Abstract: Biography of Historical Records has made great achievements in shaping historical figures.

With high achievements, the methods of describing characters mainly include: selecting materials and arranging materials accurately;

Putting the characters at the forefront of contradictions and conflicts is self-evident; Successful use of Chinese; trend

Different genders.

Keywords: "Historical Records" material contradictory language tendency

The Historical Records, praised by Mr. Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme", is not only for

It is highly praised by historians of past dynasties and is a model of China literature. It is based on the description of characters.

Center, record the life story of the characters, to reflect the history, and fully concentrated.

Depict a character's character. There are many characters in Historical Records, from princes to princes to peddlers.

All kinds of pawns and characters are unique and lifelike. How was Sima Qian shaped?

What about the person who created the image?

First, carefully select and arrange materials locally.

Historical Records reflects history by recording the life stories of characters.

There are many things to do in personal life, and the author's vivid image first benefits from

Correct selection of materials.

Sima Qian wrote at the back of The Family Who Stay in Hou: "(Liu Hou) is at peace with the world.

It is said that there are many things that have happened in the world, and there is nothing preserved in the world, so there is nothing. "In Liu Bang's own words.

He said: "I am not as good as an ovary, because I won the battle thousands of miles away." Visible table

Liang and Liu Bang often talk about what's going on in the world. However, Sima Qian only chose in Leaving Houjia.

Sean's personality is an important event related to the survival of the world. Confucianism, Bangpei and Gongpei

Solve the danger of Hong Men to show loyalty and courage; Advise Hanwang to use Qing Bu, Peng Yue,

Han Xin's destruction of Chu shows that he has the overall situation of the war, knowing people and being good at their duties. Stop Liu Bangfu with admonition

Establish six countries to describe his insight and evaluate the situation; The sense of urgency after success.

Liu Yong retired to show his understanding of Liu Bang and his gratitude for avoiding disasters. Through several typical examples

Things, vividly shaped a resourceful, good at preserving our sanity history.

Characters.

Choosing typical cases is the general principle of Sima Qian's characterization and success.

Basic methods of portraying characters.

Take Biography of Xiang Yu as an example: Xiang Yu was a legendary figure in the uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty.

Colorful heroes. His outstanding character is brave and straightforward,

Bad strategy; And willful, cruel, fierce, and ultimately lead to failure. Yes, like this.

A cynical and arrogant tragic figure who suddenly fell down in eight years.

Ma Qian mainly described three major events at the turning point of his success or failure. One is

The battle of the giant deer, the second is the Hongmen banquet, and the third is the siege of Gaixia. Xiang Yu made his fortune in the giant deer all his life.

The battle was defeated by Gaixia, and the Hongmen banquet was the turning point of his success or failure. "The stag.

"War" wrote how he denounced the current situation, bravely crowned his own army, eliminated Qin Jun's main force and became a world leader.

Purpose hero. "The Red Gate Banquet" wrote that he was sincere and naive, courageous and foolhardy, and could not bear to die.

Ignore opponents, miss opportunities, and sow the seeds of trouble and failure for yourself in the future. "Pay attention to it.

"Outside" wrote that he generously left his concubine and bravely broke through to kill the enemy, because he was "ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong."

And then committed suicide in Wujiang. This series of events fully demonstrated his courage, frankness and politics.

Childish, but also shows his heroism, reflecting a generation of Xiang Yu.

Internal and external causes of failure.

Historical Records describes people, although it mainly describes their major social activities, but

Sometimes it also describes some trivial things that seem to be far away from the main events. Some descriptions seem to

Idle writing doesn't matter, but it plays a role in showing the development of characters' thoughts and personalities.

Function. Or take Xiang Yu's biography as an example. The article describes Xiang Yu's childhood at the beginning.

Two things:

When Ji Xiang was young, he couldn't learn books, but he couldn't learn swords. Xiang Liang flew into a rage. Yue Ji:

"Books are enough to remember names; Sword, one enemy, lack of learning, learn from ten thousand enemies. " So this term

Liang Naijiao's Art of War. He was overjoyed and knew a little, but he refused to study. ...

Qin Shihuang traveled to Huiji and crossed Zhejiang. Liang shared his views with his family. Ji said, "He can take that place."

Yeah! "

These two paragraphs' descriptions of Xiang Yu's boyhood are not necessary to go down in history, but also

It is not the main plot of Xiang Yu's story, but it has already seen Xiang Yu's bravery and rudeness.

Tame personality and whimsical ambition.

It can be seen that "Historical Records" mainly focuses on characters writing great events, but it also chooses some small things to enrich it.

Full of characters is helpful to show the development of characters' thoughts and highlight them clearly.

The history of things' individuality.

Second, putting the characters at the forefront of contradictions and conflicts is self-evident.

Another important feature of the characters in Historical Records is that they have strong stories.

Make love. Writing about a character's life is neither a straightforward introduction nor a quiet introduction.

Stop introducing the words and deeds of the characters, but write about the relationships, contradictions and

Conflict constitutes a winding and moving story, which is fascinating. In Xiang Yu's biography

The section "Hongmen Banquet" is very representative.

The section "The Hongmen Banquet" reflects Xiang and Liu through the descriptions before and after the banquet.

The sharp contradiction between the two sides for the world not only shows that Liu Sheng.

The development trend of the defeat, but also showed a distinct personality.

Fan Zeng accused Xiang Zhuang of assassinating Liu Bang on the pretext of taking advantage of the longevity of sword dancing, and realized it.

The climax of the story. Xiang Bo rose up to "shelter" Liu Bang, and the struggle between Liu and Xiang Xiang was caused by Xiang Yu.

Internal contradictions are suspended. Zhang knew there was danger, so he called guard Fan Kuai.

Kuang said, "I had to do it. Please come in and share my life with me. " Kuang entered the army with a sword and shield.

Door, halberd guard to stop, Fan Kuai hit its shield, halberd guard fell to the ground, thud.

Enter, stand in the west, look at the king, hair pointing up, eyes chapped. Wang Xiang pressed his sword.

You qi yue ...

In the case of this sword, Xiang Yu did not realize the struggle at all.

Sharp, but praised Fan Kuai as a "strong man" and gave him wine and food. When Fan Kuai is "righteousness"

Xiang Yu, in fact, Xiang Yu consciously indefensible "failed to respond." We seem to have really seen this project.

Wang was fooled by the rhetoric of Liu Bang and Fan Kuai, but he felt ashamed and guilty.

Modality.

In the struggle of the hongmen banquet, the advantage was originally on xiang yu's side, but because of xiang yu.

Simple-minded, headstrong, full of contradictions, not following the advice of counselor Fan Zeng,

Turn a blind eye to Xiang Bo's informers, "dodge" opponents, and miss opportunities again and again.

Liu bang was left out in the cold, from active to passive.

Third, the successful use of language.

Historical Records is also very creative in the use of language and has its greatest characteristics.

Be good at expressing your attitude and sexual orientation in spoken language that conforms to the identity of the characters.

In order to achieve this goal, many places strive to be colloquial, concise and vivid.

Vivid and colorful, let readers see their people and hear their voices. For example, in the Biography of Lv Buwei,

The situation of his son, Proton Zhao, is not ideal, so he wants to benefit.

Use him to "catch monsters" and "pity when you see them, saying,' This strange commodity can live in!'" ""this sentence fully shows.

The identity and psychology of Lv Buwei, a big businessman, are completely exposed.

In narrative language, he is good at grasping the character characteristics and events.

Typical meaning, often a few strokes can write a person alive. Some narrative languages are full of emotions.

Pei has a strong sense of perception.

Fourth, the trend is obvious.

In the biographies of Historical Records, we can clearly see that Sima Qian was right.

The attitude of praising and criticizing historical figures and the love-hate relationship shown. He said in the letter

Emperors are not just eulogized, but written about their achievements and actions.

And write their shortcomings to expose and criticize their dark rule and cruelty. He tong

Love the oppressed and exploited, and say no for the insulted and damaged.

Ping, this fully shows his realistic attitude, and it is his realistic spirit that makes historical figures look real and lifelike.

As can be seen from many of the above examples, Sima Qian used historical figures appropriately.

The attitude and spirit of fairness, justice, seriousness and being the first are extremely vivid and profound.

Show your love-hate tendencies. It is precisely because of the distinct tendency and superb

Combining with his writing skills, Sima Qian wrote such a masterpiece as Historical Records.

Things are vivid and touching. His careful selection and arrangement of materials,

The use of storytelling techniques, as well as the description of details and the contrast of scenes, are all texts of past dynasties.

Scientists admire it.

References:

Li Guoxiang. History selection. Bashu publishing house

[2] Zhang Renhe. An analysis of China's ancient literature. Higher education press.

[3] Wang Xiangfeng. The artistic skills of literature. Feng Chun Literature and Art Publishing House.

[4] Zhu Dongrun. On China's literature and history. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House.