Changchun is a beautiful city, although it is much younger than those ancient cities in China. But in the storm of nearly a hundred years, she is also a complex city; It used to be a city of suffering.
In World War II, it was as important as Stalingrad and Berlin. What can prove his experience and status may be these Japanese-style buildings standing silently in Changchun. Changchun can't help but mention Manchukuo, a city that grew up in modern times. Although it has experienced a history of 14 years as the capital of the puppet Manchukuo, this history is also a part of the city's history. At present, the historical traces of Japanese colonization still remain, which makes Changchun's planning features, urban features and architectural features more distinctive in domestic urban agglomerations.
The Japanese army's construction behavior in Changchun is an urban plan made under the auspices of the Japanese Kwantung Army Command, and it is determined to build new Beijing into a city with a concentric inward structure and become a political, financial and cultural center city of the puppet Manchukuo in terms of urban functions.
In terms of architecture, the world's most famous urban planning and design masters were invited to design according to the pattern of the capital, and the building materials were also first-class. Many buildings use refractory clay bricks, which are still very strong. The Japanese Kwantung Army Command concentrated a group of Japanese experts and professors as urban construction consultants, and the Daxinjing Urban Construction Plan was formulated by the Manchurian Railway Construction Bureau and the pseudo-the State Council state-owned assets.
Changchun is the only city in China (Paris, Canberra) that imitates foreign capitals. Although the implementation of urban planning was a colonial act of the Japanese invaders, it objectively made Changchun's urban construction achieve a leap.
The main road of Changchun, the famous renmin street and People's Square, starts from the station square in the north and runs through the downtown area in the south, with a total length of 13.7 km, which is the longest street in the urban area. Except for the northern section from the station to Shengli Park, which is 36 meters wide, the rest is 54 meters wide, making it one of the widest streets in the urban area. Most of the magnificent buildings, major parks and green spaces in the urban area are on its sides. People's Square is the largest downtown square, connecting many main streets leading to all directions in the urban area.
Around People's Square, there are six buildings, including the office building of Changchun Municipal Committee (newly built in the former site of the new Beijing Special Municipal Office of the Puppet Manchukuo), Changchun Public Security Bureau (the former site of the Puppet Manchukuo Capital Police Department), Netcom Changchun Branch (the former site of the Puppet Manchukuo Telecom and Telephone Company), China People's Bank Changchun Central Branch (the former site of the Puppet Manchukuo Central Bank), Changchun Workers' Cultural Palace and Jilin Hotel, which have been designated as urban purple line protection blocks by Changchun City. Because of its short history, Changchun was designed by the Japanese as a city with a population of 500 thousand at that time, so Changchun was smaller than the other two provincial capitals in Northeast China.
This road is called Xinmin Avenue, which is equivalent to Chang 'an Avenue in Beijing half a century ago. On both sides of the street are eight departments of the puppet Manchukuo. At the end of the street, on one side is the majestic Geological Palace and Cultural Square, and on the other side is Xinmin Square, the lung of Changchun-Nanhu Lake. This two-lane street is probably one of the best green streets in China. The isolation belt several meters wide in the middle is planted with tall Korean pine, and there are seats for pedestrians to rest. Standing on one side of the street, the line of sight is completely blocked by trees, and you can't see the other side of the street at all.
It is reported that from 65438 to 0934, the whole city was hidden in the green ocean, so it had the reputation of "urban mountain forest" and "forest capital". By 1942, Changchun occupied 2,272 square meters of green space per capita, which was 1 times that of Washington, and five times that of Japanese big cities, ranking first among the world's big cities, and became famous internationally for a time. This report is not necessarily credible, because afforestation needs a process. After 1949, Changchun was called Spring City.
Changchun has an excellent ecological environment. In 2002, it was named "National Environmental Protection Model City" by the State Environmental Protection Administration. China is the third provincial capital city to win this honor after Hangzhou and Haikou, and its good ecological environment has won Changchun the reputation of "forest city".
It is reported that Changchun is one of the four major garden cities in China (Changchun, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Kunming).
Changchun is the most common among many cities in Northeast China. She has no beautiful Songhua River in Harbin, no low mountain in Tonghua, and no beautiful coastal harbor like Dalian. Changchun has no luxurious business and no crowded traffic. Because of the cooperation of flowers and trees all over the city, Changchun is known as "forest city" for its excellent urban greening. According to the relevant national regulations, by 20 10, the green coverage rate of provincial capital cities should reach 35%, while Changchun exceeded 37% as early as 1994. Changchun people enjoy green infiltration more than ten years earlier than people in other cities.
At present, the green coverage rate of Changchun urban area has reached 4 1.5%. Flowers bloom in spring, full of green in summer, colorful leaves in autumn and snowy in winter, which is a true portrayal of the changes of "expression" in Changchun throughout the year. Although Changchun is known as "automobile city", "film city", "science and technology city", "sculpture city" and "forest city", Changchun locals are more accustomed to calling Changchun "spring city".
Changchun is the greenest city in Asia and the first forest city in China (including Jingyue New District, the forest coverage rate is close to 80%). The streets are lined with trees, and the largest artificial forest in Asia is Jingyuetan National Forest Park, with an area of 150 square kilometers. Jingyuetan Forest Park has the largest artificial forest in Asia, just like a huge "lung leaf" in Changchun, which makes Changchun people feel that living in the forest, sunshine, air and water are the best.
Changchun is the city with the highest proportion of students in China University (1 10,000/4.8 million). At present, Jilin University is the largest and most comprehensive university in China. People often joke that Changchun is located in the beautiful Jilin University. Jilin University has merged several schools, so there are many branches. Although the above statement is interesting, it also shows from another side that there are many colleges and universities in Changchun, and the cultural content of this city is among the best in the country.