This paper introduces the classification, methods and new technologies of engineering structure test, and expounds the development of structural test. Finally, the development prospect of the new technology of civil engineering structure test and load detection is prospected.

Keywords: structural testing; Structural testing; Methods; New technology; develop

1 Introduction

Engineering structure is a combination of different types of load-bearing members (such as beams, columns, plates, etc.). ) of engineering materials. In order to design the engineering structure reasonably, engineers and technicians must master the actual stress and deformation state of the engineering structure under the above-mentioned various actions, and understand the actual strength, safety reserve, stiffness and crack resistance of each component of the engineering structure. Engineering structure test is to test the relevant data of the structure under various actions, reflecting the working performance, bearing capacity and corresponding safety of the structure or component, and providing an important basis for the safe use of the structure and the establishment of related theories.

2 Classification of engineering structure tests

2. 1 scientific research experiment

The research experiment aims at research and exploration, and its task is to verify various assumptions of structural design and calculation through experiments, put forward new structural theories, seek new and more reasonable calculation methods, or conduct systematic experimental research for developing a new structure, new materials and new technology. During the test, specially designed or specially designed test devices and advanced measuring instruments should be used to observe the performance of the test object under various loads in detail, obtain reliable data, find out the rules, and provide necessary parameters for design and construction. The test object of research test is called specimen or test component.

2.2 Production Qualification Test

The production appraisal test aims at directly serving the production, taking the real structure as the object, checking whether it meets the specifications or design requirements, and making correct technical conclusions. This kind of test is usually used to solve the following problems: 1) construction technology test and completion acceptance test of major construction projects. 2) The building needs to change its use function for expansion, adding stories or increasing its use load. 3) Reliability appraisal of historic and commemorative ancient buildings, modern buildings or other public buildings. 4) Handling engineering accidents. 5) Product quality inspection.

3 methods and principles of engineering structure test

In the engineering structure test, in order to fully understand the actual working condition of the structure or specimen under the load, that is, to truly and correctly reflect the working condition of the structure, it is necessary to use various instruments and equipment to measure some parameters reflected by the structure, thus providing scientific basis for analyzing the working state of the structure. Therefore, before starting the test, it is necessary to draw up a test plan for the test, which usually includes the following aspects: (1) According to the requirements of the whole test purpose,