures to be taken. But the core idea of the proposal is to participate in various diplomatic activities in the name of mourning, saying, "Be prepared to make people care about the table, and the same is true."

With one heart and one mind, * * * governs Cao Cao. " In order to get ahead of Cao Cao, Lu Su immediately went to Jingzhou and Xiakou (now Wuhan) with Sun Quan's consent.

I heard that Cao Cao had approached Jingzhou, so I went all night. When they arrived in Nanjun (now Jingzhou), they learned that Liu Cong had surrendered to Cao and Liu Bei was fleeing south. value

At the critical moment of this situation, Lu Su went north and went directly to Osaka to meet the mayor of Dangyang, Liu Bei. Chen said the situation and knew that it was of great importance, so he "advised the equipment and strength to work together", Liu Bei.

Naturally, I agreed happily. Then Lu Su took Liu Bei and others to Xiakou.

From this point of view, Lu Su was keenly aware that the situation in Jingzhou would inevitably change when Liu Biao died, so he put forward the idea of fighting for Jingzhou in time.

Suggestions from various forces on their own side. As the situation took a turn for the worse, Lu Su could not stop Liu Cong from surrendering, but after Mr.

Finally, he won Liu Bei in time and effectively, and finally achieved the main goal, so he strengthened himself strategically and won the initiative. granddaughter

The establishment of Liu Alliance actually laid the foundation for Battle of Red Cliffs's victory and had a great influence on the formation of the tripartite confrontation situation among the three countries.

As a great historical achievement of Lu Su. However, over the years, people have generally attributed the achievements of the Sun-Liu Alliance to Zhuge Liang. This is of course because

Zhuge Liang did put forward this strategic thought in "Longzhong Dui", and Lu Su was one year ahead of time. Nevertheless, we still believe that

This great historical achievement of Lu Su cannot be ignored.

Some people may ask, why didn't Lu Su put forward this idea before Zhuge Liang? As we all know, social consciousness is a reflection of social existence.

Any idea, strategy, principle, plan, etc. Only when the society has certain conditions can it be put forward. Lu Su was able to stay in Jian 'an.

This is the fundamental reason why he put forward a set of political ideas in his five-year "secret discussion" with Sun Quan, but he could not put forward the idea of uniting Liu against Cao at the same time.

The situation at that time was: Cao Cao was busy with the desperate struggle with Yuan Shao Group, and the north was undecided, so he had no time to take care of the south; Liu violated the Zhou Dynasty among the northern warlords.

Spin. Therefore, in Sun Quan's view, it was neither necessary nor possible to unite Liu against Cao at that time. After the battle of Guandu, Liu Bei turned to Jian 'an for six years.

Relying on Liu Biao and staying in Jingzhou, Liu Biao was suspicious and could not be reused. He could only seek limited development in the dark and did not form independent politics.

Military entities; Cao Cao is busy unifying the north and has not yet posed a real threat to Jingzhou. So it is impossible for Lu Su to put forward the Lord of Liu Lian at this time.

Zhang. When Cao Cao unified the north and Liu Biao died, the situation in Jingzhou immediately became tense and became the focus of attention of all factions. Cao Cao is positive.

Preparing to go south to Jingzhou, in an attempt to further destroy Jiangdong, is secretly colluding with Liu Cong. Liu Bei could have taken the opportunity to occupy Jingzhou, because of his own potential.

Weak strength; Second, because of the same ancestry with Liu Biao and his son, and Liu Biao's new death, he was afraid of losing his "loyalty"; Third, Liu Cong's surrender and the rapid advance of Cao Cao's army.

Su Nan lacked psychological preparation, so instead of occupying Jingzhou, he was forced to flee in panic. At this moment, Lu Su put forward the above suggestions to Sun Quanhe.

I personally put it into practice, and finally achieved the success of Lian Liu. This is a timely political move.

Although Zhuge Liang put forward in "Longzhong Dui" that "the history of three generations of Sun Quan is attached to the danger of the country and the people, and the sages use it, which can help but not help."

The idea of "making profits" also envisages that after gaining benefits, we should still adhere to the policy of "building good relations with Sun Quan". This certainly shows Zhuge Liang's understanding.

Reason and foresight. However, we have to point out that Zhuge Liang did not put the above ideas into action; Even in Cao Junda.

When Liu Bei defeated Osaka in the south, he failed to take the initiative to take a step in forming an alliance with Wu. It is precisely the initiative to take the decisive first step.

Lu Su, mastermind and active practitioner. Although Lu Su put forward this idea one year later than Zhuge Liang, he took the lead in putting it into practice.

One step. This step undoubtedly played a huge and far-reaching role in the historical development of the three countries. Imagine if Sun Wu

If you don't take the initiative to attack, take a wait-and-see attitude; So, under Cao Cao's divide-and-conquer policy, did the Beige Group escape the fate of extinction?

Lucky? Can Sun Quan Group hold Jiangdong? It's hard to predict.

When we ask questions and discuss problems in this way, we never belittle Zhuge Liang's meaning at all, but try our best to be objective.

It shows that Lu Su's historical achievements can not be ignored. Sun Quan is clearly the approbator of Lu Su's thoughts and practical actions, but he is evaluating Lu Su.

But it can't be considered as "allowed" if it fails to clearly point out the advantages ②.

three

Before the Chibi War, Cao Cao sent his troops south to defeat Liu Cong, Liu Bei and Jiangling. All the way like a broken bamboo, like a whale swallowing Liu Bei, sweeping Jiangdong.

Liu Bei, who was pursued by Cao Cao, gave up the plan of fleeing south, crossed the Hanshui River, joined forces with Liu Qi, retreated to Xiakou first, and then accepted Lu Su's suggestion and withdrew.

Fankou on the south bank of the Yangtze River (now north of Ezhou, Hubei). Sun Quan supported the army in Chaisang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) and watched the situation develop. Because of Cao Cao

Has "broken Jingzhou, sublime everywhere" [1] (Volume 35 Biography of Zhuge Liang), and will go down the river again. Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang feel that the situation is critical and can't take it any more.

Diplomatic action. So Liu Bei listened to Zhuge Liang's suggestion and sent Liang and Lu Su to Chaisang to visit Sun Quan and ask for help. Zhuge Liang and Sun Quan

During the talks, on the one hand, Sun Quan's anti-Cao enthusiasm was incited; On the one hand, carefully analyze the situation, state the reasons that will defeat Cao and encourage victory.

General Li's self-confidence prompted Sun Quan to overcome some hesitant ideas and strengthen his determination to resist Cao. Zhuge Liang's task this time is to unite and resist for Sun Liu.

The formal formation of the Cao Front played an important role, which should undoubtedly be affirmed. However, the Sun-Liu Alliance's resistance to Cao Cao is not without resistance, which is mainly

The main factions come from Sun Quan Group. At the military meeting presided over by Sun Quan, the hawk faction headed by Zhang Zhao threatened Cao Cao with war.

"It will be eclipsed by shock" [2]. Awed by Cao Cao's prestige, they wrongly analyzed the situation, overestimated Cao Cao's strength and underestimated themselves.

Strength, I can't believe that Cao Cao has won Jiangling, and there is no natural barrier to rely on, and being outnumbered is really defeated. Instead of Cao Cao's defeat, please surrender as soon as possible. one

In time, the opinions of the capitulators were rampant, and the number of people who advised Sun Quan to meet the surrender accounted for an overwhelming majority. At this critical moment, Lu Su stepped forward and pointed at Sun Quan.

Chen is interested, pushing public opinion and talking about the main battle. It is also suggested that Sun Quan quickly recover Zhou Yu who was sent to Poyang and entrust him with the task of unifying the army to meet Cao Cao. Lu su this

The proposal of a decision and Zhou Yu's resolute main battle finally overcame huge internal resistance, which made Sun Quan finally determined to resist Japan and chose.

Appointed a suitable commander-in-chief, thus ensuring the brilliant victory of Sun Liu's allied army Battle of Red Cliffs.

Battle of Red Cliffs and Lu Su, as commanders of Zan's army, assisted Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu in planning strategies, personally went to the front line and commanded the battle, which was also crucial to the victory of the war.

It is indispensable.

As soon as Battle of Red Cliffs was over, Lu Su was the first to come back from the front, and Sun Quan held a grand welcoming ceremony for him. The reflection, volume 54, Lu Su

Biography contains:

After Cao Gong's departure, Su Shi returned first, and Quan Da invited the generals to meet Su Shi. Su Jiang went to the entrance platform to bow down, and he was qualified to salute, because he said, "Amethyst, dismount with a saddle alone."

Greeting each other is enough to explain your absence? "Sue said," not yet. "When everyone heard about it, they all got a fright. After sitting down, Xu Ju whipped his whip and said, "May the supreme Wei Dejia!

Almost the whole world is a summary of Kyushu, and it has become the emperor's industry. More importantly, it is necessary to collect cars and soft wheels. "Clap your hands and laugh.

This anecdote, on the one hand, shows Sun Quan's great respect for Lu Su's political and military talents and achievements, and on the other hand, shows that he is sure to win.

The joy after profit, the surrender of the monitor is invisible; On the other hand, it fully embodies Lu Su's ideal and ambition of reunifying the whole country, which goes without saying.

But it is the logical development of his thoughts put forward in the five-year "secret discussion" of Jian' an.

As for Lu Su's role in Battle of Red Cliffs, we can see from Sun Quan's evaluation that he is willing to be one of Lu Su's strengths.

It's been fixed. Chen Shou also commented: "Cao Gong used the wealth of the Han Dynasty, with the help of the emperor, swept away Jie's clique and made a new wave in Jingcheng to fight against Eastern Xia. Those who discussed it at that time were undoubtedly. Zhou Yu,

Lu Su established a dogmatic mind, and he was a genius. [1] (Review of Mitchell, Volume 54) It is true that Zhou Yu is a strong advocate and a leader of an army.

Shuai has made great achievements in Battle of Red Cliffs, and he is a wizard. But it still seems inappropriate to equate it with Lu Su, because it fails to distinguish between primary and secondary.

It shows Lu Su's due position as a hawkish leader and decision-maker [3]. On this issue, Chen Shou's comments are not as appropriate as Sun Quan's. for

In the fifty-fourth volume of Biography of Zhou Yu, Pei Songzhi, who annotated the History of the Three Kingdoms, quoted Biography of Jiang Biao and wrote: "I thought the plan was rejected by Cao Gong and Lu Su just started. what

When Zhou Yu made Poyang, he urged the son of heaven to call Yu, and Yu made Poyang return, but he was the same, so he could become a great scholar. This story goes straight into the clouds, and the right is extended to see the group, seeking a plan.

It is almost a good thing to ignore the opinions of all and resist the plan without saying a word. It is almost a good thing to be busy without the cloud and Sue. "Lu Su is aggrieved, refuting the loss of Chen Shou's narrative history.

When, very decent.

four

After Battle of Red Cliffs, the eight counties under Jingzhou belonged to Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan respectively: Cao Cao owned Nanyang and Zhang Ling counties north of the Yangtze River; Liu Bei owns

Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling counties in Jiangnan; Sun Quan has Nanjun and Jiangxia counties in Jiangbei. These three groups are trying to consolidate what they have.

Site, and seek to expand outward, so Jingzhou will present a delicate situation. Cao Cao is concerned about the defeat of Chibi, the loss of Nanjun and the fat in his mouth.

People are never willing to take it away, and they want to make a comeback at any time. From Liu Bei's point of view, the separation from Jiangnan hindered his outward development. If you want to rely on "long"

In order to capture Jingzhou, occupy Yizhou and realize their political ambitions, it is imperative to achieve strategic importance.

Jiangling of the earth, as a springboard for progress. However, because Sun Quan Group, which occupies Nanjun (governing Jiangling), is its ally, in order to resist Cao, it is still necessary to settle it, no.

Take it by force (even if you resort to force, you can't win). So, in the fifteenth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei personally went to Jingkou (now Jiangsu).

Zhenjiang City) visited Sun Quan and requested to take Nanjun under his command. This is the historical background of the well-known story "Liu Bei borrows Jingzhou". exist

On the issue of "borrowing land", there are two completely different opinions within Sun Quan Group. One is against borrowing land, and the representative figures are biased and biased.

Zhou Yu, the satrap of Nanjun. He couldn't figure out how to give Liu Bei the Nanjun, which was taken from Cao Cao in a bloody battle, easily.

Emotionally unacceptable. Starting from the narrow group interests, he even suggested that Sun Quan "move to Wujian Palace and play with beautiful women to entertain his ears."

Eye ",separated from Liu Bei's tiger generals Guan Yu and Zhang Fei," made those like Yu have to fight and attack. " [1] (Volume 54 Biography of Zhou Yu) shows Zhou Yu and others.

Not only firmly opposed to lending land to Liu Bei, but also wanted to annex Liu Bei Group. Only Lu Su holds another opinion and advocates borrowing land.

He focused on the overall situation of resisting Cao Cao. Shi Zai: "The reserve army went to Beijing to see the minister of power and asked the governor of Jingzhou. Su advised the minister to borrow it, but * * * refused to Cao Gong." right of way

After weighing the pros and cons, Sun Quan finally adopted Lu Su's opinion, and Liu Bei borrowed Nanjun. ①

Why did Lu Su advocate borrowing land? Why did Sun Quan accept Lu Su's suggestion instead of Zhou Yu's plan? The truth in the process is very clear in history. "three"

"National Records" Volume 54 "Lu Su Biography" refers to Hanshu Jin Chunqiu:

Lv Fan suggested that they stay, and Su Su said, "No way. General SHEN WOO is alive in the world, but Tso is very powerful, and he has just arrived in Jingzhou, so he should borrow it.

Ready, let it calm down. Fuck the enemy more and build a party for yourself, which is also above the plan. "The correct statement comes from it.

The same book Biography of Zhou Yu contains Sun Quan's plan but not Zhou Yu's plan because: "The son of heaven is Cao Gong in the north, and he is afraid that it will be difficult to prepare for death, so he will not accept it."

According to the above two quotations, Liu Bei, regarded as a "hero" or "lean", is unlikely to be subdued at once; And lend the land to Liu Bei, let it

When the power developed to a certain extent, although something was lost for Sun Quan Group, it was the wisest thing to do at that time and we could gain a lot from it.

Actual benefits. First, it can consolidate the Sun-Liu alliance and maintain a favorable strategic position; Second, we can shorten the front and avoid putting ourselves

The limited dispersion of troops is also conducive to getting rid of the situation of Cao Liu's attack. Third, let Liu Bei meet Cao Cao and give it to Cao Cao.

Cao Cao established a powerful enemy, which can contain Cao Cao's army and reduce his military pressure; Fourth, they will not attack each other because of Sun Liu's disagreement.

Cao Cao took advantage of the fisherman. In a word, only by grasping the principal contradiction of "* * * rejecting Tsao Gong" can we survive and develop, which is the only correct strategy.

Lu Su advocated borrowing farmland, which is inseparable from his objective analysis of the situation after the victory of Chibi, and is also the main body of his thought of "Cao can't be killed"

Now The so-called "Cao Cao Can can't be killed" means that Cao Cao will eventually be killed, but it is impossible to get rid of it quickly, and it is impossible to do it alone, so it is necessary.

Make an alliance with Liu Bei and maintain good relations. It is under the guidance of this correct thought that conforms to the objective reality that we took the initiative to unite with Liu and oppose Cao Cao and borrowing money.

Put forward and implement a series of decisions such as land resources reserve. These measures reflect the consistency between Lu Su's thought and his long-term strategic goal.

The flexible strategy and ingenious art of struggle adopted by the standard. Lu Su, with his tax-sensitive political vision, looks at the overall situation and has foresight, not because he is greedy for temporary benefits.

It is also commendable to ignore the long-term fundamental interests in local interests. In fact, the objective effect of borrowing land is obvious.

Yes The reflection volume 54 "Lu Su biography" contains:

Cao Gong heard the right to prepare the land industry before writing a book.

A few words vividly showed Cao Cao's mood at that time, which showed the strong response. Thanks to land borrowing, the anti-Cao system of Sun-Liu Alliance was consolidated.

It played a decisive role in the final formation of the three kingdoms. I'm afraid we don't understand the problem too much.

In the fifteenth year of Jian 'an, Zhou Yu died of illness, and Lu Su led the troops on behalf of Yu. Lu Su presided over Sun Wu's military affairs until his death in the 22nd year of Jian 'an.

Adhere to the good policy with Liu Bei Group. During this period, Sun and Liu argued and fought over the ownership of Jingzhou, and finally formed an alliance.

There were cracks, but the alliance was finally maintained. This is because both Sun and Liu think that Cao Cao, the great enemy, is still alive and it is necessary to maintain the alliance.

Want; But it is related to some disposal of Lu Su. When Su led the army to attack Jiangling and captured Guan Yu, the alliance between Sun and Liu broke down publicly.

Crack, that's another story.

In a word, before Lu Su died, the consolidation and maintenance of the anti-Cao system of Sun-Liu Alliance was closely related to borrowing land. On the issue of borrowing land mentioned above, Sun Quan

It should be said that it is very learned to accept the opinions of Lu Su, not those of Zhou Yu and others. He even took the initiative to marry his sister to Liu

Being a wife and concluding a political marriage are obviously aimed at consolidating the alliance between Sun and Liu. But after Lu Su's death, Sun Quan turned his back on the past.

Therefore, it is extremely unfair to regard Lu Su's suggestion of borrowing land to prepare for war as "one of its shortcomings". Before and after Lu Su's death, Sun Quan listed land for lease.

Different attitudes have subjective and objective reasons. In order to avoid unnecessary branches and vines, it will not be discussed here. But it should be pointed out that Sun Quan was based on the situation at that time.

Some changes in the past will deny measures suitable for the times, so too many merits and demerits will affect the fair evaluation of Lu Su, which

This attitude of knowing people and being good at their duties is obviously not worth taking. As a historian, Chen Shou can't defend Lu Su, but he agrees with Sun Quan, which is also insufficient.

In addition, Sun Quan affirmed that Monroe's "it is better to worship his son if he wants Guan Yu", but at the same time accused Lu Su of saying that "chicken feathers are not enough to avoid" as "we can't do it inside, we can't do it outside"

For big words. "In this regard, we also think that it is improper evaluation. According to Lu Su's theory of wisdom and virtue, it should be said that it is above Monroe. Why is he?

Still not looking for Guan Yu? The reason is that he wants to maintain the fragile alliance between Sun and Liu, and use Guan Yu's power to contain and resist Cao.

Fuck, it's not powerless in front of Guan Yu. From this, we can understand what Lu Su said in his letter to Sun Quanxin: "There was an emperor at the beginning, an exile, and no feathers."

The original intention of avoiding. Therefore, we believe that Lu Su's failure to win the customs can be explained by "it is impossible, but it is not for it".

To sum up, Lu Su officially took refuge in Sun Quan in the fifth year of Jian 'an and began his political career until his death in the twenty-second year of Jian 'an. In the past twenty years,

Under the guidance of the strategic thought of "the Han Dynasty cannot be restored, and Cao Cao cannot be killed", he has been maintaining Jiangdong with the help of Sun Quan to eliminate Cao Cao and unify the world.

With the goal of the whole country, he played an important role in the political struggle stage of the Three Kingdoms in the late Han Dynasty and participated in the performance of one historical story after another.

Drama. As early as in the "secret meeting" with Sun Quan, he put forward a relatively complete political line. Later, with the development of the situation, he joined the ranks of United Liu.

In terms of content, mourning Liu, advocating resisting Cao Cao, borrowing land to prepare for war and safeguarding the alliance are vivid manifestations of this line. Thanks to this route,

Coupled with his personal practice, the Sun-Liu alliance was formed and maintained, and the tripartite confrontation between the three countries was created and continued. Admittedly, all

These are by no means the efforts of Lu Su alone, but the result of the interaction of many factors. But during this period, as a politician and strategist, Lu Su's works

Use cannot be erased. Although for some reasons, it is not fair enough in Lu Su's evaluation; But also because of the artistic expression of some later literary works.

Dye, and caused undue damage to the image of Lu Su. But we believe that once the historical dust on Lu Su is removed, it will be a tool.

The image of an outstanding historical figure with foresight will be presented to people with its true face.

References:

[1] Chen shou's three kingdoms [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1959.

[2] Sima Guangzi's Tongzhi Jian [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1956

[3] Liu Mianzhi on Lu Su in Battle of Red Cliffs [N]. People's Daily,1958-0/-16; 1958-0 1- 17