There is a copy below,,, but I posted it. It's basically an advertisement, but the background description in front is a work, you can have a look. .
Guide to gene decoding
Speaking of breast cancer gene decoding, our first thought is that Angelina Jolie has done breast cancer gene decoding and had a preventive double mastectomy. This is because she inherited a mutant cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA 1 gene from her mother. When she found that she had BRCA 1/2 gene mutation like her mother, the probability of breast cancer was as high as 87%, so she chose preventive resection. Although this incident caused an uproar in public opinion, it is most important to call on more women to carry out susceptibility gene testing and pay attention to breast cancer as soon as possible and benefit from it.
What is breast cancer susceptibility gene?
Among breast cancer susceptibility genes, we are most concerned about BRCA 1 and BRCA2 genes, both of which belong to tumor suppressor genes and are mainly involved in DNA damage repair and maintaining DNA integrity. BRCA 1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are the causes of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in most autosomal dominant families, especially BRCA2 gene mutations are more closely related to male breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer in patients with BRCA gene mutation is significantly increased, and it is easy to get sick at an early age.
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women. In 2007, the number of new cases of breast cancer worldwide was10.3 million, and more than 460,000 patients died of breast cancer. In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer in China ranks first among female malignant tumors, and it is increasing by more than 3% year by year. It is estimated that more than 40,000 women die of this disease every year in China. Its pathogenesis is mainly summarized as genetic susceptibility, endocrine disorder and transmission of virus particles through breastfeeding. About 5% of breast cancer is caused by gene mutation, and the tumor suppressor genes BRCA 1 and BRCA2 are closely related to the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The probability of BRCA 1 mutation developing breast cancer before the age of 40 is as high as 19%.
Besides BRCA 1 and BRCA2 genes, are there any other genes that can also cause breast cancer? -There are still many susceptibility genes leading to breast cancer, so Julie is a BRCA 1/2 gene mutation, and the others are not necessarily.
Individual gene difference is an important factor leading to breast cancer: the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of tumors are the cumulative and gradual evolution process of multiple gene mutations, involving the interaction of multiple genes and signal pathways. The occurrence and development of breast cancer is considered to be an evolutionary process from benign ductal epithelial hyperplasia to atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia, which forms ductal carcinoma in situ through the complex interaction of genes and signal pathways, then progresses to invasive ductal carcinoma, and finally occurs distant metastasis through lymphatic and blood routes. In addition to BRCA 1 and BRCA2 genes, there are many gene mutations that can lead to breast cancer.
Xue Jiaji carefully designed dozens of gene loci related to breast cancer, and conducted risk investigation and timely prevention for the majority of women, especially high-risk groups with family genetic history.
What is the significance of noninvasive genetic testing for breast cancer?
Familial breast cancer is defined as having two blood relatives in the family suffering from breast cancer and other malignant tumors, such as ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and gastric cancer. , accounting for 5%-10% of the breast cancer population; A small number of hereditary breast cancer breast cancer is sporadic in distribution and has no family history, because breast cancer-related mutant genes are carried by male family members and cannot form breast cancer phenotype. Hereditary breast cancer has the characteristics of early onset and family aggregation. Healthy members of the family who are related to the patient may also carry the mutation of the disease-causing gene, and the risk of breast cancer will be greatly increased for women who carry these mutations. Taking BRCA 1 and BRCA2 genes as examples, the risk of cancer of carriers is as high as 60-70%. High-risk groups who meet the family genetic susceptibility conditions should be tested for breast cancer gene mutation, and the age of women with gene mutation should be at least 10 years earlier.