The hope of chemical industry-Green chemical industry
With the rapid development of chemical industry, while bringing huge economic benefits, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, and the contradictions caused by it are becoming more and more prominent. The phenomenon of shutdown, production suspension and production change is common, and chemical products are the necessities of people's daily life. Environmental protection and energy saving? Green products are becoming more and more urgent, and the development of green chemical industry highlights its importance.
Green chemical industry; Practicality; urgent
China Library Classification. [TQ09] ID number A1674-6708 (2010) 20-0043-01
Introduction to 0
In the middle of the 20th century, science and technology entered a period of rapid development in the world. At the same time, more and more people are worried about the predatory exploitation and large-scale industrialization of global resources? Three wastes? Emissions have caused serious damage to the living environment of mankind. Due to the imbalance of environmental pollution and ecological balance, it poses a great threat to life and health. People are more and more aware of the importance of environmental protection. It is imperative to eliminate environmental pollution from the source by using chemical principles and develop green chemical technology.
1 Present situation of chemical industry
The chemical industry is the most closely related industry to human life, which has penetrated into all aspects of human life, including the development of clothing, food, housing, transportation and even contemporary high technology, and is directly related to the progress of the chemical industry. So, what does the chemical industry mean? Environmental pollution? And then what? Special contribution? Duality challenges the vast number of chemical researchers and producers. The original method is to control the pollution produced in the chemical production process. The government and enterprises have invested a lot of money and manpower, conducted a lot of fruitful research on the methods and technologies of environmental pollution control, and developed environmental protection means such as water treatment technology, air pollution control technology, solid waste treatment technology and noise control technology, which have made important contributions to protecting the environment and ecology. However, it is found that with the continuous progress of human society and the rapid growth of production scale, the speed of environmental governance lags far behind that of environmental pollution, and the cost of pollution control is rising. With the continuous progress of industrial production, the ecological environment of the earth has deteriorated rapidly, which has seriously threatened the survival of mankind. Therefore, there is only one fundamental solution, which is to completely change the production mode of traditional industries, advocate green production, prevent pollution from the source and take the road of sustainable development. Especially in the chemical industry, only use? Green chemical process? It is possible to completely change the face of the chemical industry and make it develop by leaps and bounds by replacing the traditional chemical process and implementing cleaner production in the chemical industry. In this context, in order to reduce and eliminate pollution from the source, clean production, that is, green chemical industry, has emerged.
2 principles of green chemical industry
By applying a series of chemical principles and methods in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products, the use and generation of harmful substances are reduced or eliminated, so that the design of chemical products or processes is more environmentally friendly, including all chemical methods that can reduce the negative impact on human health. The harmless chemical process produced on this basis is called green chemical industry. The biggest feature of green chemical industry is that it uses scientific means to prevent pollution from the beginning, so the process and terminal are zero emissions and zero pollution.
3 the urgency of developing green chemical industry
With the rapid development of economy, environmental problems and chemical pollution problems are increasingly mentioned in more and more important positions. While vigorously developing industries in various places, the one-vote veto system is implemented for environmental pollution problems, prompting factories and mines to increase the research and development of green environmental protection and green products, especially chemical enterprises to make great efforts to carry out scientific research and development and explore new technologies for environmental protection and energy conservation; Explore green raw materials and choose non-toxic and harmless chemical raw materials for chemical synthesis as much as possible; Develop green technology, adopt brand-new chemical technology, eliminate the generation of toxic and harmful substances from the process, realize clean production, and finally realize zero discharge of waste; Produce green products. In recent years, the Department of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has increased the consulting topics of academicians of green chemistry and technology, and held many seminars to discuss? The challenge of sustainable development to science-green chemistry? So as to promote the development of green chemical industry.
4 Research and development of green chemistry content
1) Select renewable raw materials; Design low-pollution chemical synthesis methods; Atomic economic chemical reaction; Application of catalytic conversion and development of new catalysts; Design safer chemical products and processes; Reduce the energy consumption of chemical process, and adopt the synthesis method at normal temperature and pressure as far as possible; Do not use additives or auxiliary materials as much as possible, and choose nontoxic additives or auxiliary materials when necessary; Choose intrinsically safer chemical products; Process analysis of pollution prevention; Degradability of chemicals.
2) Develop alternative raw materials, reagents, solvents, new catalysts and synthetic processes. For example, by treating waste, it is converted into animal feed and organic chemicals; Use non-toxic and harmless raw materials instead of highly toxic phosgene and hydrocyanic acid to produce organic raw materials; Using biotechnology to produce common organic raw materials from waste; Supercritical CO2 is used as a spray for paints and coatings instead of organic solvents.
3) Clean chemical products that are recyclable, treatable or reprocessable. In recent years, the research in this field includes: (1) degradable plastics. At present, degradable plastics are mainly divided into photodegradable plastics and biodegradable plastics. (2) HCFC substitute products. The destruction of ozone layer is one of the three global environmental problems facing the world today. In order to protect the ozone layer, chlorofluorocarbons must be banned. (3) Green paint products: Traditional paint products contain a lot of volatile organic compounds (VOC), which pollute the environment and endanger human health. VOC-free green coating products mainly include: water-based coatings, powder coatings and solvent-free coatings. Under the requirements of green products, polymerization methods have also been developed, especially in latex coatings. Acrylic emulsion containing reactive functional groups with solid content as high as 30%~50%, emulsifier content of 1%~5% and particle size less than 2nm was successfully prepared by improved microemulsion polymerization method, and its VOC content was zero.
5. Economic feasibility of developing green chemical industry
Green chemical industry is the fundamental way to solve the pollution problem. Different from traditional pollution control, green chemical industry can reduce or eliminate the generation and use of harmful substances by changing the structure and properties of chemical products or production technology. By designing or redesigning the molecular structure of chemical substances, green chemical industry can make them have the required characteristics and avoid or reduce the generation and use of toxic groups. At the same time, green chemistry pursues highly selective chemical reactions with few by-products, even achieving atomic economy and zero emission. Therefore, the research and development of green chemical industry can not only prevent environmental pollution, but also improve the utilization rate of resources and energy, improve the economic benefits of chemical process, and play a huge role in promoting the sustainable development of chemical process. With the continuous promotion of cleaner production in chemical industry, green chemical products will win the market with green advantages. In the short term, promoting green chemical technology and production norms will increase production costs. In the long run, with the social and public recognition of green chemical products, pioneer enterprises and products will win the public and win the market by promoting the greening of enterprises and products; Many products without green awareness and improvement measures will be banned, providing opportunities for green substitute products. Therefore, the development of green chemical industry has broad prospects, wide application, strong practicability and remarkable economic benefits.
refer to
[1] Xu, Tang. Do everything possible to realize the sustainable development of China's chemical industry.
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