How to build rural future communities with technical support systems such as smart villages?
Improving the production and living system of rural communities with new technologies. Cultivating new farmers, popularizing new technologies and promoting rural entrepreneurship and innovation have become the key to the development of rural communities, because new technologies can maximize the added value of three industrial integration;
Relying on new technology to build a rural community public service system with equal urban and rural areas, and improve the service level of rural community governance. In view of the decentralized characteristics of rural society, resources are integrated through network information technology, and a public service system and a new people's livelihood service system with county as the center, town as the important connection point and village as the foundation are established;
Overcome the situation of rural population outflow and form the aggregation effect of rural community population. The wide application of new technology in agricultural production has promoted the obvious physical exertion of agricultural production labor, and the improvement of rural ecological environment and the development of diversified cultural tourism projects with humanistic feelings have also attracted more and more people to travel or live in rural communities for a short time.
More exciting views
0 1 theme of rural future community construction
And its relationship with urban-rural integration
20 19 1 month, Zhejiang Province took the lead in clearly stating in the government work report that Zhejiang will start the construction of landmark projects such as future communities. In March of the same year, the Zhejiang Provincial Government issued the "Pilot Work Plan for Future Community Construction in Zhejiang Province", which marked the comprehensive start of the pilot work for future community construction in Zhejiang Province. On the whole, Zhejiang Province basically limits the future community construction to urban communities, but it is worth noting that Quzhou, Zhejiang Province takes the lead in extending the future community construction to rural areas, which opens the prelude to the future rural community construction.
0 1 topic association
On the specific thinking of the theme of rural future community construction, the planning and design of Quzhou, Zhejiang Province put forward: "The rural future community is a new rural community form characterized by facing the future, oriented by' sustainable development' and centered on' high-quality life', and it is a modern platform for the convergence of' production, society and humanities'. From "village" to "community" is an inevitable trend of rural development and an advanced form to realize rural housing reform. Quzhou put forward the systematic design of "neighborhood, style, industry, transportation, education, medical care, culture and governance" with "net population inflow+added value of the integration of tertiary industry" as the comprehensive index, focusing on specific rural people, and achieving the goal of promoting entrepreneurship and returning to nature through the high integration of reform, development and people's livelihood.
Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province has chosen two key indicators to measure the development of rural communities and the integration of urban and rural areas, touching on two most intractable problems of urban and rural integration, namely, how to keep a certain number of dynamic population in rural communities to overcome the challenges brought by rural aging? How to realize the further development of rural industries and increase rural vitality through three industrial integrations? These two problems involve how to develop rural cultural capital and ecological capital and present them as important capital intermediaries for urban-rural interaction;
02 technical association
Undoubtedly, under the new historical conditions, the application of new technologies is indispensable for the future rural community construction and the realization of the goal of urban-rural integration. Throughout history, an important technical background for the late-developing modern countries to realize urban-rural integration in the middle and late stages of industrialization and urbanization is the traffic revolution. "Since the 1920s, the more flexible transportation system and the growth of private cars have promoted the dispersion and dispersion of population and capital from urban areas, and also led to the decline of cities. In this sense, traffic can be called both the' creator' and the' destroyer' of the city. "
If we agree with the above analysis, we will find that there are more new technologies in front of us today, such as high-speed rail, expressway, internet, energy technology and many innovative technologies in agricultural production, which will surely make a series of new and more fundamental changes in the process of rural future community building and urban-rural integration today;
03 social form correlation
Especially under the background of drastic changes in science and technology in the new century, whether it is urban-rural integration or rural future community construction, it has actually gone far beyond the general social function judgment. Their development, interaction and intersection actually indicate the emergence of a new social form. For example, Caster pointed out that the network is not only a technology, but also a new social form. As a result of these processes, people feel profound changes in three areas-new social structure (network society), new economy ("information capitalism") and new culture ("real and virtual" Internet culture). In the information age, economy, society and culture are all ruled by all-encompassing "network logic". It is in this sense that "the network constitutes a new social form of our society, and the spread of networked logic has substantially changed the activities and results in the process of production, experience, power and culture". Based on the above judgment, the academic understanding of the network society has never lacked the so-called social dimension, and holds that "from the technical dimension, the network society is defined as a virtual digital society created by the connection of Internet technology; From the social dimension, the network society is defined as a new form of the whole human society with the network as the core of production and lifestyle. " It can be seen that urban-rural integration is no longer a simple addition of cities and towns, but indicates the occurrence of a new social form.
02 rural future community:
A new platform for urban-rural integration under the background of technical support
Undoubtedly, since the beginning of the new century, the development of new technologies such as information technology, artificial intelligence and energy technology has provided unprecedented strong support for rural community construction and urban-rural integration. However, we must see that without a specific social space and organizational form, technology will not play a direct role, but it needs a number of social entity forms as an intermediary to really play a role.
Specifically, the current rural future community construction in the Yangtze River Delta in China provides tangible social support and support for various new technologies to play a role, so that urban-rural integration can form a new platform and operation mode of urban-rural integration through innovative practice forms of future community construction. Some scholars sum up the concrete operation scheme of rural future communities as the planning strategy of "4+ 1+X". Among them, "4" represents four rural system planning, namely, four systems of space, industry, people's livelihood and governance, representing all dimensions of rural future communities; "1" stands for 1 smart village support system, which provides necessary technical support for the production and life of rural future communities; "X" is based on the above five systems and the three value coordinates of "humanity, ecology and digitalization".
Improving the production and living system of rural communities with new technologies.
Historically, the booming technological system with industrial civilization as the core in the19th century has changed the traditional urban-rural structure, making cities the center of modern civilization, while rural areas become marginalized. In the economic system of modern society, the proportion of agriculture as the primary industry in the gross national product is getting smaller and smaller, and there are inevitably fewer and fewer agricultural employees. How to improve the economic value of agricultural products has become the key to the problem. From the experience of East Asia, as early as the end of 1970s, Japan began to explore ways to combine agriculture with secondary and tertiary industries to enhance rural production capacity. 1979, Japan's "one village, one product" was called "1.5 times industry", which means that some elements of the secondary industry or tertiary industry were embedded in agricultural products. By 1993, Morimura, a famous Japanese agronomist, proposed six major industries. Its core connotation can be summarized as follows: if the primary industry agriculture is regarded as 1, the secondary industry as 2 and the tertiary industry as 3, then the formulas of 1 2 3=6 and 1+2+3=6 can be formed.
It can be seen that the concept of six major industries is actually a further deepening of the concept of 1.5 industry, and its substantive significance lies in: combining agriculture as the primary industry with the secondary and tertiary industries to realize the value-added effect of agricultural products. The above-mentioned Japanese practices are called "three industrial integration" in China. "Three industrial integration fundamentally belongs to industrial integration. It is a phenomenon of fuzzy industrial boundaries and industrial development integration based on technological innovation or institutional innovation. Through industrial penetration, industrial crossover and industrial reorganization, the decomposition, reconstruction and functional upgrading of industrial chain and value chain are stimulated, which leads to major changes in industrial functions, forms, organizational methods and business models. It is based on agriculture, based on rural areas, benefiting farmers, focusing on counties and below, and the key is innovation. " It can be seen that technological innovation is indispensable.
Therefore, cultivating new farmers, popularizing new technologies and promoting rural entrepreneurship and innovation have become the key to the development of rural communities, because new technologies can maximize the added value of three industrial integration. In addition, "through the local industrial form, enhance its relevance to agriculture, rural areas and farmers, to a certain extent, curb the outflow of rural population, so that some middle-aged women and the elderly have achieved local employment; Promote communication between urban and rural areas through industrial linkage. "
Compared with the application of new technologies in agriculture, new technologies closely related to farmers' lives are more extensive, including network technology, biotechnology and energy technology. Among them, network technology has played a great role in activating rural resource elements. In 20 19, the Outline of Digital Rural Development Strategy issued by the Central Office and the State Council emphasized that "digital agriculture, smart tourism and smart industrial parks should be developed according to local conditions, and the construction of socialized service system for agricultural and rural information should be promoted, so that information flow can drive capital flow, technology flow, talent flow and material flow. Innovate rural inclusive finance services, improve the development environment of inclusive finance such as online payment, mobile payment and online credit, and provide farmers with convenient financial services that can't leave the village. " From the practice of digital village construction in recent years, the network technology represented by e-commerce technology has broken through many barriers in the circulation of agricultural products and established a super-time circulation system. From the international experience, new energy technology is directly related to the ecology of rural communities and the sustainability of development. "From a functional point of view, rural energy technology is changing from traditional energy services to production services, quality of life services and environmental services."
Relying on new technology to build a rural community public service system with equal urban and rural areas, and improve the service level of rural community governance.
In the process of industrialization and urbanization, the realization of urban-rural integration is often accompanied by "anti-urbanization". Judging from the historical background and realistic conditions of anti-urbanization, the anti-urbanization represented by western countries with earlier modernization is mainly realized on the premise of highly mature urbanization, equalization or integration of urban and rural infrastructure and public services. In contrast, in post-modern countries, "the gap between urban and rural infrastructure and public services is still very obvious". For a long time, under the urban-rural dual structure system, due to the lack of systematic and sustained investment, there are obvious shortcomings in rural public services and infrastructure in China. In this context, the first thing to do in the future rural community construction is to make up for the shortcomings, which puts forward the problem of rural community, with the goal of making up the gap between urban and rural areas to the greatest extent and realizing the equalization of urban and rural public services. It is in this sense that the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee put forward the "Rural Construction Action", emphasizing the importance of rural public service hardware system construction.
1
Relying on new technology, we will establish a public service system with the county as the center, the town as the important connection point and the village as the foundation. It is necessary to establish not only the close relationship between rural areas and cities, but also the structural relationship within rural areas;
2
In view of the decentralized characteristics of rural society, resources are integrated through network information technology to establish a new livelihood service system enjoyed by * * *;
three
The establishment of social relations system. "Establish community organizations with the same interests and hobbies as the goal, and encourage residents to actively participate in neighborhood activities. Encourage diversified participation in the construction of * * *. Encourage international cooperation, introduce international advanced cultural elements, advocate a healthy lifestyle, and reflect the diversity and inclusiveness of community culture; Encourage villagers, residents, tourists, volunteers, new business entities, non-governmental organizations, governments, investors and other diverse entities to participate in the construction of the * * * enjoyment life system. "
Overcome the situation of rural population outflow and form the aggregation effect of rural community population.
As mentioned above, as an important symbol of the decline of rural society in the process of industrialization and urbanization, it seems to be an irreversible development law that a large number of rural people flow to cities. As the British urbanist Howard said, for farmers, the city is a magnet with strong attraction, which will inevitably attract the rural population to the city, thus raising the question of why a rural society is possible. Therefore, the most direct problem facing rural community construction in the future is to strive to keep the rural population at an appropriate density.
1
The wide application of new technology in agricultural production has promoted the obvious physical strength of agricultural production labor, making the elderly and women play a very important role in agricultural production labor.
At the same time, new business forms such as village houses and farmhouses have also attracted a certain number of women and the elderly to achieve local employment, and even attracted some young people to return to the countryside, realizing the return of young people, and curbing the trend of rural population outflow to some extent;
2
The improvement of rural ecological environment and the development of diversified cultural tourism projects with humanistic feelings have attracted more and more people to travel or live in rural communities for a short time, which has led to the phenomenon of "mixed living" in rural communities and the increase of their population to a certain extent.
The rural future community planning scheme of Qujiang District, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province summarizes the rural population composition as "hometown", "hometown" and "Xinxiang people", and puts forward that the role of "hometown" born and bred in rural areas can not be ignored and its main position can not be missing. Understand the way of thinking of' fellow villagers', follow their thinking, and connect from bottom to top to activate the hematopoietic function of the countryside itself. Enhance the local residents' dominant position and independent rights in the Lotus, so that the local people have a sense of belonging and become the real masters of the Lotus community. Fully respect residents' dominant position in rural areas and understand residents' yearning and demand for a better life. Introducing and retaining people who have returned to their hometown and Xinxiang is an important force to promote rural transformation and realize sustainable development. Let foreign entrepreneurs rebuild their feelings of returning home and become the best aid for rural development. We will implement the plan of returning the geese, helping the countryside and introducing talents from the village nest to attract more talented people to the lotus, so that the vast rural world will become a hot spot for rural officials to start businesses. "
three
The phenomenon of "living in two places" between urban and rural areas appears, and the population flow between urban and rural areas is unprecedentedly active.
In previous studies, the author has specifically discussed the phenomenon of "two places living" in urban and rural areas after East Asian countries entered the new century in recent years. "Some social elites and the new middle class who pursue the taste of life have shown strong interest in this' mobile living' lifestyle between urban and rural areas, that is, in addition to owning houses in cities, they also buy rural houses with local characteristics in rural areas and adopt a mobile living lifestyle." The most prominent feature of this phenomenon of "living in two places" lies in its experience and the "convection" of urban and rural society. As a carrier, it is possible for the population between urban and rural areas to form normal interaction.
Establishment of urban-rural convection mechanism under the background of new technology support
Say goodbye to the traditional pattern of urban center and rural fringe.
Since the industrial revolution, under the influence of industrialism and its technical system, human society has started the process of industrialization and urbanization, and connected cities and villages in a new form by relying on industrial technology, forming the overall pattern of urban center and rural fringe, which has long influenced and restricted the development of modern society. This is true in developed countries, and so is it in developing countries. The difference is that for developing countries, in order to realize modernization and catch up with development, the main resources are often concentrated in urban industrial society, while rural resources are absorbed in one direction, so that rural resources continue to flow to cities, forming a typical urban-rural dual structure. In this sense, for developing countries, urban-rural integration often faces more severe challenges. However, the integration of urban and rural areas is nothing more than the integration of "city" and "township", whether it is a late-developing modern country or an early-developing modern country. Therefore, the most basic premise of urban-rural integration is to change the traditional thinking of urban center and rural fringe, and establish an equal exchange of various elements between urban and rural areas. Both "city" and "township" should gain a true and appropriate position in the modern social system.
How does new technology help rural community construction and upgrading?
In recent years, all walks of life have carried out in-depth discussions and practices around new technologies to help rural revitalization and urban-rural integration. The research focuses on: how to break the spatial division between urban and rural areas by means of data technology and transportation technology, connect rural areas with cities, and realize a global communication between urban and rural areas by relying on new technologies, even across national borders; How to realize the integration of resources between urban and rural areas through the development and application of new technologies, and provide the most important support for the equal exchange and two-way flow of factors between urban and rural areas; How to make the integration of three industries a reality through a series of new agricultural production technologies; How to build a sustainable, green and livable rural society through new energy technology?
In recent years, the rural future community construction initiated in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, through various substantial rural revitalization actions, has significantly improved the rural hardware infrastructure, narrowed the long-term development gap between rural areas and cities, and at the same time, the rural advantages such as ecology, environment and culture that cities do not have have have been activated and gained unprecedented prominence. Under the background of COVID-19 epidemic, telecommuting and home-based research and teaching have become a new way of working and living, thus further narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, through the construction of rural future communities, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other developed areas in China have begun to show a new trend of urban-rural integration. In this case, how to integrate resources through new technologies, break down barriers, further eliminate urban-rural division and realize rural development and upgrading has become a key issue that we should seriously explore.
Social logic of urban-rural integration supported by new technology.
Because the process of urban-rural integration embodies the combination of urban and rural social systems, in the specific practice of urban-rural integration, new technical indicators can not play a direct role as a single factor, but must be deeply combined with social factors. Of course, these social factors can't be just an abstract existence, but often are expressed through the development and changes of urban and rural community organizations. Judging from the current rural revitalization process in East Asia and even the whole world, the experience is that only by deeply embedding technology into the specific development process of rural communities can we open the way for urban-rural integration by improving the comprehensive development level of rural communities. Generally speaking, urban future community construction is often directly linked to urban renewal, which constitutes a series of operable and planned choices.
Although the rural future community has the characteristics of renewal, its connotation and manifestation are different from those of urban renewal. Its renewal is often not a simple replacement, but a combination of inheritance and renewal. Quzhou, Zhejiang took the lead in bringing futurity into the process of rural community construction and put forward the concept of rural future community construction in the country. If the technological system centered on industrialization in the early stage of industrialization mainly concentrated the resources of national development in cities, then today, new technologies centered on network information and energy technology provide conditions for breaking the boundaries between urban and rural areas, breaking the barriers between urban and rural areas established in the early stage of industrialization, and then realizing urban-rural reintegration.
Realization of urban-rural convection mechanism under the background of rural future community construction.
For a long time, under the system and framework of urban-rural dual structure, urban-rural development is obviously unbalanced, which makes rural development in a backward state. Therefore, in the future rural community construction, how to truly promote the development of rural communities has become a topic with core significance. It is emphasized that the future community construction in rural areas is of great significance to urban-rural integration, mainly because urban-rural integration cannot be realized out of thin air, but should be carried out on a certain space and platform.
Specifically, it is necessary to establish a convection communication between urban and rural communities, which is mainly manifested in that not only rural people want to work in cities, but also urban people are willing to enter the countryside, so that urban people and rural people can flow in two directions. An important technical foundation of this two-way flow is the support of new technologies such as the Internet. Thus, it truly broke the traditional closure of rural communities and established real and meaningful multiple contacts with the outside world.
In short, as the forerunner of urban-rural integration, the ongoing rural future community construction in the Yangtze River Delta region of China has provided tangible social support for various new technologies, greatly promoted the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban-rural elements, formed an innovative platform and operation mode of urban-rural integration, and provided new important opportunities for the development of urban-rural integration in China in the new era.
Author: Dean of School of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Tian Jilin University (abridged on WeChat)