The political system of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties;

(1) In 2070 BC, Yu established the Xia Dynasty, and his son succeeded him. The hereditary system of the throne replaced the abdication system, and the clan relationship became the basic political relationship. Xia Dynasty was the first slave country in China. The ruling center is in Du Yangcheng (now Dengfeng East, Henan) in the west of Henan and the south of Shaanxi.

(2) BC 1600, the capital of the dynasty was Bo (now Zhengzhou, Henan). In the middle period, Pan Geng moved to Yin (Anyang, Henan). In Shang dynasty, nobles took blood relationship as a link and practiced patriarchal clan system. Theocracy and kingship are closely combined.

③ Zhou Wuwang was founded in BC 1046. In 77 1 year BC, the western dog Rong attacked Haojiang, killed it, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished. After the establishment of the Zhou dynasty, the system of enfeoffment was implemented to rule.

Xia Shang Zhou is a tribal country, and the political system they created has a strong tribal color, forming a political system with patriarchal clan system as the core.

The enfeoffment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty;

The enfeoffment system, that is, the meaning of enfeoffment system, is the enfeoffment system of governors in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The system of enfeoffment is also to establish a hierarchy of clans. Not only did Zhou Tianzi enfeoffment the princes, but the princes also enfeoffment their own descendants or other nobles in the country, giving them certain land. Doctor Qing also had to enfeoffment in his fief, and later he became a scholar and was assigned to the fief; Sergeant, there's no bag under here.

(1) Purpose:

To consolidate the power of the Zhou royal family, firstly, it is necessary to "screen Zhou by feudal relatives", secondly, it is necessary to prevent Shang adherents from rebelling, and thirdly, it is necessary to meet the needs of the growing population and expanding territory.

② Main contents:

(1) The King of Zhou enfeoffed the princes outside Ji Wang (the objects were princes, heroes and the first generation nobles), and asked them to establish vassal states, defend their territory and the royal family.

(2) The vassals undertook the obligation to pay tribute and tribute to the King of Zhou, and participated in expeditions, sacrifices and funerals with the King of Zhou.

(3) Features:

Zhou Wang is the supreme ruler of the country and the master of the world. The vassal is the vassal of the king of Zhou and must obey the orders of the king of Zhou.

(4) Function:

(1) through the packet, the sphere of influence of Zhou people has been expanding.

(2) Through enfeoffment, the aristocratic ruling group in the Western Zhou Dynasty formed a hierarchical sequence of "King of Zhou-vassal-Qing, doctor-scholar".

(3) Through the enfeoffment of the King of Zhou, the position of * * * in the world was established, and the ruling effect was strengthened.

(4) The decline of the royal family in the late Western Zhou Dynasty led to the hegemony of princes.

Patriarchal system in the Western Zhou Dynasty;

(1) Core content:

The core content of patriarchal clan system is the eldest son inheritance system. That is, the eldest son inherits his father's suzerain status and the illegitimate child is enfeoffed. The legal heirs of the son of heaven, the vassal, and Doctor Qing are first of all the eldest sons of the philosophers. Even if the illegitimate child is older than his son, he cannot be an heir.

(2) Features:

(1) The eldest son has a dual relationship with the enfeoffment son. They are brothers by blood and ministers by politics. The division of large and small clans makes clear the political subordination of the lower nobility to the upper nobility and all nobles to the son of heaven.

(2) Patriarchal clan system only applies to aristocrats with the same surname, and the relationship with aristocrats with different surnames is linked by marriage.

(3) Function:

(1) Patriarchal clan system, that is, clan regulations, is a kind of power inheritance system, which perfects and consolidates the enfeoffment system and prevents disputes between nobles due to power inheritance.

(2) It takes the blood relationship as the link and the relationship between monarch and minister as the discipline, which ensures the political monopoly and privileged position of the nobility and maintains the stability and unity within the aristocratic ruling group.

The connection between enfeoffment system and patriarchal clan system;

(1) The two are mutual.

(2) All of them form a strict hierarchy.

(3) Marquis of enfeoffment countries enjoy hereditary sovereignty in enfeoffment countries.

(4) They were all part of the early political system in China, with a strong tribal color.

⑤ They all had a profound impact on China society.