Based on the self-centered behavior of small class children, this paper only knows how to accept other people's things, but doesn't know or want to share their own things with others, and makes full use of the collective life of kindergartens to create a healthy, happy, warm and harmonious physical and mental environment, that is, by arranging sharing time, setting up sharing activity areas, sharing outdoor large toys and group games, and shaping a happy and harmonious relationship between teachers and children and their homes. At the same time, teachers should seize the opportunity of random education, encourage and promote children's sharing behavior, and teach children the necessary sharing skills according to the actual situation, so that children can learn to share freely.
Key words:? Small class? Cultivation of sharing consciousness
Kindergartens can often witness such a scene: two young children quarrel or even cry for the same toy; Or some children would rather hold toys than give them to others. These behaviors of children are all external manifestations of egocentrism. At present, most children in kindergartens are only children, and they are the only objects that many family members love and take care of.
As a result, they have developed a "self-centered" behavior, only knowing that they are willing to accept other people's things, but they don't know or want to share their own things with others. Especially the small class children who have just left home, behave like at home in kindergarten. They only care about their possession of fun and delicious things, and they don't even think of sharing them with their children. As a kindergarten teacher, we should actively make use of the collective life of kindergarten, create a healthy and happy environment, help children learn to share as soon as possible, learn to care, and form good habits, thus promoting the social development of children.
1. Create a healthy and harmonious environment and a warm atmosphere.
The outline points out: "Environment is the material for human survival and development, and the integration of social and psychological conditions is the resource for children's development. Children generate and carry out activities through interaction with the environment. " Obviously, a good environment is an effective resource for children to share quality.
1. 1. Creation of physical environment.
1. 1. 1. Arrange * * * to share time.
First of all, in daily activities, give children some time to share activities. For example, "One Minute Sharing" in this minute, children try their best to share their children's songs, dances, stories and jokes with other children. Such sharing activities can let children show themselves in front of children, which is not only conducive to cultivating children's sharing behavior, but also helps to cultivate children's ability to express boldly. In the process of showing and telling, children can not only have a sense of accomplishment, but also have a sense of happiness and satisfaction brought by sharing, thus enhancing their self-confidence.
Secondly, according to the characteristics of small class children like snacks, we can arrange one and a half days a week as children's snack sharing day. Please bring delicious snacks from home to kindergarten and let them share snacks and happiness. This is a very fresh and interesting activity for children in small classes. In this activity, children can introduce their snacks first and invite them to taste their snacks. Children feel the joy of sharing in tasting delicious food, and understand that "I give you my things, and if you are happy, I am happy." Learn to communicate with peers by comparing and communicating with each other. In this process of communication, children gradually mastered the principles of getting along with each other, laying a good foundation for eventually forming a harmonious and friendly peer relationship.
1. 1.2. Establish a "share the world" activity area.
According to the reality of small class children, various activity areas are set up in the activity room, such as "doll house", "building area" and "book corner" that small class children like. Teachers and children decorate the areas together, and children can bring their favorite dolls, small toys and books to each area and carry out activities freely: fun toys for everyone to play with, new books for everyone to see, and be architects together. In this "shared world", children enjoy games and fun, thus learning to care about others, be modest, unite and cooperate, have a sense of sharing, and gradually experience the joy of sharing in activities.
1. 1.3 Share outdoor large toys and group games in kindergartens.
We know that children are prone to scramble or even attack when playing with small toys or when there are few toys, but when playing with big toys and group games, it is easy to form friendly communication behaviors such as cooperation, taking turns and sharing. Therefore, in the process of playing large toys and group games, teachers should actively encourage and guide children to share, communicate and cooperate, so as to promote the development of all children's active sharing behavior.
1.2 the creation of psychological environment.
Psychological environment is a hidden environment, which can also be understood as an atmosphere and an emotional feeling. It includes two aspects: one is the happy and harmonious relationship between teachers and children. Teachers have a high prestige in children's minds, and their words and deeds have a subtle influence on children. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a happy, harmonious and equal relationship between teachers and children. In normal activities, teachers should not only pay attention to their own image and fully demonstrate their exemplary role, but also look at children's behavior with understanding, trust and analysis, encourage children to express their thoughts and guide them to listen to their peers' voices, such as: "Why are you unhappy? Tell us about it! " "Let's help you think of a good way together!" "Today is my birthday. Grandpa bought me a tank. " Wait, let children share the happiness and unhappiness of their peers. The teacher's encouraging words, approving eyes, smiling face, kind hug, etc. It can greatly encourage children, further strengthen sharing behavior, and urge children to share with you consciously. Second, a warm family atmosphere. Warm family environment is the foundation for children to form good emotional quality. The influence of family education on children's emotions can not be ignored, so family education should be put in the first place. Publicize the importance of parents' words and deeds in front of children through various forms. For example, parents' symposiums with relevant contents are held regularly to exchange parenting experience "how to let children learn to share" and so on. Kindergarten activities are open to parents for half a day, and "parent-child activities" are carried out to guide family members and families to accompany them freely, give full play to the interactive role of sharing among children and between children and parents, and let children learn to share in a warm family atmosphere.
2. Random education and encouragement promote children's sharing behavior.
Teachers should always pay attention to observation and understanding, grasp the opportunity of education, and educate and motivate children in a targeted, timely and effective manner. Children like teachers' praise, so whether it is material sharing or emotional sharing, when there are incidents of sharing consciousness and behavior, we should make full use of them, educate children in the classroom with inspiring examples in time, and strengthen their sharing behavior with praise and reward for children with sharing behavior, so that children will be very happy and their self-esteem will be greatly satisfied, thus strengthening and maintaining their sharing behavior and gradually internalizing it into their own consciousness; At the same time, the children in the class have an example of imitating learning, and the children will follow suit, so that the atmosphere of sharing in the class will become stronger and stronger.
3. According to the actual situation, teach children the necessary sharing skills.
In the cultivation of children's sharing awareness in small classes, we often find that some children are sometimes reluctant to share with others, and they are very reluctant, or some children force others to share when they see good things. In view of these situations, we can teach children some sharing skills, for example, telling children that they don't need to share their things with others all the time. When your own things are limited and precious, you can also refuse to share them with others; When others borrow their own things, they can tell them how to use them correctly and how to protect them.
Don't monopolize things that don't belong to you and others are waiting to use them. When others don't actively share, we can discuss and communicate with them, but we can't force them to share. Teachers should always give guidance according to the actual situation to help children share harmoniously and happily.
Childhood is an important period for the formation of good behavior habits, noble moral sentiments and healthy psychological quality. Once the child's sharing consciousness is formed, it should be put into action immediately to achieve the effect of "integration of knowledge and action". As we all know, all behavior habits cannot be formed overnight. We should follow the principle of step by step, cultivate children's spontaneous sharing behavior step by step through purposeful educational activities and daily life content, so that children can fully experience the happiness and satisfaction brought by giving and being given, as well as the warmth and love between people. Let the children realize that it is the responsibility and obligation of every member of the collective to bring happiness to others and create happiness for others and the collective, so as to sow the seeds of good moral behavior norms in the children's young minds and transform the values of selfless dedication into the moral values of children.
References:
1. Beijing Normal University Press "Kindergarten Teacher Education Guidance Outline" edited by People's Republic of China (PRC) Ministry of Education (for Trial Implementation).
2. The author anonymously "A Preliminary Study on Small Class Children's Sharing Consciousness and Behavior" (Third Prize of Jiangshan Moral Education Paper Appraisal)
3. The Guide to Learning and Development for Children Aged 3-6 published by Capital Normal University Press was promulgated by the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC).