Locke was the first person who systematically expounded constitutional democracy and advocated people's "natural human rights". He advocates defending people's life, freedom and property rights. His political ideas have also profoundly influenced the United States, France, Britain and other western countries. The two essays on government written from 1689 to 1690 are Locke's most important political papers. The first one is a refutation of Sir Robert Fellmer's "Ancestors' Theory on the Natural Rights of Kings". Locke strongly refuted Fellmer's claim about divine right of monarchy. In the second view, Locke argues that the power of the ruler should come from the consent of the ruled and be established. It is to protect social security and human natural rights. When what the government does goes against this goal, the people have the right to take action and even take back power through violence. Locke supports the theory of social contract. However, he also stressed that the social contract theory can be abolished. He also believes that everyone is equal and can do things by himself without harming the interests of others. It is precisely because everyone has the right to work independently and freely. Locke further pointed out that everyone is the master of his own body, and this kind of personal ownership can create wealth and is the only source of wealth. Starting from this conclusion, Locke especially praised the role of personal property in human rights. He clearly pointed out that personal property is the material carrier and development foundation of human rights. "Selfless production is selfless right". Locke's "natural rights" include the right to life, freedom and property rights. Locke was also the first person to advocate the distribution of power. He divided political power into legislative power, executive power and external power, and thought that legislative power was higher than the other two rights, but legislative power still had to be restricted by the people. When people find that legislative acts conflict with their entrustment, they still enjoy the supreme power to recall or replace the legislature. In addition, legislative power belongs to parliament, executive power belongs to the king, and external power involves peace and war, diplomacy and alliance. It was also exercised by the king. This theory was developed by the later French philosopher Montesquieu (Montesquieu/KOOC-0/689 65438+/KOOC-0/0/8 ~/KOOC-0/755 February/KOOC-0/0). Locke's political thought played a great role in the later political development. Locke's liberalism is regarded as sacred by the United States and has become a national ideal. His thoughts deeply influenced American politicians such as Thomas Jefferson and triggered a vigorous revolutionary wave in the United States. Locke's influence is even stronger in France. Voltaire was the first person to spread Locke's thought to France. The French Enlightenment and even the French Revolution are all related to Locke's thought. Locke systematically put forward the theory of "natural human rights" for the first time to oppose the concept of "divine right of monarchy" He summarized the basic requirements put forward in the British revolution as freedom, life and property rights, and described them as natural human rights.