Titles are also called titles or titles. A title is a logical combination that reflects the most important specific content in a short passage with the most appropriate and concise words.

The title of a paper is the first important information related to the scope and level of the paper. At the same time, it is necessary to compile secondary documents such as titles and indexes, taking into account the specific practical information that can help select keywords and provide retrieval. The topic of the paper is very important and must be carefully chosen. Some people use the following sentence to describe its importance: "The title of the paper is half of the article". The requirements for the title of the thesis are: accurate and appropriate; Short and pithy; Proper extension and connotation; Eye-catching

(2) the author's name and department.

This item belongs to the problem of paper signature. The first is to show the responsibility of writing, the second is to record the results of labor, and the third is to facilitate readers to contact the author and literature retrieval (author index). It can be roughly divided into two situations, single-author papers and multi-author papers. The latter is listed as the first author and the second author in the order of signature. It is important to adhere to the attitude of seeking truth from facts, and list those who have made the greatest contribution to research work and thesis writing as the first and second authors, and so on. It is also convenient for readers to contact the author by indicating the author's unit.

(3) Abstract

Papers usually have abstracts, some for international communication, and foreign language (mostly English) abstracts. It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or annotations. Other uses are to obtain necessary information without reading the full text of the paper. The abstract shall include the following contents:

① The purpose and significance of this study;

(2) the main content of the study, which shows what has been done;

(3) The basic conclusions and research results highlight the originality of the paper;

④ The significance of the conclusion or result.

Keywords (keywords)

Keywords belong to a category of subject words. Subject words include not only keywords, but also narrative words of unit words and title words.

Keyword is a new vocabulary of information retrieval language, which is used to describe the theme of literature and give information retrieval. It is precisely because of its appearance and development that it is possible to computerize information retrieval (computer retrieval). Keywords refer to words or phrases that distinguish things by the characteristic relationship of concepts, express in natural language, have collocation function and accurately express the dynamic semantic conceptual relationship between words.

(5) Wording requirements

(1) Numbers with a mantissa of 0 "and above 5 digits can be rewritten as numbers in thousands and billions. Under normal circumstances, it is not allowed to take ten, hundreds, thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions, tens of millions, billions, billions, billions, etc. As a unit (except for prefixes of hundreds, thousands and trillions). For example, 1 800 000 can be written as1800 000; 142 500 can be written as 142500, but not as142 500; 5000 words can't be written as 5000 words.

(2) Pure decimals must be located by writing 0 "before decimal point. The "0" at the end of the number of significant digits cannot be omitted and should be written completely. For example, 1.500,1.750,2.000 can't be written 1.5,1.75,2.

(3) The numerical value is modified according to GB 8 170- 1987 "Rules for Numerical Value Modification", and its concise formula is "4-6 enters 5 to see the right, after 5, there are numbers going up, the mantissa is 0 to see the left, and the left number is odd to enter even and discarded". For example, round to the decimal point 1 bit, 12. 149 round to12.1; 12. 169 was changed to12.2; 12. 150 is about 12.2, 12.250 is about 12.2.

(4) The numerical value is multiplied by the length unit, and the unit after each numerical value cannot be omitted. For example, 5 cm×8 cm× 10 cm cannot be written as 5x8×10cm or 5x8×10cm3.

(5) When the units of measurement of a series of values are the same, the unit symbol can only be written after the last 1 bit. For example: 60,80, 100 mol/L. It is unnecessary to write 60 mol/L, 80 mol/L, 100 mol/L. ..

(6) When the scores are arranged by 1 line, the semicolon is diagonal.

(7) There is no uniform requirement to use comma or pause between Arabic numerals juxtaposed in the text, and each editorial department chooses a symbol under the same circumstances to achieve the unity of the whole period.

(8) The words indicating the increase or decrease of figures should be accurate. ① Increase: It can be expressed in multiples or percentages. For example, it is doubled (originally 1, now it is 2); Increase (or improve) 2 times (originally 1, now it is 3); 80% increase (original 1, now1.8); Over 80% (the quota is 100, but actually it is 180). ② Decrease: it cannot be expressed by multiples, but only by percentages or fractions. For example: reduced to the original 80% (original 100, now 80); Reduce (or decrease) by 80% (originally 100, now it is 20); Reduced to the original 1/5 (originally 1, now 0.2); Reduced (or reduced) 1/5 (originally 1, now 0.8) and so on.

(9) When using numbers as marks of grades or groups, attention should be paid to avoid ambiguity or discontinuous numbers. For example: **60 cases, 10 years old, 10/case, > For 9 cases of 20-year-old people, the author should be asked which group the whole10-year-old people belong to; & gt 10 years old and > 20 years old overlap, and the former includes the latter, which should be clearly distinguished.