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There is a key sentence "foresight" in the full text. What is the opposite? How to describe them in a comparative way?
Question 1: At the beginning of the first dialogue, Cao Gui raised the key question of "how to fight" before the war. What did Zhuang Gong say? What do you see from it?
One of the "cannibals despise"-Zhuang Gong pinned his hope of winning on the support of his near ministers and the protection of God.
One of Cao Gui's "farsightedness"-it is just "small kindness and small benefit" and "small faith" (god-man), emphasizing the importance of "people's obedience" and "wealth", and explaining that winning the trust of the people in politics is the premise of winning the war-Confucianism-Mencius's "harmony between the right time and the right place"
Question 2: What can we learn from the different command styles of Zhuang Gong and Cao Gui in the second paragraph?
The Despise of Carnivores Part II —— What does Zhuang Gong's "Beating gongs and drums" and "Chasing them" show? -Don't observe the enemy's situation in battle, be impatient and rash;
Cao Gui's second "vision"-two "impossible" and two "feasible"-is to face calmly, be well prepared and be good at mastering fighters.
Question 3: What do you see from the analysis of the reasons for winning the battle in the third paragraph?
The third part of the contempt of carnivores-"both grams" and not knowing "its reason" shows that you don't understand military affairs at all.
The third part of Cao Gui's "foresight"-the word "husband" brings out two meanings in turn-a strategist with foresight.
Summary: It vividly shows that winning the trust of the people in politics, using correct strategies and tactics, and mastering fighters are the necessary conditions for weak countries to defeat powerful countries. Through the dialogue between the characters, Cao Gui's "foresight" and "cannibalism" are in sharp contrast.
5, free to question the difficulty of understanding, the teacher answered questions and added.
6. From this article, we might as well "guess" and see what features Zuo Zhuan has in writing.
① Detailed arrangement and cutting of historical materials. This is determined by the focus of the article-the focus of this article is not the process of this battle, but Cao Gui's record and his exposition of this war. This is different from the general war history books.
(2) concise language, the so-called "historian brushwork". For example, the article does not directly use derogatory language against Lu Zhuanggong, but we can clearly see his political and military incompetence-"only read what he does" and "know what he says". When writing about the Qi army, they only use the word "three drums", which shows that they are eager to win by relying on their numerical superiority.
You can also give an example: for example, when writing about the rout of the Jin army in the battle of Jin and Chu, you can only say that "the Chinese army and the lower army are fighting for a boat, and the finger in the boat can be used." The first person who boarded the ship cut off the hand of the person who climbed the ship's rail with a knife in order to fight for the ship's escape. The finger that fell into the ship turned out to be "clumsy"!
(3) Clever use of contrast makes Cao Gui's image vivid. The contrast between Cao Gui and the "villagers" highlights Cao Gui's sense of responsibility and political enthusiasm for defending the country against the enemy. Through the contrast between Cao Gui and Zhuang Gong, and the contrast between Zhuang Gong's frankness and impetuousness and Cao Gui's alertness and prudence, the image of a visionary counselor from a lower background comes to the fore.
Born in sorrow, died in happiness;
Pay attention to the pause of the following sentences:
(1) Shun/Fa/Mu,/Ju/Banzhu, Glue/Ju/Fish Salt, Guan Yiwu/Ju/Shi, Sun Shuaiao/Ju/Hai, Bixi/Ju/Cheng.
(2) ..... must first suffer/his mind, work/his bones and muscles, hunger/his body and skin, emptiness/his body, movement/chaos/what he has done, so he is tempted/patient and has benefited/what he can't do.
The central argument of this paper is "born in sorrow, died in happiness".
The author demonstrates it from two aspects: individual and country. The article first talks about the problem of cultivating talents. First, taking six dignitaries who came from humble origins and finally took on "great responsibilities" after all kinds of tempering as an example, it shows that talents are cultivated in a difficult environment, and at the same time attaches importance to people's subjective factors, and puts forward the viewpoint of "being trapped in the heart, weighing in consideration, and then acting". It is explained from two aspects that if people want to do something and achieve something, they must go through some difficult and even painful tempering in life, thought and behavior. Then the individual talks about the country, points out that the factors that determine the survival of the country are similar to those that determine whether an individual can achieve great things, and finally puts forward an argument.
2) What are the characteristics of this article in the method of argumentation?
This paper adopts the methods of analogy, example and comparison. For example, the analogy between cultivating talents and governing the country, such as listing six examples of people who have become successful in adversity, such as comparing great achievements with national subjugation, such as analyzing and demonstrating first, then summing up opinions and so on.
Xiaoshitang:
This lesson is located in Lesson 1, Unit 6, Book 2, Grade 8 Chinese. The texts selected in this unit are all ancient poems. Except for the last lesson, which is a five-character ancient poem, the other four lessons are ancient travel notes and notes of places of interest, which are all famous books that have always been told, and can well represent the characteristics of China's landscape literature. The Story of Little Stone Pond is the fourth of Liu Zongyuan's eight stories in Yongzhou. The full text is less than 200 words, but it clearly describes the whole process of the author's travel, sightseeing and return. The observation and description are meticulous, and the deep and cold scenery and atmosphere around Xiaoshitang are written. It looks like scenery, but it is actually heart-warming. The author conveys his lonely and sad mood in his relegated life in his scenery writing, which is a masterpiece of scene blending.
Xiao Shi Chi Ji is one of the Eight Records of Yongzhou written by Liu Zongyuan when he demoted Sima of Yongzhou. Although it is a travel book, it can't be read as a general travel book. Imagine how Liu Zongyuan, as a relegated official, felt when he traveled around the eight scenic spots in Yongzhou as a "guilty" person. I'm afraid there are many people who have fun in pain. The biggest feature of this paper is not how beautiful the scenery is written, how clever the technique is, nor is it a general sense of scene blending, but that people are in the scenery and have feelings in their hearts. "Smelling the sound of water" can certainly make the author "happy", and the "wandering" of swimming fish can also make the author feel happy with it. However, the author's identity and situation caused the unsynchronization and contrast between his external sensory feelings and his internal spiritual feelings. The more elegant and quiet the environment, the more unbearable loneliness and loneliness the author feels. Sentimental because of the beautiful scenery, it suddenly ended at the climax. The sudden touch of mood made the author almost escape from the small stone pond that just brought him happiness and had to return to real life. Otherwise, we can't understand the complex connotation of "living too long is too clear".
(1) What scenery does the first paragraph describe? What exact verbs did the author use to describe the discovery of Xiaoshitang?
Qing: Diabolo, underwater sound, small pool, green trees and vines beside the pool. This paper describes the discovery of Xiaoshitang with verbs such as "ge", "wen", "de", "qu" and "jian", and points out that Xiaoshitang is remote. Pave the way for writing "lonely and unmanned" environment and "its environment is too clear" later.
(2) What is the wording of this paragraph?
Qing: The writing method is to smell its sound first, then see its shape, and "change the scene". The author doesn't stop at one point, but walks forward and leads us to see different scenery, much like a landscape film.
. The author describes the pool water from the angles of fish swimming, sunshine and shadow. Through the specific scenery, write with static and dynamic pictures, without any abstract explanation, without writing a word in the whole paragraph, only depicting a picture, but writing water everywhere. Watching fish swim in the water is like floating in the air without any support. This shows that the water is clear, clear as if transparent. When the sun shines, the fish's shadow falls on the stone at the bottom of the pool, which shows that the water is clear. Although there is no water written on the front here, the water is really clear through the description of fish, sunshine and shadows. Just like when a painter paints a style, he uses branches to float to one side to express the visual expression of the wind. This method of landscape description is called profile description. Read repeatedly to understand the thoughts and feelings of the article.
Understand the methods of writing scenery and expressing emotions in articles.
Remember the night tour of Chengtian Temple?
Taste simple, natural and meaningful language.
Cultivate the ability to express feelings in plain language.
Moral education permeates the study of the author's broad-minded mood and the cultivation of his own good personality.
The penetration point of aesthetic education is to appreciate the natural beauty of moonlight in the text and feel the beauty of the author's broad mind.
Night Tour in Chengtian Temple is an essay by Su Shi. Written during Su Shi's demotion to Huangzhou. The full text is only more than 80 words, but it uses narrative, description, lyric and other expressions to create an artistic world in Leng Yan and convey the author's open-minded and optimistic mood. The language of this article is neat and expressive, which can be said to be a masterpiece of lyricism.
In the article "Why is there no moon at night? Why are there no bamboos and cypresses at night? Obviously, it doesn't match the reality, because there is no moonlight every night, and bamboo and cypress are everywhere. How do you understand the meaning of this sentence? After group discussion, students will understand that although the moonlight is not bright every night, and bamboo and cypress are not everywhere, the beauty of nature is everywhere. As long as you are open-minded and indifferent to fame and fortune, you can enjoy endless fun in the beautiful nature no matter where you are. It is through "which night" and "where" that the author points out this true meaning. This is also the reason why the author can remain optimistic and enterprising. On the basis of this question, we further ask: how to understand the "leisure" in "but there are fewer idle people than my ears"? It is easy for students to understand Su Shi's optimistic and open-minded mood.
(* _ _ *) Hee hee ... Some of them are borrowed from our teacher.