On the one hand, college students should compete with social makers in choosing projects. Image source: vision china
The direction of entrepreneurial projects that can be referenced.
1. technical orientation: learn Taobao from the current university laboratory.
The knowledge achievements of colleges and universities can be divided into three aspects: first, enterprise technological innovation projects jointly developed or cooperated with off-campus enterprises, which basically lock in intellectual property rights; second, basic frontier theoretical research, which is often ahead of the current market application, can be used as the focus of long-term attention and follow-up, but this field is often either zero or 100, full of technical risks; The third is the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities. Every year, a large number of papers and projects are blocked due to policies, school-enterprise cooperation, restructuring and other reasons. But now the national policy encourages the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. In the past, the results were generally realized, jointly developed or sold directly. Now the policy guides teachers and students to create and convert the results into equity.
Among them, the third aspect should be the focus of college students' entrepreneurship Taobao, because it is not only the blessing of scientific and technological achievements, but also the pouring of high-end intelligence and campus resources, which has made a good start for the business model and resource matching of follow-up projects.
Scientific and technological achievements transformation projects should also learn to distinguish. First of all, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements should be combined with market research to evaluate and demonstrate the possibility of transforming new technologies into products and products replacing the market. Academic progress certainly represents technological progress and the substitution of reality. At present, one of the key areas supported by the state and policy is import substitution, which can be used as a breakthrough direction of concern and inclination; The other is the substitution of new species. The theme of cost or efficiency substitution often increases the cost infinitely in the market and competition, which is not desirable for college students to be customers.
Secondly, some scientific and technological achievements have different incubation and transformation times, so we should also pay attention to screening. In principle, hard science and technology fields such as new energy, new materials, aerospace science and technology, advanced manufacturing, Internet of Things, robotics and artificial intelligence encouraged by the state are the focus of attention, while biotechnology, medicine, modern agriculture, marine science and technology have a particularly long cycle, and there are threshold requirements for disciplines, majors and specialties. At the same time, it involves a series of scientific and technological achievements such as national defense, military conversion, confidentiality, etc. Although the policy is constantly loosened, it has long relied too much on policies and resources, and it is a niche market with high threshold. Some military academies with military background and undertaking military projects have inherent advantages in technological transformation from military to civilian. However, in the absence of relevant resources and qualifications, college students are not recommended to participate in military projects or military applications with relatively high thresholds in the early stage.
2. Light asset strategy model
In order to break through the shackles of resources on innovation and creativity in the physical world, college students' own resources and capital are limited. It is necessary to learn how to choose projects with the light asset model in the digital world, which is also conducive to the docking of subsequent equity financing. The light asset strategy model is not to give up the asset investment in some key links of the project, but to incite the heavy asset links through the leverage model or the * * * economic model. We can adopt various forms of strategic business cooperation and shareholding, lay out the field of total assets (involving heavy assets such as land, equipment, manufacturing, capital precipitation, etc.), and make heavy assets lighter to form a moat, which can be carried out in various strategic ways of light assets. Improve the use direction of funds (R&D, marketing and sales) and reduce the extrusion of funds in manufacturing and circulation.
3. Consumption orientation
Around the most thoughtful, cutting-edge and trendy new generation of consumer groups, there are huge opportunities to upgrade their industries in the fields of food, clothing, housing, transportation, medical entertainment, financial examination, employment and study abroad. At present, the average monthly consumption of college students is basically between 800 and 2000, and their consumption habits, preferences and behaviors have changed greatly, paying more attention to diversified, customized, personalized and network-famous consumer products, so it is great to pay attention to some of these categories. Due to the emergence of new retail, especially new consumption channels such as unmanned shelves and unmanned retail, many explosive leisure snack enterprises have been born.
However, the consumption-oriented project is a great test for the team. It not only needs to dive into the tastes and preferences of consumers, research products, enhance the experience and customer stickiness, but also needs online and offline communication, delicious and fun, sharing and spreading through photos, and has the characteristics of online celebrities who spread from the media.
4. Creative oriented
With the upgrading of consumption, especially the popularity of content payment, a wave of spiritual products, such as audio, video, pictures, novels, movies and so on. Cultural and creative industries have exploded, because their consumers are both consumers, participants and creators of content. College students are accustomed to parties, expositions, speeches, self-endorsement, and the secondary mode, which contains huge industrial opportunities. IP, personal branding, highlighting the perspective of the times and personal brand tonality, has become a key track and entrepreneurial outlet to attract young makers, especially college students.
However, due to the chaotic development of this field in recent years, it has also brought many problems to the industry. At present, the supervision in this field will be gradually strengthened because of the guidance problem, and the threshold will be higher and higher. We need to find a good breakthrough point and balance point between content creation and regulatory red line, but also need precipitation and timing, as well as the timing of explosive products.
5. Integration oriented
The combination of technology and grounded gas products has produced the chemical effect of "1+ 1 > 2". The link and integration of technology with application scenarios such as cultural creation and finance brings huge imagination space, such as the combination of artificial intelligence and various sub-fields, such as the integration of blockchain technology and various industries. This innovation is subversive. On the one hand, it reshuffles and upgrades the existing market to seize customers, on the other hand, it can also play a low-dimensional role. After all, the price war that has been tried and tested in traditional industries before, in the face of free software and hardware charges, has no direct power to return to heaven.
However, entrepreneurship in this field needs to be able to deeply integrate technology and application scenarios, which depends on an accurate grasp of the target population. It is a great challenge for college students' entrepreneurs, but it has a bright prospect and is also a key track for capital-intensive attention.
6. Facing grafting
At present, many traditional industries are at a loss in the face of the new economic wave. The transformation and upgrading of the original team and industrial base are weak, lacking innovative talents, innovative thinking and innovative models. There are great opportunities for entrepreneurship and times in this field. College students can combine new ideas and new models with the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, find breakthroughs, reposition new projects, and cooperate with old and new enterprises to build new businesses.
I came into contact with a college student entrepreneurial team that started from the mobile Internet. At first, they also started around the hot spots in the university market. In the past two years, the hot socialization, e-commerce, part-time job, running errands and staging have been pushed one after another on the platform, basically all of them died halfway, and the financing is not ideal, but the team's strong online and offline promotion ability has been exercised. By chance, they came into contact with a Fujian tea merchant who was trying to transform. After several business cooperation, both of them have established trust points and career convergence points. As a result, Bingqiang Ma Zhuang established a new enterprise and brand, and formed a team of co-founders. Tea merchants' bosses invested in introducing industrial chain resources (production bases, chain teahouses), and college students' teams developed their specialties (online and offline operations) and merged into incubators, which also combined their business models. The technology platform and product crowdfunding model were introduced to realize tea garden monitoring and tea tree crowdfunding, and an online and offline innovative company with Internet genes was built. In the later period, the three parties also achieved a win-win situation, where the incubator expanded and where the tea brand extended, which was sought after by institutions. There are also some college students' projects that are partial to development and technology, and will also convert or exchange shares with each other in the process of enterprise transformation, so as to realize the functions of self-hematopoiesis and blood exchange, and win space and time for the continuous operation of subsequent projects and docking capital.
7. Anti-evil oriented
Due to the profit-seeking nature of business, social makers have great differences in choosing entrepreneurial projects. Some stick to the commercial bottom line of "a gentleman loves money and takes it wisely", while others use human weakness to induce bad consumption.
In the past, many social enterprises lured or induced college students to spend more than they could afford, such as high consumption, medical beauty consumption, financial loans and so on, in view of the characteristics of concentrated consumption, many consumers and irrational consumption in colleges and universities. , and even some application software applications such as exams, substitute classes, skipping classes, and erotic live broadcasts. At present, this piece has been severely cleaned up and cleared by the national education department, but there are still many budding varieties such as WeChat business, pyramid schemes and campus beauty contests active in the campus market.
With the progress of national laws and regulations and commercial civilization, there are huge business opportunities on the opposite side of this evil company. How to prevent these bad enterprises from harming consumers, especially the students on campus, has created new entrepreneurial opportunities in the fields of information security, food security, campus security, aerospace security and personal safety.
For example, campus guards in the field of campus information security, such as suppressing drone projects and anti-media fraud projects, solve the problem of drone flying and stopping.
8 For NGOs.
At present, social organizations and public welfare projects have become a track for college students' entrepreneurial options because of their great influence, non-profit, public welfare organizations, cross-border and border coordination. The personality, consumption habits and boundaries of the new generation of college students are far from the world outlook of the post-70s and post-80s. The creativity, experiment and perfection of a project are likely to be supported and operated by a small multinational team, and NGOs, public welfare and social enterprises have also become the choices of the new generation. In fact, from the post-90s generation that I came into contact with, they are more responsible and have the courage to give up others. Therefore, college students should use their own skills to establish business or interpersonal networks.
Many college students have almost participated in various societies and official or unofficial public welfare organizations inside and outside the school. Because of their public welfare, these projects basically rely on fundraising to maintain their operations. However, some projects have begun to explore the construction of a firewall between business and public welfare, so that public welfare can continue to run. For example, it is linked to charitable donations in the form of participating in projects, consulting, reading, marathon and sports synchronization. On the one hand, they gather traffic and realize it through advertising, e-commerce and finance. On the other hand, they have achieved public welfare and created great social value. As a non-profit organization, it needs to innovate its business model, changing the original model of relying on government grants and social donations into a long-term operation model of replacing the government's purchase of accurate services and third-party procurement services with products and services.
9. imitation-oriented
This is the safest option, and it is also the first choice for many entrepreneurs when they choose entrepreneurial projects for the first time. After all, the street is full of slogans of "imitation is also innovation", so we see that many entrepreneurs still choose according to the entrepreneurial path decades ago, or chase hot spots, but these hot spots and hot spots are all hot spots laid out by venture capital institutions in advance, and the timing is artificially detonated, with the aim of speculating the whole track and attracting follow-up financing or taking over.
This entrepreneurial option is no longer suitable for the current entrepreneurial project selection. Imitation seems to have the lowest cost, but in fact the system cost is the highest. After all, before, everyone could squeeze industrial profits through imitation, demographic dividends and policy dividends. Now, it is impossible to compete by low prices, because opponents are free or even paid. Imitation strategy and following strategy can not only complete shuffling, but also set the overall situation. Imitation itself is a reflection of the lack of innovation and its own core competence, and it does not have the value of being acquired by giants or capital.
But it also includes other entrepreneurial opportunities, such as serving the projects and individuals chasing the wind and doing third-party services-becoming a canvas seller and a water seller on the gold rush.
The service industry has always been a hot spot for imitators. At present, there are many opportunities for imitation, but it should also be integrated and upgraded with online, big data, new retail and other fields.
10. Personal IP network celebrities
With the emergence of media such as self-media, the network celebrity economy or attention economy has become a wave in the new economic wave. By creating personal IP, attract the attention of the media and the public, attract media resources and traffic resources, and then realize commercial realization through grafting projects.
Both Sister Furong, who showed off her figure before, MC Tianyou, who was drunk by one person, and Ma Jiajia and papi sauce, which have been commercialized, quickly exploded into a temporary network celebrity because they grasped the preferences of consumers, and realized commercial realization.
In addition, in the past two years, with the release of the dividend of the double innovation policy, some Jia Yueting-style PPT-brush entrepreneurial network reds began to appear. They went to fight for rankings and bonuses, linked to local policies, got subsidies, and were labeled as rookie after X0. It is basically difficult to see their project products in the market, but they shine in the spotlight of major media and become online celebrities themselves. Some will realize the network celebrity traffic on the project and introduce capital into the product, while others will cross the border to the entertainment circle.
The key of this model still depends on personal characteristics and content stickiness, as well as the ultimate business orientation.
At present, the country's policy orientation and venture capital are focused on Industry-University-Research, especially the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, which contains a large number of gold mines and huge business opportunities. Image source: vision china
1 1. Agent-oriented
Whether it is joining an online celebrity tea shop, a lottery shop or a brand-new online celebrity campus agent, it is a good starting point for starting a business, and you can become a store manager, campus agent and regional general agent with strong corporate backing and market support, similar to becoming a distributor and agent of traditional enterprises in previous decades.
However, in the process of participation, we must also keep a business mind. De-intermediation, manufacturers killing donkeys, platform policy, etc. Will have an impact and subversion on entrepreneurship.
As aborigines in the online world, college students are used to online life and shopping. They should pay attention to the transformation of business by new models, big data, blockchain and other technologies, and look for suitable business opportunities during this period.
Policy orientation.
At present, the policy orientation mainly focuses on two aspects, one is that college students return to their hometowns to start businesses, and the other is the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
At present, the policy of college students returning to their hometowns to start businesses has become a key part of the rural revitalization strategy. Some cities and counties have already laid out in advance at the local high school stage, and established relevant communities to interact in time.