The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is a great project created by the working people in ancient China, a precious material and spiritual wealth left by our ancestors, and an important living and flowing human heritage. The Grand Canal originated in the Spring and Autumn Period, formed in the Sui Dynasty, developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and finally became the main waterway connecting the five major water systems of Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River in the Yuan Dynasty. In the historical process of more than two thousand years, the Grand Canal has made important contributions to China's economic development, national unity, social progress and cultural prosperity, and it is still playing a huge role. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal shows the outstanding achievements of China's ancient water conservancy and shipping engineering technology, which is ahead of the world. It has left a rich historical and cultural heritage, bred a series of famous towns like bright pearls, accumulated a profound and long-standing cultural heritage, and condensed huge information in China's political, economic, cultural and social fields. The Grand Canal and the Great Wall are symbols of the cultural identity of the Chinese nation. When I arrived in (Yang Guang), it was said that in order to go to Yangzhou to see the Qionghua, the city flower of Yangzhou, and to transport grain from the south to the north, a canal was dug from Jinghuai section to Jiangnan, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers. In the Yuan Dynasty, most of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing) had to dig canals to transport grain from the south to the north. For this reason, three sections of rivers have been dug successively, and the horizontal canal of the Sui Dynasty with Luoyang as the center has been built into a vertical grand canal with Dadu as the center and Hangzhou as the south. According to the geographical location, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is divided into seven sections: from Beijing to Tongzhou District, it is called Tonghui River, with a total length of 82 kilometers (this length seems incredible, because my family lives in Tongzhou and works in Beijing, so it is impossible to have 82 kilometers. In addition, what is the definition of Tonghui River? Where does it start and where does it end? ); Tongzhou District to Tianjin is called the North Canal, which is 186 km long. Tianjin to Linqing is called the South Canal, which is 400 kilometers long. Linqing to Taierzhuang is called Lu Canal, which is about 500 kilometers long. Taierzhuang to Huaiyin is called the Central Canal, with a total length of 186 km. Huaiyin to Guazhou is called the Li Canal, which is about180km long. Zhenjiang to Hangzhou is called Jiangnan Canal, which is about 330 kilometers long. Yangzhou is a famous Li Canal city. When Yang Di dug a canal in Yangzhou, Yangzhou became the hub of north-south traffic. Thanks to grain transportation, it has become one of the most prosperous areas in China.
The Sui Dynasty was divided into four sections: (1) Yongji Canal (2) Tongji Canal (3) Hangou (4) Jiangnan River.
③ The third canal.
Mainly refers to the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The key areas excavated in Yuan Dynasty are Sishui to Weihe and Dadu to Tongzhou in Shandong. In the 18th year of Zhiyuan (Kublai Khan, Yuan Shizu) (A.D. 128 1), Jeju River was opened, with a total length of 75 kilometers from Rencheng (Jining City) to procedural Anshan (Dongping County). In the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (1289), the meeting started from Anshan Nankai Canal, from the northwest of Shouzhang to Linqing, and reached the long 125km river course. In the 29th year of Yuan Dynasty (1292), Huihe River was opened, introducing Pingzhu water from Xichang, Beijing to Dadoucheng, and flowing eastward to Tongzhou to join Baihe River, with a length of 25 kilometers. In the 30th year of Yuan Dynasty (1293), the Grand Canal was fully navigable in Yuan Dynasty, and the waterwheel could go directly from Hangzhou to Dadu, becoming the predecessor of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the whole process can be divided into seven parts:
(1) Tonghui River; (2) North Canal; (3) South Canal; (4) Lu Canal; (5) the middle canal; (6) Li Yunhe; (7) Jiangnan Canal.
The Ming and Qing dynasties maintained the foundation of the Yuan Canal, and dredged the abandoned reach in Shandong in the late Yuan Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty. From the mid-Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, canal projects such as Kaikoukou Canal, Tongji New River and Zhonghe River were carried out between Xiazhen (now Weishan County) and Qingjiangpu (now Huaiyin) in Weishan Lake, Shandong Province, and the Yuehe River was excavated between Jianghuai and realized the separation of lakes.
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, as the main artery of north-south traffic, has played a great role in history. The navigation of the canal has promoted the rapid development of coastal cities.
At present, the navigation mileage of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is 1442 km, of which the annual navigation mileage is 877 km, mainly distributed in Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces south of the Yellow River.
Hangzhou Grand Canal, like the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, starts from Beijing in the north and reaches Hangzhou in the south, and flows through six provinces and cities: Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. With a total length of 1764 km, it is ten times longer than Suez Canal and twenty times longer than Panama Canal, making it the longest artificial canal in the world.
End point, into Qiantang River.
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal flows through Tongzhou District of Beijing, wuqing district City of Tianjin, Cangzhou City, Hengshui City and Xingtai City of Hebei Province, Dezhou City, Tai 'an City, Liaocheng City, Jining City and Zaozhuang City of Shandong Province, Xuzhou City, Suqian City, Huai 'an City, Yangzhou City, Zhenjiang City, Changzhou City, Wuxi City and Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province, Jiaxing City and Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province, and urban area/kloc-0.
Tongzhou ancient poem goes: A tower shadow recognizes Tongzhou. The burning lighthouse stands at the northern end of the Grand Canal and is a landmark building in Jingmen Tongzhou. Tianjin North Canal and South Canal meet in Tianjin, where they are sent from Haihe River to Bohai Sea. According to records, during the developed period of water transportation, the North Canal from Tianjin to Tongzhou carried 20,000 grain ships every year, with officers and men 1.2 million, including 30,000 merchant ships. The opening of the waterway has enabled the small Zhigu village to rapidly develop into a well-known "Tianjinwei".
The intersection of Zhenjiang, Yangzhou Yangtze River and Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Liaocheng Lake and its rivers account for 1/3 of the urban area, and are called "Venice in the north of China", which is very rare in the northern cities, among which the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is indispensable. Suzhou "Suzhou Lake is ripe and the world is full". The opening of the canal made Suzhou rich in water and food. At present, there are passenger routes to and from Suzhou-Hangzhou section of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The entrance of Huai 'an Grand Canal, under the pier of Guzhen on the east bank of the Canal, is the former residence of The Journey to the West author Wu Cheng'en.