1. Topic selection: Choose a topic with certain research value and practical significance. You can refer to academic journals, conference papers and tutors' suggestions to ensure that the topic is innovative and forward-looking

2. Literature review: refer to the literature related to the subject to understand the frontier trends and research status in the research field. Summarize and evaluate the main theories and methods in the research field, and provide theoretical basis and reference for your own research.

3. Research design: According to the results of literature review, the research purpose, research questions and research hypotheses were defined. Formulate appropriate research methods and technical routes, and determine the research object and sample size.

4. Data collection and analysis: according to the research design, collect relevant data. The data are sorted, processed and analyzed, and the research hypothesis is tested by statistical methods.

5. Discussion of results: Analyze and explain the experimental results, and compare and discuss with the theories in literature review. Point out the limitations and shortcomings of the research, and put forward suggestions for improvement and perfection.

6. Thesis writing: according to the structural requirements of academic papers, write the text of the papers. Generally, it includes abstract, introduction, literature review, research methods, achievements and discussions, conclusions and other parts. Pay attention to the format, language and logic of the paper.

7. References: List all references cited in the paper and arrange them in the prescribed format. Ensure the accuracy and completeness of references.

8. Revise and improve: After completing the first draft, carefully check the content and format of the paper and revise and improve it. You can consult your tutor and classmates and revise the paper many times to improve the quality of the paper.

9. Submission and review: Submit the paper to relevant academic journals or conferences and wait for review opinions. Revise and improve according to peer review opinions until the paper is accepted and published.

10. defense preparation: if you need to participate in defense, you need to prepare defense materials in advance, such as PPT and draft report. Complement and improve peer review opinions and make full preparations for the defense.