Summary of standardized evaluation papers

The development of standardization is an important index reflecting the level of economic development and scientific and technological progress, which has attracted the attention of all countries in the world. This paper analyzes the related research of standardization evaluation from four aspects: the development of standardization, the determination of standard level, standardization system and standardization level, and points out that the development of standardization, the determination of standard level and the evaluation of standardization system cannot reflect the overall development of standardization, and there is no operational standardization evaluation index system at home and abroad, so the research on macro-standardization evaluation system at the national level needs to be further deepened.

A summary of standardized evaluation research

I. Introduction

The development practice of human society proves that in the process of economic development, standardization is an important guarantee measure to promote the development of socialized mass production, realize scientific modernization of governance, promote the popularization and application of advanced production organization and manufacturing technology, improve product quality and develop product varieties, eliminate waste and promote economy. With the increasing penetration of standardization into industry, science and technology, foreign trade and domestic circulation, standardization has increasingly become an important part of national policy. The development of standardization has also become one of the important signs reflecting a country's economic development level and scientific and technological progress, and it is also one of the focuses of attention of all countries in the world. For a long time, improving the standard and standardization level is the focus of standardization work in China. At present, the research on standardization evaluation at home and abroad mainly focuses on the development of standardization, the determination of standard level, standardization system and standardization level.

Second, the research progress of standardized evaluation

1. Summarize the development of standardization and study the existing problems.

Introduction to Standardization summarizes the development of standardization in China from the perspective of quantitative change of standards since the founding of the People's Republic of China. China National Institute of Standardization has made a comprehensive summary of China's standardization development from the aspects of standardization policies and regulations, standards development and existing standardization technology organizations in recent years. Some scholars have summarized and analyzed the standardization development of some industries in China, such as agriculture, logistics, service industry and information industry.

2. Research on standard level and standardization coefficient.

This paper analyzes the evaluation methods of standard level, and points out that the current evaluation methods of standard level only divide standard level into three types: international advanced level, international general level and domestic advanced level. This evaluation method has many shortcomings: first, the evaluation is not comprehensive enough; Second, the evaluation method is not objective enough; The third is out of touch with the market. It is considered that the evaluation of standard level should be comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of comparison with international standards, economic benefits of standards, social benefits of standards and compilation quality. The study of standardization coefficient points out that product standardization coefficient can be divided into four types: standardization coefficient, component standardization coefficient, repeatability coefficient and value standardization coefficient. The first three are calculated by the natural quantity of parts, and the value standardization coefficient is obtained by the cost accounting of products. The comprehensive application of the two indicators can better reflect the standardization level of products.

3. Research on standardized evaluation system

There are many studies on the implementation effect of standardization, especially on economic benefits. From 65438 to 0975, ISO published the report "Economic Effects of Standardization", which introduced the representative research results of various countries. For example, NAS 1524 in aerospace standards, USA: determination and calculation of standardized savings; The economic effect of national standardization proposed by Radona and Lassarilan in 1972; Principle of Industrial Standardization by Matsuura Shiro; ISO/STACO4830: Priority evaluation of international standardization of products, etc. In addition, in the mid-1970s, the former Soviet Union summarized the research results and practical experience of more than ten years, and successively promulgated seven national standards on standardized economic effect calculation methods. From 1983 to 1984, China has promulgated three standards for evaluating, demonstrating and calculating standardized economic effects, namely, GB 3533. 1-83, GB3533.2-84, and GB 3533.3. Under the conditions at that time, these standards did not attract enough attention. With the development of economy, scholars began to study this problem at the end of the 20th century, and discussed the improvement of economic effect evaluation method.

There are many studies on the economic benefits of standardization abroad, and the most prominent and influential one is Germany's study on the economic benefits of standardization. This study takes the impact of standardization on the economy as a whole. By analyzing the data of capital and labor force from 1960 to 1996, this paper investigates three indicators reflecting technological progress: the number of patents, the number and standard number of foreign patents purchased by Germany, and technical rules. Through regression analysis, standards have a positive incentive effect on technological innovation. Further research shows that technological innovation is the decisive factor of economic development, which must be achieved through the promotion and citation of standards and technical rules. In 200 1 year, the investment in German standardization reached 770 million euros, resulting in a benefit of1600 million euros, which means that one third of German national economic growth was created by standardization. Since then, Britain, Australia and Canada have used similar methods to study the economic benefits of their own standardization, and reached basically the same conclusion: standardization has a positive role in promoting the economy, but there is no consistent view on the contribution rate of standardization to economic growth.

4. Research on evaluation of standardization level

At present, there is little research on standardization level evaluation at home and abroad. Although there are many studies on recommended standards and economic benefits, these studies only evaluate the economic benefits of standardization, and do not comprehensively evaluate the overall level of standardization from a macro perspective. There are two main evaluation systems: industry standardization evaluation system and enterprise standardization evaluation system. Specifically, there are currently three comprehensive standardized evaluation systems:

(1) Macro indicator system at the national level. At present, a small number of documents have made exploratory research on standardized evaluation. From the literature, it is difficult to evaluate the standardized benefit indicators quantitatively because the national index system is rough. In particular, the standard benefits are only divided into economic benefits and social benefits, and there are no specific indicators, so it is difficult to operate specifically. Other indicators are also difficult to fully reflect the standardization level.

(2) The meso-index system at the industrial level. Among them, the relatively mature agricultural standardization evaluation index system consists of five first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators. The level of agricultural standardization in China is evaluated from the aspects of basic level, construction level, implementation level, economic benefit and ecological benefit. Generally speaking, the index system comprehensively reflects the development of standardization level from the characteristics of agriculture, but some indexes of the system are difficult to quantify and have not been applied in practical application.

(3) Micro-index system at enterprise level. There are many researches on enterprise standardization evaluation index system. On 199 1, the mechanical and electrical department of the former Ministry of Mechanical and Electrical Affairs of China issued the "Measures for the Evaluation of Standardization Level of Machinery Industry Enterprises". This method comprehensively evaluates the standardization level of enterprises from the aspects of standardization governance institutions, the quality of standardization-related personnel, standardization plan, funds and conditions, relevant standards that should be possessed, product standardization degree, standardization implementation status, conditions and means for implementing standards, standardization governance work, establishment of standard system with technical standards as the main body, additional projects, etc., including ten first-level indicators and their subordinate second-level indicators. However, some scholars have put forward a three-level index system, which is analyzed from four aspects: enterprise standardized governance, technical standard system, governance standard and working standard, and standard implementation ability. The second and third level indicators are more specific than the evaluation index system promulgated by the Ministry of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. The above two standardized evaluation systems of enterprises are aimed at industrial enterprises, and both use scoring method to determine the weight of each index, while the latter is divided more finely. However, these two index systems were compiled in the early 1990s and have not been widely applied and popularized in practice.

Third, the research summary of standardized evaluation system

The summary of standardization development, the judgment of standard level and the evaluation of standardization system can only reflect the national standardization level unilaterally, but can't make a clear judgment on the standardization level comprehensively. The basic principles and evaluation methods of the three-level standardized evaluation system of the country, industry and enterprise are basically the same. Standardized evaluation methods are still being explored, and scholars at home and abroad have put forward many evaluation methods, mainly including investigation method, guess evaluation method, parallel index comparison method and comprehensive method. In the existing standardized evaluation methods, the number and level of characteristic values of products, processes or services involved in the standards are taken as the basis for determining the level, while the determined criteria or reference frame are the standards of other countries or international standards. At present, there are some shortcomings in the research of standardized evaluation system, especially the setting of index system is very one-sided, and the selected indexes are not operable, which can not fully reflect the development of standardization. The research on standardized evaluation system is mainly at the micro level, and rarely involves the macro level. Up to now, there is no operational standardized evaluation index system at home and abroad, and the research on macro-standardized evaluation system at the national level needs to be further deepened.

References:

[1] Li Chuntian: Introduction to Standardization (4th Edition) [M]. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2005: 20 ~ 23.

[2] China National Institute of Standardization. Research Report on Standardization Development in China in 2006. Beijing: China Standardization Press, 2006.

Zhenhua He et al.: Modern Standardization [M]. Electronic Equipment Structure Professional Committee of Beijing Standards Association,1984:161~185.

BeuthVerlag。 Economic benefits of standardization: summary results. German Institute of Standardization, 2006:20~22

Ren Ziping, Zhao, Deng, et al. Quantitative evaluation of standardization level and its index system. Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2004,27: 214 ~ 216.

Liang Wanjun, Li Linjie. Theoretical design of agricultural standardization evaluation index system. Statistics and decision, 2006,: 45 ~ 47.

Zhou: On the evaluation of enterprise standardization level. China standardization, 199 1,: 22 ~ 26.